a`N~dRv sh qYvQd a`kYmNQkyn~ awr br\lQn~ nRvr p#v#w~vR "s`m" s`kc|C` vtyt m`w^k` vWmt nQymQwv wQbR@n~ m`nv ayQwQv`sQkm| y. m`nv ayQwWn~ ul~lAGny kQrW@mhQl` pLpRr#q~qk~ a#wQ e~ pQLQb[v vQ@X~;Z q#nRmk~ a#wQ uqvQy ev#nQ m`w^k`vk~ s`kc|C` kQrWmt pY}m m`nv ayQwQv`sQkm| pQLQb[v p`Tm`l`vk~ h#q$rQy yRwO y#yQ mm sQwmQ. @m| s`kc|C` vty a`rm|x vnv`w~ smgm nQrWk;N kmQtR@v| s`m`jQkyn~ wQ@q@nkOt qYvQd a`kYmNQk wYs~wv`qW pQrQsk~ "m`nv hQmQkm|" g#n kqQm p`dmk~ kQy` @qn lqW. @dl~f~tQ qRpwt nRqEr# mRhR@q~ wmn~@g~ a`yR{ n#vk~ @m`vRn~ pRpRr#v` h#rQ@y~ em nQrWk;kyn~t mRhRqt p#n sQy jWvQw @b|r`gn~n#yQ aN @qmQnQ. e~ @k@s~ @vww~ s`kc|C` vty avsn~ vR@y~ j`w&n~wr k;m` sAvQ{`n@yhQ hQtpR pY{`nQy`t XYW lAk`vt m`nv hQmQkm| pQLQb[ @ktRm|pwk~ nQr\m`Ny kQrWmt a`r`{ny kQrW@mnQ. k;m` sAvQ{`ny qYvQd a`kYmNQky`t kvqw~ hQwvw~v ktyRwO kL bv jW. a#l~. pWrQs~l` @n`qn~nv` vQy h#kQ mRw~ e~ iwQh`sy apt nm| amwk vW n#w.

m`nv ayQwQv`sQkm| g#n kw` kQrWmt jW. a#l~. pWrQs~, rnQl~ vQkYmsQAh sh a#n~tn~ b`lsQAhm|t sq`c`r ayQwQyk~ @n`m#wQ mRw~ @m`vRn~@g~ m`nv vQ@r`~{W ktyRwOvlQn~ pWd` vQ[Q apt e~ pQLQb[v kWmt @b`@h`~ @q~ a#w. ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ sAvQ{`ny "m`nv hQmQkm|" p#h#qQlQv h` svQs~wr`w~mkv nQr\vcny kr a#w. e~ nQr\vcnyt anRv pRq~gl@ykOt jWvw~vWmt aqhs~ pYk`X kQrWmt k#mwQ a`gmk~ qhmk~ aqhn~nt ym| avm jWvn mtQtmk~ pvw~v`@gn y`mt a{&`pny l#bWmt yn`qW vX@yn~ ayQwWn~ a#w. ap r@tQq @p`qE@v| @l`~k@y~q bhRwr jnw`vt @m| ayQwWn~ ahQmQv a#w. nmRw~ @mm nQr\vcn@yhQ It vd` brpwl qEr\vlkm| a#w. pLmRv#n~n ey pRq~gl @k~n~qY vWmyQ. @qv#n~n It aq`l vn@s~ "vgkWm|" pQLQb[ pYZp~wQyk~ @n`wQbWmyQ.

pYwQr$p @q~Xyk~ g#n kw` krnv` nm| ap ilk~k kL yRw~@w~ @x_wQkvq, m`nsQkvq, a{&`w~mQkvq Xk~wQmw~vR sm`jyk~ nQr\m`Ny kQrWmtyQ. yhpw~ sm`jyk~ nQr\m`Ny krn~@n~ nm| pRq~gly` @s~m smRhyq ilk~k kL yRwO@v|. ayQwQv`sQkm| @mn~m vgkWm|q av{`rNy kL yRwO@v|. l#v| gQn~nkt hsRvR k#lyk wnQ v^k;ykt p#v#w~mk~ @n`m#wQ @s~m, pRq~gly`@g~ sRbsQq~{Qy @p`qE@v| pYj`@v| @s_K&y ww~w~vy mw rq` pvwW. pYj`v v#qgw~ vn~@n~ brpwlm pYX~n hR@qkl` e~v` @n`vn nQs`y. e~v` wnQ pRq~gl@ykOt blp`n e~v` @n`vn nQs`y. gs~ qkQn~@n`~ vn @pw @n`qkQn~@n`~ @vwQ. vn @pw q#kWmt avX& q$s~ apt n#wQ @s~m smRhy q#kWmt avX& q$s~ apt ahQmQv a#w#yQ mt vQ@tk sQ@w~.

e@hw~ aprt a`qW v`sWn~ k#l$ qEtR@v`~ vQy. sm`jyq ovRn~ qEtR@v`~y. kYQ. pR. 267 qW mQhQ[Emh rhwn~ vhn~@s~ p#h#qQlQ k@L~ @mm @q~Xy pRrv#sQyn~tq @mhQ @v@sn sQylE sw~vyQn~tq ayQwQ bvy. rjR ynR @m`vRn~ sh @m`vRn~ @v@sn sms~w prQsr pq~{wQ@y~ w`vk`lQk a`rk;ky` pmNk~ bvq un~vhn~@s~ p#h#qQlQ kL @s~k. un~vhn~@s~ @m@ls pYk`Xyt pw~ k@L~ ap XQ;~t`c`ry pqnm| vR sms~w jWvn q#k~m @v|. ayQwQv`sQkm|q, vgkWm|q e@mn~m shjWvny sh e~ h` m#qQ s`mRhQkw~vyq ap XQ;~t`c`ry @g`dn#gS qr\Xn@y~ pY{`n sAGtk vR bv un~vhn~@s~ n#vw av{`rNy kL @s~k.

ap @v@sn @m| pRN& xSmQy @q~Xyk~ k@L~ pN~dRk`xy rjwOm` y. ey sQAhl @q~Xy vQy. @my @b_q~{ r`j&yk~ vR@y~ @qvnp$wQs~ rjR sm@y~ qWy. ew#n~ sQt @my sQAhl @b_q~{ r`j&yk~ vQy. mh@sn~, pLmRvn sh @qvn ag~@b`~ {`wO@s~n, p#rkOm|b` vn~ rjRn~ ap@g~ v`rQ XQ;~t`c`ry @g`dn#gO@v| @b_q~{ mRl{r\myn~ pqnm| @k`t@gny. smRhy sh shjWvny pqnm| @k`t@gny. ayQwQv`sQkm| @mn~m vgkWm|q a#wQ bv av@b`~{ krgw~ b#vQn. pRq~gly` @svQy yRw~@w~ smRhy hrh` bv h[EnmQn~ rjRq, mh` sAGrw~nyq, pRrv#sQyn~q wm wmn~@g~ yRwOkm| vgkWm| itR k@L~ @m| ek~ ek~ p`r\X~vyn~@g~ an~wr\ sm|bn~{w` sh smbrw`vy rFkgnQmQnQ. sQAhl @q~Xy @prqQg {`n&`g`ry vR@y~q anwOr#v {r\mq~vWpy vR@y~q @m@lsy. evn~ XQ;~t`c`rykQ apt e~ m^qE mQnQsRn~ q`y`q k@L~. evn~ XQ;~t`c`rykQ. ap@g~ "@d`n@m`~r\ p`lk@y`~" apt ahQmQ kr a#w~@w~. ap@g~ @q~Xy vQn`X kL` pmNk~ @n`@v|. aq vn vQt apt ap@g~ iwQh`syq, ur#myq, jWvn sh shjWvn rt`vq, a`w~m gr#w~vyq, nQqhsq ahQmQ vW a#w. e@s~ vR@y~ apt ap swO @q~ a`rk;` kQrWmtq, @p`~;Ny kQrWmtq a@p`@h`sw~ vR nQs`y.

1941 qW fY#n~k~lQn~ r$s~@vl~tQ nm|vR a#mrQk`nR jn`{QpwQvry` "j`wQk pYwQpw~wQy" g#n k}` krmQn~ kr#NR kQhQpyk~ av{`rNy k@L~y. @mhQqW j`wQk a`rk;`vt pYmRKw`vy qQy yRwO bv ohR p#h#qQlQ k@L~y. yRq~{y wm @q~XsWm`@vn~ h#kQw`k~ a$wQn~ w#bWm s[h` aq`l mQwOr# bl@v|gyn~t uqv| upk`r kQrWmq v#qgw~ @k`t sLkn lqW. wOn~v#nRv kQsQqQ@nk a`kYmNQkyn~@g~ uvmn`vt @h`~ ovRnt uqv| krn~nn~@g~ up@qs~ mw kQsQqE s`mykt ekM @n`vn bvq ohR wr@y~ kQy` sQtQ@y~y. "@prqQg {`n&`g`ry" nm| vR @q~Xyt sQy pRrv#sQyn~ s`gQn~@nn~ @b|r`g#nWmt h#kQvQy. r$s~@vl~tQ@g~ s#lsR@mn~ a#mrQk`nRvn~@g~ kOsgQn~n n#wQvRn` pmNk~ @n`@v|. ovRn~@g~ a`rk;`vq whvRr# vQy.

ekl apt {`n&`g`ryk~ wQbQn. aq apt a`h`r n#w. a`h`r sRrk;Qww`vy @k@s~ @vww~, a`rk;`vk~q n#w. x`;`v, j`wQkw~vy, nQjbQm| yn`qW il~lWm| hrh` qYvQd a`kYmNQky` sQAhl @b_q~{ rt vQn`Xyt k#[v`@gn yq~qW ap@g~ @d`n@m`~r\ n`ykyQn~ mRnQvw rkQmQn~ sQtQyh. bl@y~ rFqW sQtW@m| uvmn`v sh mhx`N~d`g`ry hQs~kQrW@m| uvmn`v @prq#rQ@k`t @gn swOr`t sQw~ @s~ ap@g~ iwQh`syq ur#myq sm|pw~q vQn`X kQrWmt id qEn~h. ap@g~ @d`n@m`~r\ n`ykyn~t a`rk;` kQrWmt sAs~k^wQyk~ n#w. sQrQw @n`h[Enn ovRn~ kQsQ qQ@nk sQrQwq ey pqnm| vn sAs~k^wQk, a{&`w~mQk hryn~q a`rk;` @n`krwQ. qYvQd a`kYmNQky`t sQw~@s~ yk` ntn~nt avX& vtpQt`v s#qE@n~ @m@lsQnQ.

a`kYmNQky` @y`~jn` krn~@n~ kOmk~q? @fdrl~ kYmyk~ wOl s~vyAp`ln ayQwQy shQwv apt IL`m| @qnR, n#w@h`w~ apt @bq` @vn~vn~nt id @qnR." b`lsQAhm| pvsn~@n~ wmQl~ ILmt vQq&`w~mk pqnmk~ a#wQ bvyQ. ohR nQv#rFqQy. pYX~ny vn~@n~ @m| vQq&`w~mk pqnm Xwvr\X~yk~ pRr` iw` s#lsRm|shgwv iw` sRk;m a`k`r@yn~ @g`d n#gS @qyk~ vWmyQ. "s~v`{Wn r`j&yk~ s[h` avX& sQylE @k`n~@q~sQ nQr\m`Ny k@L~ qYvQd a`kYmNQky` @n`@v|. ohR k@L~ e~v` il~lWm| @ls iqQrQpw~ kQrWm pmNQ. e~v`@y~ s#b$ m#vRm|kr#vn~ nm| @d`n@m`~r\ ww~w~v@yn~ mw~vR InQy` sQAhl n`ykyQn~@v|.

x`;`v j`wQkw~vy yn`qQy pQLQgnQq~qW ey @vnm r`j&yk~ qk~v` gmn~ krn a`kYmNQk s#lsRmk @k`ts~ bv @w~r#m| g#nWmt ovRnt h#kQy`vk~ wQbR@n~ n#w. uvmn`vk~ wQbR@n~q n#w. qYvQd v&`p~wQv`qy sQAhl @b_q~{ XQ;~t`c`r@y~ hqvw b[EvR uwOr sh n#@gnhQr a`kYmNy krn vQt j`wQk a`rk;`v g#n ovRn~ sQwO@v| n#w. e~ ovRnt "j`wQy" nRhRr# vR nQs` vQy yRwOy. aq @m| a`kYmNyt nWwQmy pqnmk~ r`mRvk~ s$qWmt jW. a#l~. pWrQs~ v#n~nn~ @v@h@sn~@n~q ovRn~ em @d`n@m`~r\ m`nsQkw~v@y~ vr\wm`n ur#mk~k`ryn~ vn nQs` bv nm| p#h#qQlQy.

a#mrQk`nR ek~sw~ jnpqy ynR a`kYmNQkyn~ vQsQn~ p#h#rgw~ xSmQyk~ mw @g`dn#gS @q~XykQ. ILm ynRq p#h#rgw~ xSmQyk~ mw a`kYmNQk@yk~ @g`dngmQn~ sQtQn @q~XykQ. r$s~@vl~tQt @q~XWy sh vQ@q~XWy pYwQpw~wQyk~ wQbQn. qYvQd a`kYmNQkyn~@g~ s`r\}kw~vy rF[W a#w~@w~q evn~ pYwQpw~wQ ohR swOv wQbWmy. r$s~@vl~tQ@g~ a#mrQk`v @q~XWy jnw`v smRlG`wny kQrW@mn~ anwOr#v @g`dng` gw~wkQ. sQAhl @b_q~{yn~t hQmQ vn~@n~ @mm irNmmq?

aq k}` kLyRw~@w~ ek~ @qyk~ pmNQ. qYvQd a`kYmNQky` ap@g~ nQjbQm|vlQn~ pLv` hrQn~@n~ @k@s~q yn~n pmNQ. ayQwQv`sQkm| g#n k}` kQrWmt a`kYmNQkyn~t nm| kQsQm ayQwQyk~ n#w. ayQwQv`sQkm| g#n kw` krnv` nm| kw` kL yRw~@w~ sQAhl @b_q~{yn~@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm| g#ny. ovRn~@g~ x`;` ayQwQy, sAs~k^wQmy ayQwWn~, ovRn~@g~ ur#myt XQ;~t`c`ryt a#wQ ayQwWn~ g#n pmNQ.