m` b`l k`@l~
a@p~ b`l k`ly hrQ qQgyQ
e~w~ qr#vn~@g b`l k`ly It vd` @ktQyQ
mh`c`r\y sRnn~q m@h~n~qY

w`w~w` iqhQt uwOr# kUwr XWY sRmAgl p`@r\ pRlQnwl`r`m@y~ v#d
vQsR @b|r#vl sQrQ nQv`s h`mRqEr#vn~ mRN g#@sn~n gQy`. e~ yq~qQ
mmyQ, ak~kyQ, ayQyyQ, ml~lQyQ ek~k@gn ynv`. w`w~w` apQv pn~s@l~
@p`w~ gOlt yvl` h`mRqEr#vn~ ek~k @l`kO s`kc|C`vk~ ptn~ gn~nv`.
apQ @p`w~ blnv`, blnv` ivryk~ n#h#. hQwQn~ b#n b#n @p`w~ blnv`.
nmRw~ ew#nQn~ l#bR a`x`;y @m@wk#yQ kQy` kQyn~n b#h#. wv mt
mwkyQ pRAcQ k`@l~ apQ mRn~@n~s~vrm| ynv`. krw~wyk vdk~k @g`n~nR
@qn~@nk~ b#[l` eLQvnwOr# apQ ynv`."
@qv#nQ @l`~k yRq~{y p#vwQ k`l@y~ gm|ph sWqEv alvwOpQtQy
gm|m`n@y~ mh` vQX`l s`m|pYq`yQk mh @gqrk upn~ sRnn~q m@h~n~qY
aq vn vQt pYvWN sn~nQ@v|qk@ykO @lsw~, mh`c`r\yvr@ykO @lsw~ @mrt
pmNk~ @n`v vQ@q~XWy vX@yn~ q pYkt w#n#w~@wkQ. @k`LB, k#lNQy, @p~r`@qnQy,
jyvr\{npRr pmNk~ @n`v y`pny vQX~v vQq&`l@y~ q @s~vy kr a#wQ
ohR aqtw~ in~ b#h#r vW n#w.
gOvn~ vQqElQ sn~nQ@v|qn k`r\y@yhQl` pY`@y`~gQk @m@hvkr @yqW
sQtQn @h@wm 1968 qW bQYw`n& gOvn~ vQqElQ@y~ vQ@q~X @s~v`vn~hQ
@h`[m nQ;~p`qk @ls sm|m`nyt q p`wY vQy. @p`qE r`j& mN~dlWy
sn~nQ@v|qk wrgykQn~ @qv#nQ s~}`nyw~, @p`~ln~w rj@yn~ @k`pr\nQks~
sm|m`nyw~, ed|vWn` bvRn~ m#tQs~ sm|m`ny h` a{Q XQ;&w~vyw~ lq
sRnn~q m@h~n~qYyn~t ln~dn~ vQX~v vQq&`l@yn~ lb`gw~ up`{Q
wOnk~m a#w. ohR a`c`r\y up`{Qy lb`@gn a#w~@w~ q ln~dn~ vQX~v
vQq&`l@ynQ. in~qQy`@v| hyQqY`b`q~ vQX~v vQq&`lyt anRbq~{ a#mrQk`nR
a{&yn @k~;~wY@yn~ XQ;&w~vyk~q hv`yQ vQX~v vQq&`lyt anRbq~{ @prqQg
h` aprqQg bq~{ onlRlE hQ e~k`bq~{ @s~v` sm|m`ny q ohRt hQmQ
vQy.
bQYw`n&@y~ @w`rwOr# pQLQb[ m`{& @k;~wY@y~ prQvr\wk@ykO @ls
ktyRwO kL mh`c`r\y sRnn~q m@h~n~qY@y`~ @ls~tr\ vQX~v vQq&`l@y~
q k}Qk`c`r\yvr@ykO @ls @b`@h`~ klk~ ktyRwO k@L`~ y. ew#nQn~ @n`n#vwW
ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ @l`~k a`h`r sAvQ{`n@y~ sRU @g`vQ sAvQ{`nyn~hQ
sn~nQ@v|qn gOr#vr@ykO @lsw~, @l`~k @s_K& sAvQ{`n@y~ pr\@y~;k@ykO
@lsw~ ktyRwO kr wQ@b|.
ohR lQyR @p`w~ pw~ vQX`l pYm`Nyk~ awrQn~ @svN#lQ a#q
mQnQs~sR, nQr#vw~ @qvQvr#, C`y` pY`n~wy, jn kQymn~, pRr`@n`~k~wQ
sAgYhy, @s`kYtWs~ n`t& @pL h` o|g wrNy yn k^wQ vQXQ;~t
sm|m`nyt p`wY vW a#w.rn~ vn~ pw~ n#lvWl` - gh@k`L sRLMt n#vQl`
a`qW vX@yn~ vR "kOd` @q~vQk`..." gWwy lQy` a#w~@w~q mh`c`r\y
sRnn~q m@h~n~qYyn~ vQsQnQ.
sQy nvwm nvkw` gYn~}y vR "nQr`lm|bny" a@g`~s~wO 16 v#nQq`
eLQq#k~vWmt q mh`c`r\y sRnn~q m@h~n~qY q#ntmw~ sRq`nmQn~ sQtW.
ohR @m@wk~ p#mQNQ vsr h#w~w$vkt a`sn~n gmn~ m@g~ qW ohRt qQrQy
svQy vR @y`~{ @svN#lQ kQhQpykQ. mv, pQy`, mv@g~ mh @gqr prQsry,
gOr#vr# in~ iw`m v#qgw~ w#nk~ gnW.
vQq`nl`@g~ m`r\tQn~ @hn~rQ q @ml~ ynR sRnn~q@g~ pQy` vn awr
mv lQlQym| m`gYtQ vWrsRrQy nm| vRv`y. pQy` a`qryt mvt a#mwO@v|
"lQlW bb`" ynR@vnQ. sQylRm vr\g@y~ s@h`~qr s@h`~qrQyn~ hwr@q@nkOt
@k~n~qYgw vR sRnn~q b`l k`l@y~ ptn~ vQmr\XnXWlQ pRq~gl@ykO mQs
qMk`r qdm|br@ykO @n`vWy. pRAcQ am|ml` @qn~@nk~ h` m`ml` hy @q@nkO@g~
nQrn~wr a`qry kr#N`v lq sRnn~q sh ohR@g~ s@h`~qr s@h`~qrQyn~
v`sn`vn~w@y`~ vRh. sQy @qv#nQ m`m` gOs~wQ stn~ kl`v pYgON kL
w#n#w~@wkO vR nQs`m sRnn~qt q gOs~wQ stn~ kl`@v| uNRsRm wrmk~
q#nW wQbQNQ. aq t q avX& vn~@n~ ey sQhQpw~ kr g#nWm pmNQ.
"a@p~ sWy` rNmRK@g~ c`l~s~ pWrQs~ @@vq&rw~n wmyQ alvwOpQtQy
g@m| hQtQy @l`kOm @vq mhw~wy`. sWy`@g~ mh @gqr apQ n#vwQl`
hQtQy`. @m| mh @gqr adQ wQhkt v#dQy qQg qQg~ @gyk~ wQbRN`. m#q
mQqElk~, {`wO w#n~pw~ kr wbn bRqE k`mryk~, @vq k`mryk~, wvw~
k`mr @g`dk~, pRs~@k`L @p`w~ w#n~pw~ kr w#bR kUvr al~m`rQyk~,
h`n~sQ pRtR hyk~, s#b$ bl~@l`~ h#r @l`kO sQ@mn~wQ bl~@l` @qn~@nk~
hQtQy`. It amwrv pRAcQ am|ml`, m`ml` hQtQy`. a@p~ w`w~w` @s_K&
prWk~;kvr@yk~ @ls @s~vy kL`. @s_K& @w`rwOr# mhjnw`vt pYc`ry
kQrWm s[h` krn vQXQ;~t @s~vy @vnR@vn~ lAk`@v| pY}m vrt rn~
pqk~kmk~ qQn` gw~@w~ a@p~ w`w~w` yQ. "@w~ p#n~ qQn qQn v#dQ v#dQ@y~
bW@mn~ sQr#rt s#p v#dQ@v|" gWwy lQv|@vw~ w`w~w` myQ. e~kw~ @s_K&
pNQvQdyk~ shQw gWwyk~ v@g~m psR k@lk @b@hvQn~ jnpQYy vRN`.
w`w~w` @s_K& pNQvRd @bqmQn~ rt pRr` a#vQqQnv`. apQ @gqr hQtQy`.
nQv`dRvk~ l#bRNR gmn~ w`w~w` @gqr env`. a`v @vl`@v| iql` apt
ugn~vnv`. al~m`rQ@y wQbRNR pRj`vlQy, j`wk @p`w, mRv @qv|q`vw,
ss[`vw a`qQ p#rNQ @p`w~ sQyl~l apQ kQyvQy yRwOyQ. w`w~w` e~
g#n pYX~n krnv`. u@q~ p`n~qr apQv a#h#rvnv`. {m|m pqy kQyvn~nt
o|@n~. mmyQ, ak~kyQ wmyQ bQl~lt ahR@vn~@n. b#rQ @vl`vw~
vrq~qn~n b#h#. v#rqE@N`w~ b#nRm| wmyQ. apt iAgWYsQ ig#n~nR@vw~
w`w~w`yQ.
h#mq`m w`w~w` apt kQv|@v| X`s~wYyt gr# krn~n o|@n~. n#w~nm|
hrQyn~@n~ n#h# kQylyQ. a@p~ w`w~w` {r\mQ;~t @k@nk~. kvq`vw~
a{r\mQ;~t v&`p`ryk~ k@L~ n#h#. jWvQw@y~ an~wQm k`@l~ irQq`
is~@k`~@lk ig#n~nRv`. w`w~w` @gqr a`v`m @s_Ky pNQvQd shQw gWw
lQyl`, w`w~w` m wnRv q`l`, w`w~w`m g`yn` krnv`. apQw~ vt@vl`
ah@gn in~nv`. w`w~w` LMQn~ a#sRr# kL y`U@v`~ kQhQp@q@nk~ hQtQy`.
mh`c`r\y gONp`l mll@s~kr, sr\ @w`~ms~ amrsRrQy, es~.en~. q
sQl~v`, pW. q es~ kOlrw~n , em|. db|lQv|. kr#N`nn~q en~.em|.
@p@r\r` , iq hQt dW.ef~ k`rQykrvn mhw`w~ a@p~ @gqr a`v`. ovRn~
h` w`w~w` awr sQqEvn kw` bh pRAcQ k`@l apt @w~r#m| gn~nw~ am`r#yQQ.
r@tQ @w`@tQ @q~vl~ v@g~ m hrvw~ X`s~wWYy kw` bh sQqE vRN`.
w`w~w` iqhQt uwOr# kUwr XWY sRmAgl p`@r\ pRlQnwl`r`m@y~ v#d
vQsR @b|r#vl sQrQ nQv`s h`mRqEr#vn~ mRN g#@sn~n gQy`. e~ yq~qQ
mmyQ, ak~kyQ, ayQyyQ, ml~lQyQ ek~k@gn ynv`. w`w~w` apQv pn~s@l~
@p`w~ gOlt yvl` h`mRqEr#vn~ ek~k @l`kO s`kc|C`vk~ ptn~ gn~nv`.
apQ @p`w~ blnv`, blnv` ivryk~ n#h#. hQwQn~ b#n b#n @p`w~ blnv`.
nmRw~ ew#nQn~ l#bR a`x`;y @m@wk#yQ kQy` kQyn~n b#h#. wv mt
mwkyQ pRAcQ k`@l~ apQ mRn~@n~s~vrm| ynv`. krw~wyk vdk~k @g`n~nR
@qn~@nk~ b#[l` eLQvnwOr# apQ ynv`."
X`s~wWYy @p`w pw a#sRr# krn~nt b`l k`l@y~ lq avs~}`vn~ nQs`
m aq ohR@g~ X`s~wY g@v|Xny pRUl~ vW wQ@b|. e~ hrh` bQhQ vR
X`s~wWYy @p`w pw q @b`@h`~y. yRq~{ k`l@y~ upn~ a@ykO nQs` yRq~{@y~
aw~q#kWm| q ohRt @n`adRv l#bQNQ.
"apQ yRq~{ k`@l~ mh @gqrQn~ eLQyt gQhQn~ p`r ayQ@n~ w#nk
bQA @gyk~ h#qEv`. ps~ tQk tQk h`rl` ivw~ krl` @qp#w~@wn~ @k`n~kWYtQ
w`p~p @qkk~ b#n~q`. bQmt p`qEr# q`l` apQ h#@m`~m bQm v`tQ @vl`
hQtQy`. bQA@gt yq~qW a@p~ @gqr wQbRNR @l`kO e@k`~ @r\dQ@y`~vyQ,
ml wQ@yn gY#m@f`~n~ ekyQ ar@gn gQy`. @r\dQ@y`~v q#m|m` m yRq~@{
g#n @w`rwOr# l#bRN`. km|m#lQ hQwON`m gY#m@f`~ny q`nv`. on~n
iwQA a`c|cQt wrh` ynv`. gY`m@f`~n~ e@k~ cr cr g`n sq~@qt ah@s~
p~@l~n~ ynv` a#@hn~@n~ n$ kQyl` a`c|cQ kQynv`. am|ml`, w`w~wl`,
a`c|cQl`, yRq~@{t b@y~ in~n a#wQ. e~w~ pRAcQ apt nm| bQA @g~
a#wO@l~ @gvRNR k`ly hrQ amRwO vQ@n`~qyk~ @gn qEn~n`. yRq~{y
ivr vRN`. sWy`t q`nykOw~ qQl` apQ a`psR mh @gqrt gQy`".
mh @g~ a`sn~n@y~ wrmk @l`kO km|mlk~ wQbRNR awr ehQ qW
hrkOn~t l`dn~ gsn ayRr# sRnn~q kOd` avqQ@y~ qW q#dQ vQpr@mn~
yRwOv bl` sQtQ@y~y. wvw~ qvsk @p`l~ kdn~nt ght gQy pRq~gl@ykO
g@hn~ v#tW m#@rn h#tQ ohR qEtR@v|y. wvw~ qvsk @k@nkO qQ@y~ gQ@Ln
ayRr# ohR q#k wQbQNQ. @g~ asl pQqEr# mdRvk wr#N yRvlk~ nQr#vwQn~
ovR@n`vRn~ h` @vlW sQtQn ayRr# q#k ckQwytw~, bQytw~ pw~ vR
sRnn~q wm` qEtR @q~ kQsQ@vkOtw~ @n`kQy` sQtWmt p@rs~sm| vR@y~
y. in~ psR qQnk mQqE@l~ qEv p#n sQt s#M@vn~nt sQw` sWy`@y~ {`wO
k`mryt yq~qW ehQ q wr#N yRvLk~ nQr#vwQn~ @vLQ sQtQnR q#k ohR
vh`m @q`r @rq~qt mRv` vW mq @v|l`vk~ e@qs bl` sQtQ@y~ y. @mv#nQ
@b`@h`~ sQp v#L[g#nWm| @pm| bs~ @q`dn ayRr#, mgOl~wOl` vn h#tQ
b`l k`l@y~ ohR@g~ q$st qElx @n`vWy. ev#nQ sQqEvWm| mw @g`dn#gONR
kOwOhly nQs` m mgOl~ a#[, mMOl~ q` rH, s~wWY cQkQw~s`vlQy, mr#mRs~,
mkON`, n#n~qm|m`, pr\fQyRm| g`d|n~, ltpt (sMr`) , awQrs (sMr`)
@pm| kvQ @w`tQl~l a`qW k^wQ v#dQhQtQyn~t @n`@p@nn~nt @h`r rh@s~
kQyvnnt sRnn~q @pLBQNQ. psR k@lk @mv#nQ awWw sQq~{Wn~ pQLQb[v
ohR mh`c`r\y eqQrQvWr src|cn~qYyn~t p#vsR vQt It pQLQwOr# l#bW
a#w~@w~ "ob@g~ nQr\m`N gQnQ pRpRr is~mwO @vl` wQ@yn~@n~ @m| @q~vl~
hrh`@n~" kQy` y. epmNk~ @n`v eU@vkO G`wnyt lk~ krn ayRr# q
sRnn~q q#k wQbR@N~ vys avRr#qE h@w~ qWy.
"eUv` mrpR @kn` hmR vRNR @vl`vk oy` pv|k`r v#dk~ kL` @n~q
ar sw`v m#r#v`...a`qQ vX@yn~ mm b#n v#qEn`. kvR@q`~ m@g~
pQtQps~@sn~ a#vQw~ kt v#hRv`. apQ @h`[ @b_q~{ prQsryk h#qENR
nQs` pv|k`r v#d pQLQkOl~ kL`."
mh @gqr a`sn~n@y~ pQhQtQ b#n~dQymRl~@l~ a`nn~q vQq&`lyt
mRlQn~ m gQy sRnn~q m@h~n~qY ehQ vsr wOnk k`lyk~ akOr# k@L~y.
e~ awr pQy`t nRvr mh @r`~hlt uss~vWmk~ l#bQNQ. qQgQn~ qQgtm
pQy` @s_K& @k;~wY@y~ v`r\w` pQt v`r\w` wbmQn~ uss~vWm| k~;NQkv
lbq~qW sRnn~qw~, ohR@g~ ayQy` h` ml~lWw~ mhnRvr {r\mr`j vQq&`lyt
a#wOLw~ @krQNQ. sQy ak~k` uss~ b`lQk`vt gQy awr pvR@l~ avsn~
s`m`jQk`v vR nAgW nRvrqW @m@L`v eLQy qEtRv` y.
"nAgW l#@bq~qW am|m`t @g`dk~ asnWp vRN`. w`w~w` qn~n bthQr
@@vq& kYmyw~, am|m` qn~n @q~XQy @@vq& kYmyw~ pY@y`~gQkv nQwr
x`vQw @vn~n ptn~ gw~w`. am|m` qn~n mn~wryk~ wQbRN`. pRAcQ k`@l
mt mwkyQ. am|m` aw~ @b@hw~ hrQyt q#n@gn hQtQy`. sQq~{`r\} @wlyQ,
sr\v vQs`qQyyQ am|m` nQwr x`vQw kL`. w`w~w` e~v`t ep` kQv|@v|
n#h#. w`w~w` @gqr k`thrQ asnWpyk~ brpwl vRN`m @p`wk~ bll`
@b@hw~ krnv`. e~ @p`@w~ h#m @ldk~ g#nm, pYwQk`r g#nm sthn~ @vl`
wQbRN`. sWy`@g~ @p`w~vlQn~ sQAhl @vqkmw~, w`w~w`@g~ @p`w~vlQn~
bthQr @@vq& kYmyw~ g#n @b`@h`~ @q~ q#ngn~n mt h#kQ vRN`.
mhnRvr {r\mr`j vQq&`l@yn~ a{&`pny hq`rN k`l@y~ iAgQYsQ x`;`v
pQLQb[ q#nRm v#dQqQyRNR vRN`. mt mwkyQ em|. sRxYmnQym| kQyl`
gOr#vr@yk~ wmyQ iAgWYsQ ig#n~nR@v|. ohR iw` qk~; @ls ig#n~vWm|
kL`. p`s@l~qW mm ewrm| vQ;yy b`hQr ktyRwOvl @yqE@n~ n#h#. @b`@h`m
nQhdv, nQX~Xb|qv @p`w~ pw~ kQyvmQn~ p`s@l~ ktyRwO kL`. uss~ @pL
krn~n @k`LB a`nn~q vQq&`lyt gQy`. e~ aw@r\ gOvn~ vQqElQ
sAs~}`vt sm|bn~{ @vl` sn~nQ@v|qn ktyRwO kL`. vQX~v vQq&`l
kQhQpyk k}Qk`c`r\yvr@ykO @ls ktyRwO krn aw@r\ @k`LB vQX~v vQq&`l@y~
XQ;&`vk~ smM h`qkmk~ ptn~ gw~w`. a#@g~ ayQy` m@g~ @h`[ mQwO@rk~
nQs` a#y m`v It @pr ayQy`@g~ mQwO@rkO @ls h[En`@gn hQtQy`. @k`LB
vQX~v vQq&`l@y~ qW a#y m@g~ @g`~l@ykO bvtw~ pw~ vRN`. apQ
vQv`h @vl` eAgln~wyt gQy`. bQYw`n& gOvn~ vQqElQ@y~ (bW.bW.sW)
vsr wOnk~ s[h` mt rFkQy`v l#bRN`. pLmRv#nQ qr#v` ipqE@n~
eAgln~w@y~ qWyQ. ohR rs`yn vQq&`v pQLQb[ a`c`r\y up`{Q{`rQ@yk~
v@g~ m eAgln~w@y~ @rdQA vQX~v vQq&`ly@y~ a`c`r\yvr@yk~ @ls
q#n~ ktyRwO krnv`. @qv#nQ pRw` ln~dn~ @r`~hlk @@vq&vr@yk~. b`l
pRw` k#lNQy vQX~v vQq&`l@y~ x`;` a{&yny pQLQb[ up`{Qy hqr`nv`.
ohR avsn~ vs@r\ avs`n vQx`gytw~ psRgQy swQ@y~ @pnW sQtQy`. ey`
@m`n rtkt yyQq kQyl` kQyn~n qn~@n~ n#h#. mmyQ bQrQ[yQ @gqr hR@qkl`
@v|vQ. @vn iwQA @m`nv`q...a@p~ LmyQn~@g~w~ b`l k`ly q#n~ ivryQ@n~.
e~ ayw~ @gqrQn~ eh` @l`~ky @s`y` y` yRwOyQ @n~. a@p~ b`l k`ly
hrQ qWr\GyQ. a@p~ qr#vn~@g~ b`l k`ly It vd` @ktQyQ. qr#vn~@g~
qr#vn~t Itw~ vd` @ktQ b`l k`lyk~ wQ@y~vQ. v#dQ klk~ b`l k`ly
rs vQn~q a@p~ prpRr hrQm v`sn`vn~wyQ"
wO;`rW kU@b`~vQl
C`y`r$p : nQml~ qy`rw~n