, P2 573, P2 ~591, P2 ~592, P2 ~593, P2 I594,
P2 I595, P2 k626, P2 k627 @ls nm| krnR l#bR en~jQn~ @q`Lhm {`vny @vmQn~ wQbQNQ.
@m| awr s~vkWy v&`p`ryt a#v#sQ amRqYv& pYv`hny krqWm mRlQk prm`r\} kr@gn wvw~
qEm|rQy en~jQn~ @qkk~ sQ@mn~wQ sAyRk~w mN~dly vQsQn~ qEm|rQy @qp`r\w@m|n~wOvt
lb`qEn~@n~y. em en~jQn~ @qk kn~ksn~wOr h` @g`~l~ @ls nm| kr wQbR@N~y. e~ anRv P2
K`N~d@y~ en~jQn~ 14 qEm|rQy @qp`r\w@m|n~wOv swO vR@y~y.
mRl~m M2 en~jQm {`vny ptn~@gn q#nt
vsr 50 k~ gw vW hm`ry. It psRw~ alEwQn~ en~jQn~ qEm|rQy @s~vyt ekwO u@n~y. k#dW
bQ[W kN~dm| vW gQ@y~y. It @pr {`vnyt ek~vR
M1 K`N~d@y~ en~jQn~ q#n~ iwQh`syt ek~vW hm`ry. e@hw~ k#nd`@vn~ l#bRN @m|
en~jQn~ 14 n~ 13 k~m wvmw~ lAk`@v| hwr a@w~ h$l~@m| qEvmQn~ sQtW. {`vny @n`vn
en~jQm wYQkON`mly gl~oy m`r\g@y~ @m`l~lQpw`@n~ qW 1984 vr\;@y~ el~. tW. tW. tW.
I. @b`~m|b pYh`rykQn~ vQn`Xyt pw~vR@y~y. ap aq kQyn~nt yn~@n~ pRr` adsQyvsk~ wQs~@s~
@m| r@tQ p#vwQ a`N~dRvw~, @q@n`~q`hk~ mQnQs~sRw~, qEm|rQy @qp`r\w@m|n~wOvw~ @g`d
qmmQn~ pWlQ @g@vnwOr# qQvR M2
en~jQn~ q`hw@r\ kw`vy.
e~ kw`v iw`m apRr# ekkQ. qQnpw` h#w#p~m g`nk~ {`vny vn @m| en~jQn~ ktQtl nQr\m`Ny
kr wQbRN a`k`ryw~ a@p~ a`qrNWy mQnQsRn~ @gqr a#w~wn~ @s~ a`q`r@yn~ @m|v` bl`
kQy`gw~ a`k`ryw~ @b@hvQn~m sA@v|qW kw`vk~ @pLgs~vyQ.
{`vnyt ek~ vR mRl~ vkv`nR@v| sQt @mm M2
en~jQn~ ktQtl qEm|rQy @s~vyt amRwO jvyk~ qEn~@n~y. sWGYgY`mW qEm|rQy @s~v`v
kYmvw~ vQy. @vl`vt qEm|rQy {`vny vR@y~y. 1956 a@pY~l~ 23 vn s[Eq` sQt udrt
m#NQ@k~, y`l~@q~vQ h` r#hRNR kOm`rQ qEm|rQy a`rm|x krnR l#bR@v| @mm qEm|rQy
en~jQn~vlQnQ. 1961 vsr vnvQt udrt {`vny s[h` vQ@X~;@yn~ s#lsRm| kL P2 k626 h` P2
k627 en~jQn~ q l#bR@N~y. ey vQmsQy yRwO iwQh`sykQ.
pRr` avRr#qE pnhk~ wQs~@s~ prm|pr` hwrk~ rt v@tQ ar@gn gQy en~jQn~ mRw~w`@g~
sQw~gn~n` sRU @w`rwOr# @s`y`@gn em en~jQn~ ndw~wOv s[h` pmNk~ @vn~kr a#wQ @qmtg`d
{`vnbl @qp`r\w@m|n~wO@v| {`vn`g`ry @vw gQ@ymR.
wvmw~ {`vny krn o|n$m br v#dk~ s[h` sRq`nmQn~ sQtQn q#nt vsr pnhk~ spQr$
M2 C569 en~jQm wr#N@ykO @s~ kdvsm|
an~qmt h#dkrv` wQbR@N~y. ndw~wO ktyRwOvlQn~ anwOr#v a@nk~ en~jQn~ mRq`h#r wQbQNQ.
ap smM @k`LB aAgn@y~ pY{`n {`vn`g`r @f`~mn~ ec|. el~. a`r\. @f`n~@s~k` mhw` vR@y~y.
@k`@h`mq @mc|cr k`lyk~ @m|v` jWvw~ k@L~........"apQ ohRv vQmsWmR.
@m|v` a@p~ rtt v`sn`vt l#bRN sm|pw~. k#nd`@v| @jnrl~ @m`~tr\s~ l` @m|v` nQr\m`Ny
krl` wQbR@N a@p r@tQ @q~XgONy g#n i[n~ kl~pn` krl`. @m|v`@y amwr @k`ts~vl @gvQl`
y$m iw`m adRyQ. @m| en~jQmk~ h#w#p~m wOn~lk; h#tq`hk~ qQv|vhm rw~ml`@n pY{`n
y`n~wYQk iAjQ@n~r# @qp`r\w@m|n~wO@v| pL@vnQ alEw~v#dQy`v krnv`. h#w#p~m hw~ lk;
vQsQq`hk~ qQv|v`m sm|pRr\N aUw~v#dQy`vk~ krnv`. e~k ivr un`m en~jQn~ ek aUw~m
ekk~ v@g~.
anQk~ @q~ a@p~ mQnQs~sR @m| en~jQn~ tQk @gqr @k@nk~ v`@g bl`gw~w`. hrQ @vl`vt
ndw~wO kL`. e~ k`@l r`j& nQl{`rWn~ r#pQylt @qkt ytu@n~ n$. rs~s`v nm|bRk`rv kL`.
hrQ amwr @k`ts~ @gnw~ qEn~n`. @m|v` ndw~wO krn~n apQt pQtrt pRhRNRv l#bR@n n$. @p`w~
bll` i@gn@gnyQ ndw~wO k@L~. en~jQn~ dYyQvr\t pv` en~jQm g#n @h`[ av@b`~{yk~
wQbRN`.
ohR kQy`@gn gQ@y~y.
ew@k`t qEvn~ n#wQ en~jQmt @m`kq u@n~.
e~k hrQm apr`{yk~ u@n~. apQt n#wQ u@n~ P2 571 kQyn en~jQm. ew@k`t mA hQtQ@y
wYQkON`ml@y. @f`n~@s~k` mhw` kw`v a#rBR@v|y.
eq` 1984 avRr#q~@q s#p~w#m|br\ 14. gl~oy wYQkON`mly awr @m`l~lQ@p`w`n hrQ@yqQ
@m| bQm|@b`~m|byt @k`~c|cQy ahR u@n~. sQq~{Qy @vl` p#yk~ v`@g a#wOLw apt sQq~{Qy
@vc|c w#nt yn~n pRUvn~ un`. mRU en~jQm vQn`X @vl` wQbRN`. @b`~m|@bt ahRvRn @r`~qyk~
@qkt k#dQl` gQhQn~. k#dQc|c k$l~l hm|bR@n~ h#w#p~m 1·2 vQwr a$wk wQbQl`.
ap @f`n~@s~k` mhw` smM kw`krmQn~ @qmt@g`d qEm|rQy {`vn`g`r@y~ a#vQqQmQn~ sQtQ@ymR.
qEm|rQy iwQh`s@y~ vtQn`m k`lprQc|@C~qyk~ @m| bQm|@p@w~ a`rk;` vW wQbQNQ. awWw gl~
aMOr# en~jQn~ aUw~v#dQy`v krnR l#bR@v| @m| bQ@mhQ. abln~ vR gl~ aMOr# en~jQn~vl
sRn~bRn~ wvmw~ ehQ p@sk w#n~pw~ vW wQ@b|. kU@wl~ sRv[ v#dbQmk vR n#vRm| bv pQLQb[
iMQ krmQn~ hQ[W.
en~jQn~ kWpyk~ ndw~wOv s[h` @y`qv` a#w. "@m|vw~ @jnrl~ @m`~tr\sl`" krpRv`. @m|v`t
kQQyn~@n~ P6 kQyl`y @m| en~jQn~vl pQt@k`ts @vnrtk h#qEvm a#wOL @jnrl~ @m`~tr\sl`@g
e~. ay@g h#m en~jQmk~m @h`[t o@r`w~wO @qnv`. @m|v` @gn~nR@v| 1979 qW P2 e~v` v@g~m
wmyQ. @m| alEwQn~ @gn`pR en~jQn~ ndw~wOvt glvn@k`t sm|pRr\N @k`ts~ ayQn~ krl`
q`n~n un`. e~w~ kvq`vw~ @m| @vnkl~m e@hm aw~q#kWmk~ @m| en~jQn~ sm|bn~{v apQt l#bQl`
n$.
e@hnm| a#yQ @m| en~jQn~m gn~n uw~s`h krn~@n~ n#w~@w.......? apQ a#sR@vmR. @f`n~@s~k`
mhw` ap qQh` bl` hQn`vR@n~y.
wv apRr# kw`vk~ wQynv` P2 en~jQn~ g#n. e~k ahgn~n o|n dQln~w mhw~wy@gn~ @f`n~@s~k`
mhw~my` kQv|@v|y. dQln~w @p@r\r` mhw` {`vn bl aAX@y~ nQ@y`~j& pY{`n iAjQ@n~r#vry`.
kn~ksn~wO@r\ hQrvRn P2 570 en~jQm glv` g#nWm s[h` qQyw~ kL @m@hyR@m| nQymRv` vR@y~
ohRy.
1990 avRr#q~q el~. tW. tW. I. y smM a`rm|x vRn yRq~{@y~ w`vk`lQk vQr`m k`ly
vR@y~y. stn~ vQr`myk~ kYQy`w~mkv p#vwQnQ. w#p#l~ qEm|rQy phm {`vny vR@y~y. 1990
jRnQ ms 10 q` y`l~@q~vW qEm|rQy kn~ksn~wO@r\ bl` {`vny vQnQ. ey qEm|rQy iwQh`s@y~
y`pnyt qEm|rQyk~ gQy avs`n gmn vR@y~y.
ek~vrm yRq~{y wWrN`w~mkv a#rBQnQ. kn~ksn~wO@r\ el~. tW. tW. I. y yt@w~ wQbR@N~y.
@r\l~p`rvl~ g#lvW bAkr w#nRNQ. y`l~@q~vW qEm|rQy en~jQm kn~ksn~wOry qEm|rQy p@L~
hsrk~ @n`q#n awrmA vRv`y.
el~. tW. tW. I. awt pw~ vR@y~ @k`~tQ gNnk~ vtQn` sm|pwkQ. eb#vQn~ ovRn~ It
brpwl h`nQ k@L~ n#w. b#trQy h` pY{`n l`m|pR yRgl pmNk~ glv`@gn ynR l#b wQbQNQ.
@m| awr iw` k~;NQk pYh`r kWpykQn~ anwOr#v kn~ksn~wO@r\ hmRq` p`lny ytwt pw~vQy.
ey a{Q a`rk;Qw pY@q~Xyk~ bvt pw~ @kr#NQ. qEm|rQy en~jQm av|vt @v|@lmQn~ krqQy
sRLA v#@qmQn~ pRr` vsr hyk~ yn en mgk~ @n`q#n kn~ksn~wO@r\ qEm|rQy s~}`n@y~ rF[W
wQbR@N~y.
@m| awr 1996 vs@r\ yLQw~ y`l~@q~vW qEm|rQy en~jQm @k`LBt rF@gn e~m s[h` v&`p^wQyk~
s#ksQnQ. evkt pYv`hn a#m#wQ vR@y~ e~. ec|. em|. fvRsQy. @mm v&`p^wQ@y~ pY{`n
nQymRv` vR@y~ evkt mRls~}`ny iAjQ@n~r#vry` vR dQln~w pYn`n~qE mhw`y.
apQ dQln~w pYn`n~qE mhw` hmRvW e~ awWw aw~q#kWm| smRq`y yLQw~ mwkyt ng` g#nWmt
uw~s`h k@LmR.
ohR apt e~ rsvw~ kw`v kW@v|y.
oy kQyn~@n~ a@p~ P2 570 en~jQm g#n. e~ en~jQm P2 en~jQn~vlQn~ apt wQ@yn wOn~@vnQyt
p#rFNQ en~jQm. mRlQn~m {`vny k@L~ 1954 @qs#m|br\ 30 ew@k`t lbn bYhs~pwQn~qt e~
en~jQmtw~ avRr#qE pnhyQ.
@m| v#@d|t awgh@k`t en~jQn~ ek hrQytm avRr#qE hyk~ kn~ksn~wO@r\ hQr@vl`.
en~jQn~ ek av|vt v#s~st @wmQl` avp#h#g#nQl`. apQ q`hwr @q@nk~ @m| v#@d|t gQy`.
apQ krn~n h#qE@v en~jQn~ ek k$lQvlt glvl` n$@vn~ @k`LBt @gnw~ hyQ krn~n. v#@d|
hQwpR wrm| phsR u@n~ n$. c#sQy vQwrk~ @t`n~ 18 k~ bryQ.
kn~ksn~wO@r\ qEm|rQy @p`l wQ@yn~@n pl`lQ gOvn~@w`tR@p`LtyQ vr`ytyQ awrm#q.
s~@tQ;n~ e@k~ i[l` vr`yt h#w#p~mk~ vQwr qEryQ. hrQyt p`rvl~ n$. k$lQ glvl` vr`yt
@g~n~n o|n. kn~@tQnr\ ekk. p`@r vAgO kn~@tQnr\ ek gn~n b$. mRlQn~m k@L~ hmRq`@vn~
uqvR ar@gn vry`t yn~n p`r hqpR ek. e@hm krl` en~jQn~ e@k~ @k`ts~ tQk am`r#@vn~
lAk` mRqQw n#vt p#@tv|v`. mRU en~jQm @t`n~ asRvk~ bryQ.
It ps~@s~ n#v @k`LB vr`yt @gn`v`. @gnw~ a@p~ qEm|rQy aAgnyt q`l` @h`[ aUw~v#dQy`vk~
kL`. iw`m @h`[ ww~@vt en~jQm @gn`v`. aqw~ ey` @h`[t qEvnv`. dQln~w pYn`n~qE
mhw~my` w^p~wQmw~ sQn`vkQn~ yRwOv kW@v|y.
apQ ovRn~ @qs bl`sQtQ@ymR. @m`vRn~ kQyn~@n~ iwQh`s@y~ gmn~mg pQLQb[ kw`vkQ.
mWt qXk kWpykt @pr @l`~ky @b`@h`m @vns~y. avAk a{&`XykQn~ k`r\mQk@y`~ s~vkWy nQr\m`Ny
kLh. ey j`wQyk~ swO @q~plk~ vn vQt a@p~ mQnQs~sR sq~x`v@yn~ yRwOv rFkgnR l#bRh.
pRr` avRr#qE pnhk~ wQs~@s~ jWvm`n vR @m| a@y`~my @mvlm| smRq`y apt kQyn~@n~ yhpw~
mQnQs~sRn~ pQLQb[ sA@v|qW kw`vkQ.
aq e~ @l`~ky n#w.
(nQ@y`~j& gmn`gmn a{Qk`rW n`lk bN~d`r mhw`t vQ@X~; s~wOwQy pQrQn#@m|. @mm
lQpQy s#ksW@m|qW P2 qEm|rQy en~jQn~ sm|bn~{v lWl`rw~n awO@k`~rl mhw` s#ksR
amRqYQw lQpQyw~ smn~ kUa`rc|cQ mhw`@g~ @k`LB pRr`Ny k^wQyw~ mRl`XY@k`t g#nRNQ.)
