@m| pYk`X@yn~ p#y kWpykt psR wmQl~n`dR nUvkO vR srw~kOm`r\
nm#w~w` pYk`Xyk~ krmQn~ qYvQdyn~ sAh`ry krn wOr# bl` sQtWmt b#rQ
y#yQ kQy` sQtQ@y~y. @m| vnvQt in~qWy gOvn~ hmRq`v nvqQl~lQyt
pQtQn~ pQhQtQ hQn~dn~ hmRq` k[vR@r\ sQt iw` phLQn~ pQy`sr @k@rn
gOvn~ y`n` h[En` g#nWm s[h` vR @r\d`r\ pq~{wQ @qkk~ @mrtt
evWmt kQYy` kr wQbQNQ. in~qWy a`rk;k bl{`rWhR @k`tQ gOvn~
y`n`vl a`gmny q#ng#nWm s[h` IXY`yl~ h` r#sQy`nR @r\d`r\ pq~{wQ
r`@m|X~vrm| avt s~}`ngw krq~qW @mrtt s#pyR@v| x`rw~ sm`gm
nQ;~p`qny kL @r\d`r\ pq~{wQ @v|.
1987 m#yQ m`@s~ 26 v#nQq` vdm`rc|cQ @m@hyRm qQyw~ vR avs~}`@v|
in~qWy @r`~ crpRr#; @s~v`@v| up@qs~ mw in~qWy gOvn~ hmRq`v @mm
hQn~dn~ hmRq` k[vR@r\ sQt wmQl~n`dR@v| wn~jvRr\ hrh` @hLQ@k`p~tr\
ev` @k`tRvW sQtQ pYx`krn~ @b|r` gnR l#bWy.
@mv#nQ ww~w~vyk~ m#q em|. dW. em|. @k~. pk;@y~ n`yk vyQ@k`~t
q in~qWy rjy @r\d`r\ pq~{wQ s#pyR bv v`r\w` vQy. ohR vQgs agm#wQ
mn~@m`~hn~ sQA @vw hqQsQ sn~@q~Xyk~ yvmQn~ XWY lAk`vt s#pyR
@r\d`r\ a`psR @gn~v` gn~n#yQ il~l` sQtQ@y~y. e@hw~ in~qWy rjy
vyQ@k`~ kL il~lWmt pYwQc`r @n`q#k~vR@y~ in~qQy`v XWY lAk`vt
@r\d`r\ nRqEn~nw~ IXY`yly pkQs~w`ny x`vQw@yn~ @r\d`r\ pq~{wQ
lb` g#nWmt XWY lAk` a`rk;k hmRq`vt h#kQ bv qn~n` nQs`y.
wmQl~n`dR@v| @k`tQ a`{`rkr#vn~ @m@ls s$m il~lWmk~ m k@L~
XWY lAk` hmRq`v vn~nQ @m@hyRm| a`rm|x kL@h`w~ @k`tQ n`ykw~vy @k`tRvn
bv qn~n` @hyQnQ. e@s~m pYx`krn~@g~ vn~nQ v&Rhy kr#N` qn~n` nQs`
ohR sQylE @w`rwOr# XWY lAk` hmRq`vt @hLQ krnR a#w#yQ yn~n @k`tQ
h` ovRn~@g~ a`{`rkr#@v`~ bQyt pw~ vW sQtQwQ.
@m| nQs` a#w#m| mRs~lQm| p`r\X~vyn~ - @k`tQ m`{& sh @vnw~
p`r\X~vyn~ lv` kr#N` nQr`yR{ kr ohR G`wny krvWm @k`tQn~@g~
s#l#s~m vW wQ@b|. n#@gnhQr bQ[ v#tW@mn~ psR vn~nQ@y~ @k`tQ
a`{Qpw&y q a#qv#tR@N`w~ pYx`krn~@g~ IL`m| r`j&@y~ mh` s#l#s~m
q a@h`~sQ @v|.
stn~ vQr`m gQvQsRmQn~ psR wQYkON`ml@y~ @p`AgOwmQl~ nm| vR
rt @qkd kQrW@m| uw~svyk~ p#v#w~vR @k`tQ sAvQ{`ny wQYkON`mly
IL`m| @q~X@y~ agnRvr y#yQ kQy` sQtQyh. em uw~sv@yn~ psR
pYx`krn~ bl`@p`@r`w~wO vR@y~ n#@gnhQr pY@q~Xy pY`n~w atkt @vn~
kr e~ s$m pY`n~wyktm agnRvr b#gQn~ nm| kQrWmyQ. @k`tQ sAvQ{`n@y~
mh` s#l#s~m anRv n#@gnhQr @bqWmt wWrNy kr wQbR@N~ @m@s~yQ.
kOc|c@v|lQ pY`n~wy - pY{`n ngry - wQrQy`yQ- wQYkON`ml
pY`n~wy - (wQYkON`ml ngry) mRwSr\ pY`n~wy (kQlQ@vd|dQ)-mdklpR
pY`n~wy (krqQyn`r#), @vl~l`vlQ pY`n~wy (@p~r`r#) ak~krpw~wO
pY`n~wy (pl~lQmR@nyQ), @p`wOvQl~ pY`n~wy (@p`wOvQl~), v`k@r\
pY`n~wy - v`k@r\ @m| h#r uwO@r\ sQt hl`vw qk~v` q pYx`krn~@g~
IL`m| s#l#s~mt ayw~ vQy. phw q#k~@vn~@n~ ekW s#l#s~myQ. v`rnQ
pY`n~wy (vdm`rc|cQ sQt @wn~nmr`c|cQ qk~v`) - k`rvQ pY`n~wy
kQlQ@n`c|cQ sQt prn~wn~ h` vdRn~nc|cQ qk~v` pRnk`rQ pY`n~wy (mn~n`rm|
klpRv asl pY@q~Xy- mRlwQv| pY`n~wy - mRlwQv| pY@q~Xy m`n~kOlm|
pY`n~wy, mRlwQv| @k`tsk~ - mn~n`rm kQLQ@n`c|cQ pY{`n ngry,
m`n~kOlm|- m`n~n`yQ pY`n~wy - w@lyQ mn~n`rm avt kl`py, mdRR
pY`n~wy-mdR @q~vs~}`n kl`py, vvRnQy` pY`n~wy - vn~nQ pY`n~wy -
agnRvr o|mn~@w~ pRw~wlm| pY`n~wy (pY{`n ngry pRw~wlm), hl`vw
pY`n~wy pY{`n ngry hl`vw.
pYx`krn~@g~ @mm IL`m| @q~X mh` s#l#s~@m| n#@gnhQr kl`py
psRgQy jRnQ m`sy wOLqW @w`p~pQgl asRvW@mn~ bQ[v#tQNQ. @mm
ww~w~vy m#q IL`m| s#l#s~m mRUmnQn~m a@h`~sQ vWm v&r\} kr g#nWmt
pQNQs @k`tQ sAvQ{`ny vQvQ{ kYm@v|qyn~ x`vQw krn bv sn`} vW
a#w.
@m| s[h` k#nd`@v| @k`tQn~t pk;p`wW @q~Xp`lnZyn~ lv` vn~nQy
mRq` g#nW@m| @m@hyRm nwr kQrWmt pYyw~n qrn bv an`vrNy vW wQ@b|.
k#nd` p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| lQbrl~ p`k;Qk mn~wWYvrykO vR m`r\k~ @h`ln~d|
psRgQy swQ@y~ k#nd` agm#wQ s~tWvn~ h`pr\ @vw hqQsQ sn~@q~Xyk~
yvmQn~ XWY lAk`@v| iqQrQ hmRq` @m@hyRm| nwr kQrWmt sh`y vn~n#yQ
il~l` a#w. @myt pYwQc`r q#k~vR k#nd` vQ@q~X a#m#wQ pWtr\ m#@k~
p#vsR@v| hmRq` bl @y`qv` XWY lAk`@v| ar\bRqy nQm` kQrWmt qrn
kQYy` m`r\gyt k#nd`v vQr#q~{ bvyQ.
@m@ls @mrt a`rk;k h` @q~Xp`ln krLQyt m#qQhw~ vW sQtQn j`w&n~wr
p`r\X~vyn~ @k`tQ apr`{k`rW sm`gm @b|r` g#nWmt h#kQ s$m
uw~s`hyk~ m qrq~qW @n`~r\vWjQy`nR vQ@q~X am`w&`AXyt sm|bn~{ @n`~r`d|
nm| vR s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`ny wm ktyRwO h#tn~ pY@q~Xyt q v&`p~w kr
a#w#yQ sn`} vQy. @mm @n`~r`d| sAvQ{`ny s#pyR armRql~vlQn~ h#tn~
pRhRNR m{&s~}`nyk~ iqQkr a#wQ awr ey psRgQy swQ@y~qW vQv^w vQy.
@mm vQv^w kQrW@m| avs~}`vt XWY lAk`@vn~ b#h#rv yn @n`~r\vWjQy`nR
w`n`pwQ h#n~s~ bYtQs~k`r\ q shx`gQ vQy. @m| avs~}`v vn vQt lAk`
km|kr# @k`n~gYsy vWs#tQ nm#wQ cn~qYQk` sn~nQ@v|qn yn~wY vQs~sk~
@mrtt @gn~v` wQbQNQ.
XWY lAk` @tlQ@k`m| @h`~ @vnw~ @p_q~glQk qErkwn j`lykt sm|bn~{
@n`vW @m| vWs#tQ cn~qYQk` upkrN mgQn~ vQq&Rw~ lQpQ, C`y`r$p
kthV a#wOLw~ pYk`X sh rhs~ vcn mgQn~ rhs& pNQvRd q @l`v pRr`
y#vQy h#kQy.
2002 vs@r\ @k`tQ sAvQ{`ny @n`~r\vWjQy`nR rjy hrh` @mv#nQ
vWs#tQ upkrNyn~ a#wOU @t`n~ phk sm|@pY~;N yn~wY @mrtt @gn~v`
gnR l#bWy. eq` p#v#wQ rjy @m| sm|bn~{v p#vsR@v| qYvQd jnw`vt
s`m s`kc|C` g#n @w~r#m| kr qWmt ekW upkrN @gn a` bvyQ.
e@hw~ e~ s$m upkrNyk~ m x`vQw k@L~ XWY lAk` a`rk;k hmRq`vt
e@rhQvy. @m| nQs` j`wQk a`rk;`vt brpwl wr\jnyk~ el~l vQy. aq
em a{Q w`k;NQk upkrNm lAk` km|kr# @k`n~gYsy @mrtt @gn~v` wQ@b|.
@m| upkrN a#wOLw~ m{&s~}`nyk~ @k`tgl pY@q~X@y~ s~}`ngw kQrWmt
s#lsRm| kr a#w#yQ an`vrNy vQy.
@l`~k@y~ @bqEm|v`qW sAvQ{`n rFsk~ vWs#tQ upkrN mgQn~
wYs~wv`qW pYc`r vQk`Xny krq~qW lAk` km|kr# @k`n~gYsyt evn~
upkrN vQs~sk~ kOmktq?
@k`tgl pY@q~Xy pQLQb[v vQmr\Xny kL@h`w~ @k`LB ml~p`@r\
pQhQtQ e~k`bq~{ @m@hyRm| m{&s~}`ny pRpRr#v` h#rWm pQNQs @b`~m|by
a#tvR wYs~wv`qQy` vR vr\tn~ s#MvW sQtQ@y~ q ekW pY@q~X@y~ y#yQ
kQv h#kQy. e@s~m @m| upkrN mgQn~ XWY lAk` rj@y~ bRq~{Q aAXvlt
hsR @n`vW o|n$m s~}`nyk~ smg sm|bn~{km| p#v#w~vQy h#kQy.
vrk~ lAk` km|kr# @k`n~gYs@y~ pY{`nQykO @m@ls pvs` wQbQNQ.
pYx`krn~ uwOr# n#@gnhQr pmNk~ @n`v udrt k[Ekr@y~ q n`yky`yQ.
@m| nQs` rjyw~ a`rk;k am`w&`AXyw~ @m| vWs#tQ upkrN @gn~vW@m|
psRbQm vQmr\Xnyt lk~ kL yRwOy. 2002 stn~ vQr`m gQvQsRmQn~ psR
@k`tQn~ kQlQ@n`c|cQ@y~ vn~nQ @tk~ nmQn~ m{&s~}`nyk~ s~}`ngw
kLh. @m| vn~nQ @tk~ m{&s~}`ny @k`tQn~@g~ an~wr\j`l @vb| advQ
pvw~v`@gn y$mt sh`y @v|.
@mv#nQ ww~w~vyk~ mw lAk` km|kr# @k`n~gYsy vWs#tQ pq~{wQ
vQs~sk~ @mrtt @gn a`@v| abQrhs~ kQYy`q`mykt vQy @n`h#kQq? @m|
awr vn~nQ@y~ jnw`v bQy gn~vmQn~ @k`tQn~ mh` prQm`N@yn~ qr#vn~
b[v` gn~n` bv a`rk;k aAXvlt whvRr# vQy. psRgQy 8 v#nQq` alEym
wQYkON`mly sh mRlwQv| awr mRhR@q~qW @s`y`gw~ dQAgQ @b`~tQtR@v|
sQtQ ps~@qnkO@gn~ yRw~ qYvQd j`wQk pvR@ln~ @mkW @w`rwOr# sn`}
vQy.
XWY lAk` a`rk;k hmRq`v @k`yQ @m`@h`@w~ @h`~ vn~nQyt enR
a#w#yQ a@p~k;`@vn~ s$m pvRlkm sQtQn sQylE qr#vn~ @k`tQn~
p#h#r@gn yn bv ovRhR @hLQ kLh.
@m@ls pYx`krn~ pYmRK @k`tQ sAvQ{`ny yRq~{yt sRq`nm| @vq~qW
@k`LB sQt kQYy`w~mk vn @k`tQn~t hQwvw~ qYvQd pRvw~pwk~ pYk`Xyk~
krmQn~ rj@y~ hmRq` kQYy`m`r\gyt j`w&n~wr pYj`v e@rhQ vW a#wQ
bv kQy` sQtQ@y~y. e@s~m XWY lAk` rj@y~ ktyRwO g#n @svWmt j`w&n~wr
pYj`v@g~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ wQ@qnkO iqQrQ k`ly wOL XWY lAk`vt p#mQNWmt
nQymQwv a#w#yQ q ekW @k`tQ hQwv`qW pRvw~pw pL kr a#w. @m|
nQl{`rWn~ nm| ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ m`nv hQmQkm| @k`ms`rQs~ lEvQ@s~
a`cr\, v{hQAs` p#mQNvWm g#n @svW@m| nQ@y`~jQw m#n~@pYd| @n`v`k~
sh avw#n~ vRvn~ pQLQb[v @svW@m| ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ nQ@y`~jQw @v`~l~tr\
k`lQn~ y.
@m| nQs` j`w&n~wr @k`tQ j`l@y~ kYm@v|qy p#h#qQlQ vW wQ@b|.
@m| ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ @mrtt k#[vn~@n~ @k`tQn~t e@rhQv
vn~nQ hmRq` @m@hyRm nwr kQrW@m| prm`r\}@ynQ.
lbn @qs#m|br\ qk~v` k`ly wOL ihw kW vQ@q~XWy nQ@y`~jQwyn~ @mrtt
p#mQ@Nn bv @k`tQ hQwv`qQhR pvsq~qW @k`LB m`nv hQmQkm| @v@L[`mt
sm|bn~{ wvw~ s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`nyk~ mgQn~ v{hQAs` nQrWk;Ny nmQn~
pYk`Xnyk~ eLQq#k~vQNQ.
@mhQ armRN vR@y~ XWY lAk` hmRq`v h` @p`lQsQy qYvQdyn~t
apYm`N v{hQAs` pmRNRvn bvt @l`v pRr` vQk`Xny kQrWmyQ. @m| nQs`
m`nv hQmQkm| @v@L[`m iw`mw~ l`xq`yW v&`p`ryk~ bvt pw~vW a#w#yQ
p#h#qQlQ @v|.
@m| awr psRgQy 6 v#nQq` @k`LB @b_q~{`@l`~k m`v@w~ pQhQtQ
ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ k`r\y`ly mLvRn~ anRs~mrNy kQrW@m| s~}`nyk~
bvt pw~vQy. @k`tQ wYs~wv`qWhR mQygQy wYs~wyn~ smrN a`k`ryt m
ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ k`r\y`ly wOL q mQygQy s~@vc|C` @s~vkyn~@g~
C`y`r$p wb` It ml~qm| pL[` wQbQNQ. @mhQqW rFs~v sQtQ pQrQs a#mwS
ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ shn sm|bn~{Wk`rk @j`~n~ @h`l~ts~ pYk`Xyk~
krmQn~ mRwSr\hQqW mQygQy shn @s~vkyn~ q`hw~@qn` sm|bn~{v
prWk;N kdQnm| krn~n#yQ rj@yn~ il~l` sQtQ@y~y.
e@hw~ @m| ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ shn @s~v` nQl{`rQy` a#f~gnQs~w`n@y~qW
@n~@t`~ gOvn~ pYh`rvlt @g`qEr# vR s`m`n& v#sQyn~ g#n vQmr\Xny
krn @ls a#mrQk`nR rj@yn~ il~l` n#w.
@k`tQ sAvQ{`ny XWY lAk`@v| @q~Xp`ln sh a`rk;k n`ykw~vy vns`
q#mWm s[h` avs~}`v enwOr# bl` sQtQq~qW s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`n h`
ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ q#dQ nQhV pYwQpw~wQyk~ anRgmny
krwQ.
@m| nQs` rjy @j`~n~ @h`~l~tQs~ v#n~nn~@g~ hVt svn~ qQy yRwO
q? @m| an~q@m| @w`rwOr# @mm swQ@y~qW an`vrNy @vq~qW @w`p~pQgl
@m@hyRmt sm|bn~{ vQ@X~; blk`@y~ a#l~p` kN~d`ym h` ehQ aN@qn
nQl{`rWn~@g~ vgwOg @hLQ kQrWmt rj@y~ vQq&Rw~ m`{& vQsQn~ kQYy`
krn lqW. @myt @pr swQ@y~ q apQ @m| bv kQy` sQtQ@ymR.
qQgO qEr @m@hyRm| kQYy`vlQyn~ s[h` @y`q` gn~@n~ a#l~p`
bLk`yyQ. "jnw`vt @w`rwOr# eLQqk~vn~n e@hw~ swOrn~t @w`rwOr#
eLQ@n`qk~vn~n" y#yQ bQYw`n&@y~ hQtpR yRq @s@nvQykO vR
vQn~sn~tQ cr\vQl~ kWpvw`vk~ m pvs` wQbQNQ. e@hw~ @l`~k@y~ vQ@X~;
hmRq` kN~d`ym| swOrn~t eLQ@n`q#k~vQy yRwOy yn pQLQ@vw @n`qw~
aZ`nyn~ vQq&Rw~ r$p mgQn~ a#l~p` kN~d`ym mRUmnQn~m @hLQ kLh.
mQn~ sQqE vR h`nQy sRUptR @n`@v|. a#l~p` kN~d`ym kvRr#n~ q
h` ehQ xtyn~@g~ C`y`r$p q @p`tQtR am|m`n~@g~ prQgNk pq~{wQyt
a#wOLw~ vQy.
pY{`n swOr` @k`tQ sAvQ{`ny vW a#wQ vQ@tk yRq hmRq`@v| vQ@X~;
e~kkvl vWdQ@y`~pt rj@y~ m vQq&Rw~ m`{& lv` vQk`Xny vWmt id
sls~vn @vnw~ rtvl~ @l`v n#w. pYx`krn~@g~ bRq~{Q aAXyt wm wYs~w
ktyRwO @gn y$mt phsR vW a#w~@w~ @m| nQs` y. @m| ww~w~vy mw a#l~p`
kN~d`ym pmNk~ @n`v ovRn~@g~ pvRl~vl ay@g~ jWvQw q anwOr#q`yk
ww~w~vyt pw~kr a#w. IXY`yl@y~ vQq&Rw~ m`{& @m@ls kL` nm| @qY`~hQw~vy
mw ovRn~t e@rhQv kQYy`krnR nQywy.
pYx`krn~ @k`tR kL vdm`rc|cQ @m@hyRm qQyw~ kL lEwQnn~ jnr`l~
@dn~sQl~ @k`b|b$kdRv a#wOU hmRq` nQl{`rWhR qs@q@nk~ ar`lQwOdR@v|qW
@b`~m|bykt @g`qEr# vW@m| sQq~{Q@y~ 15 v#nQ s#mr#m q psRgQy a@g`~s~wO
8 v#nQq`t @yqW wQbQNQ. 1992 vs@r\ sQqEvR @mm an@p~k;Qw sQq~{Q@yn~
brpwl wOv`l lw~ @k`b|b$kdRv mhw`t pYwQk`r lb`qWm q brpwl
ayRrQn~ pYm`q kr wQbRNQ. @k`b|b$kdRv mhw` rFgw~ @hLQ@k`p~try
jyvr\{npRr @r`~hl @vw p#mQ@NnR a#w#yQ v`r\w` vWm nQs` ehQ Xl&
@@vq&vr# sh @hqQyn~ @r`~hl~ aAgnyt p#mQN sRq`nm|v sQQtQyqW
ovRn~t q#n g#nWmt l#bR@N~ vQX~myjnk qr\XnykQ. e~ as`{& ww~w~v@y~
sQtQ @k`b|b$kdRv mhw` rFgw~ @hLQ@k`p~try @r`~hl ah@s~ kWpvw`vk~
m k#r@kn ayRr#yQ. anwOr#v em @hLQ@k`p~try rw~ml`n gOvn~ @w`tRplt
p#mQN wQ@b|. ehQqW @k`b|b$kdRv mhw` sQtQ @tY`lQy vQn`dQ 10 k~
gQnQav|@v| wb` wQbR bv s`k;QvlQn~ an`vrNy vQy.
ar`lQwOdR@v| @b`~m|b pQpQrW@m| sQq~{Qy g#n vQvQ{ mw pL@vq~qW
vsr kWpykt psR bQYw`n&@y~ vyQtQ nm#wQ pRpRrN qYv& vQ@X~;Zy`
vQsQn~ @b`~m|by wQbR@N~ @p`Lv yt q e@s~w~ n#w~nm| v`hn@y~ svQ
kQrW@mn~ q yn~n g#n an`vrNy krn lqW.
vyQtQ@g~ nQgmny vR@y~ @k`b|b$kdRv a#wOU hmRq` nQl{`rWhR
pQrQs G`wny vR @b`~m|by wQbR@N~ hmRq` rQ@y~ bvw~ ey qErs~}
p`lkyk~ mgQn~ pRpRr#v` h#r a#wQ bvw~ y.
e@s~ m em hmRq` l$n~d|@r`~vr\ jWp~ rQy pv` pn`@g`d hmRq`
k[vR@r\ @p`w~pw~vl sthn~ vW @n`wQbR bv q s`k;QvlQn~ an`vrNy
vQy.
@k`tQ sAvQ{`ny @dn~sQl~ @k`b|b$kdRv a#wOU pQrQs G`wny
kQrWmt @b`~m|by vL q#mR@v| nm| wOv`l lw~ @k`b|b$kdRv rFgw~ @hLQ@k`p~tr\
y`n`v jyvr\{npRr @r`~hl ah@s~ k#rkO@N~ kOmk~ nQs`q?
apr`{ vsn~ kQrWmt uw~s`h kLw~ ym|qQ@nk apr`{kr# an`vrNy vnR
a#w#yQ a#@lk~s#n~dr\ dRm` nm#wQ mh` gw~kr#v` vrk~ p#vsWy.
@k`b|b$kdRv, vQjy vQmlrw~n a#wOU hmRq` nQl{`rWn~@g~ G`wnvlt
vsr 15 k~ spQ@rn avs~}`@v|qW kQv h#k~@k~ eyyQ. @m| G`wn pQLQb[
awWwy a`vr\jny krn vQt @b`@h`~@qn` pvsn~@n~ G`wny vWm g#n
pmNkQ. G`wky` kvRr#n~q#yQ p#vsWmt ov|hR bQyk~ qk~vwQ.
qYvQd kQymnk s[hn~ vn~@n~ qEn~n g#n mQs qEnRv`y` g#n pvsn~@n~
n#wQ bvyQ. ar`lQwOdR@v|qW a#wQ vR sQq~{Q@y~qW sQqE vW a#w~@w~
eyyQ. @m| awr @k`tQn~ s#h#l~lE gOvn~ y`n` p#qvWm h` @k`tQ
kN~d`ymk~ gOvn~ y`n` iAjQ@n~r# XQl~py h#q$r#@v| @k@s~q yn~n
bRq~{Q aAX mgQn~ psRgQy k`ly wOL vQmr\Xnyk~ krnR l#bWy.
e@hw~ yRk~@r\n@y~ gOvn~ y`n` iAjQ@n~r# XQl~py h#q$rWm s[h`
sQsRn~ b[v` gn~n` bvt ek~wr` a`ywnyk~ vQsQn~ s[hn~ kr wQ@b|.
@k`tQ sAvQ{`ny gOvn~ e~kkyk~ pQhQtRv` wQbQyqW a`rk;k am`w&`AX@y~
avsrykQn~ @w`rv yRk~@r\n@y~ pRhRNRvWm|vlt @mrt pQrQs~ y#vQy h#kQq?
gOvn~ hmRq`@v| bRq~{Q aAXy @m| g#n vQmr\Xny @n`krn~@n~ mn~q?
wmQl~n`dR@v| pY{`n @p@L~ @k`tQ a`{`rkr#vkO vR @ndRr`mn~ s#p~w#m|br\
12 v#nQq` r`@m|X~vrm| sQt @k`tQn~t o_;{ h` a`h`r @w`g @gn e~mt
sRq`nm| vn bvt v`r\w` vR@y~ q @m| swQ@y~yQ. e@hw~ @ndRr`mn~t
XWY lAk` mRhRqE kl`pyt a#wOUvWmt id @n`@qn bv in~qWy @vrL`rk;k
@s~v`v pvs` wQ@b|. pYx`krn~@g~ smWpwm sgykO vR @ndRr`mn~ XWY
lAk`@v| mRhRqE sWm`v hrh` a#wOU vRv@h`w~ ohR aw~adAgOvt gn~n#yQ
a`rk;k bl{`rWhR XWY lAk` n`vQk hmRq`vt nQ@y`~g kr a#w.
@k`tQ sAvQ{`ny psRgQy jRnQ m`s@y~qW @ndRr`mn~v s~vQtQsr\ln~w@y~
jQnWv` nRvrt @gn @g`s~ ohR lv` XWY lAk` rjy qYvQdyn~ sAh`r@y~
@y@qn bvt pYk`X kLw~ em uw~s`hy s`r\}k vR@y~ n#w.
@m| awr XWY lAk`@vn~ b#h#rv yn @n`~r\@v| w`n`pwQ h#n~s~
bYtQs~k`r\ avsn~ vrt q s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`n j`lyt sm|bn~{ pQrQs~
h` @n`~r`d| sAvQ{`n@y~ armRql~ lb`gw~ vQvQ{ p`r\X~vyn~ k#[v`
s`qyk~ pvw~vnR l#bWy. h#n~s~ bYtQs~k`r\ @vnRvt pw~ kr a#w~@w~
@t`@r\ h`tQ@rm| nm#wQ @j&;~T w`n`pwQ nQl{`rQ@ykQ.
@k`tQn~ avQ qrq~qW kr#N`@g~ p`r\X~vy nQr`yR{ kQrWm s[h`
vQvQ{ p`r\X~vyn~ gw~ uw~s`hyn~ q s`r\}k vR@y~ n#w. a@p~
a`rk;`v whvRr# vR vQt apQ sn~nq~{ aAXy vQsRr#v` hrQn~@nmR y#yQ
kr#N`@g~ pk;y kQy` sQtQ@y~y. @mm swQ@y~ a`rk;k krLQy wOL @mv#nQ
@w`rwOr# an`vrNy @vq~qW @k`LB @k`tQ pYc`rk e~kky vQsQn~ wvw~
@m@hyRmk~ qQyw~ kr a#w. e~ @p`lQs~ nQl a#[EmQn~ s#rsW sn~nq~{
pQrQs~ qYvQd wr#Nyn~t @k`LBQn~ pQtv yn @ls wr\jny krn bvt
pYc`ry kQrWmyQ.
@myt smg`mWv @k`tQn~t pk;p`wW s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`n alEwQn~
an~wr\j`l @vb| advQ a`rm|x krmQn~ wQYkON`ml@y~ avw#n~vRvn~
awQXy qE;~kr jWvQwyk~ gw krn bvt pYc`ryk~ vQk`Xny kr a#w. @m|
an~wr\j`l @vb| advQy a`rm|x kL w#n#w~w` kvRr#n~q#yQ q#n~ @hLQ
vW wQ@b|.
XWY lAk`@v| pRrv#sQ m`{&@v|qQy` nmQn~ h[En~v` gnQmQn~
a`rm|x kr a#wQ @m| @k`tQn~t pk;p`wW @vb| advQ@yn~ pvs` a#w~@w~
hmRq`pwQ G`wn pYyw~n@yn~ psR yRq hmRq`v wQYkON`ml@y~
ecQln~pw~wO gm|m`nyt @m`~t`r\ sh @r`ktQ pYh`r el~l kL bvyQ.
mQn~ p#h#qQlQ vn~@n~ vn~nQ @k`tQ @b|r` g#nWmt @mrt s~@vc|C`
sAvQ{`n vQX`l @m@hyRmk~ arB` a#wQ bvyQ.
@m| awr ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ m`nR;Qk ktyRwO pQLQb[ nQ@y`~jQw @j`~n~
@h`~l~m|s~ pYk`Xyk~ krmQn~ iw` ik~mnQn~m kr#N`@g~ p`r\X~vy
nQr`yR{ kL yRwO y#yQ XWY lAk` rjy @vw kQy` sQtQ@y~y.
@j`~n~ @h`~l~m|s~ @m| pYk`Xy k@L~ @k`tQn~ avQ qrq~qWy. rjy
@j`~n~ @h`l~m|s~@g~ il~lWm itR kL yRwOq? ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~
sAvQ{`ny @k`tQn~t nQr`yR{ vn~n#yQ @n`kQyn~@n~ mn~q?
m`nR;Qk ktyRwO g#n @s`y` b#lWmt p#mQNQ ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ nQ@y`~jQwy`
kr#N`v nQr`yR{ kL yRwO y#yQ kL il~lWm nQs` @k`tQ sAvQ{`ny
awQXyQn~m swOtt pw~ vQy. ovRn~ eq` sQtm @mm il~lWm kr wQbRNQ.
e@hw~ vn~nQ @k`tQ h` kr#N` p`r\X~vy awr a#wQ ar\bRqyt rjy m#qQhw~vQy
yRwOq? @mm il~lWmt psRgQy sQkOr`q` @k`tQn~@g~ sQylEm an~wr\j`l
@vb| advQvl mRl~w#n qW wQbQNQ.
XWY
lAk` qErkwn gY`hk j`l@yn~ pQtw cn~qYQk` sn~nQ@v|qn pq~{wQ @gne~@m|
lAk` km|kr# @k`n~gYs@y~ axQrhs~ kQYy`q`my kOmk~q?
