m#@l~sQy`@v|qW qEtR pRqEm wOnk~
vsr vQs~skQn~ bdR mQl ihL @n`gQy rt
m#@l~sQy`@v| k~v`l`l`m|pRr\ ngr@y~ ap gw kl qQn qhy wOl
pRqEm wOnk~ qEtR@vmQ. ehQ kpRtn~ n#w. qd`v@w~ yn bl~ln~q n#w.
hrkOn~q n#w. ILM awOr# pRqEmy nm| wYWvWl~q @n`m#wQvWmyQ. e@s~m
v`hnvl @h`~n~ Xb|qq asn~nt n#w.
jRnQ 3 vn qQn ap m#@l~sQy`v bl`gQ@y~ er@tQ 50 vn nQqhs~ u@Ll
@vnR@vn~ sAvQ{`ny kr wQbR @b_q~{ kl` h` sAs~k^wQk u@Llt shx`gW
vWm pQNQsyQ. cQwY h` nr\wn XQl~pW kN~d`ymk~ @ls ap ehQ gQ@y~
qQn phk~ wQs~@s~ p#v#wQ j`w&n~wr kl` h` sAs~k^wQk u@Ll @vnR@vnQ.
cWny, in~qEnWsQy`v, w`yQln~wy, in~qQy`v, tQ@btQ @q~Xy h` XYW
lAk`v v#nQ a`sQy` rtvl~ smRhyk kl`kr#@v`~ h` a`gmQk n`ykyn~ It
shx`gW vRh.
ap gw kL qQn 10 wOL m#@l~sQy`v pQLQb[v kQsQym| aqhsk~ a#wQkr
g#nWmt h#kQvR awr e~ s$m avs~}`vkm ap@g~ rt pQLQb[v a#wQvR@y~
@X`~k jnk sQwOvQl~lkQ. ap nQqhs lb`gw~@w~ 1948 qWy. m#@l~sQy`v
nQqhs~ vR@y~ 1957 qWy. ovRn~ 50 vn nQqhs~ u@Ll smrn vQt ap
avRr#qE 60 k~ wQs~@s~ @g`s~ a#w~@w~ iqQrQyt @n`v ps~st bv
sQwOnRv`r ann~wy. m#@l~sQy`@v| a#wQ mh` m`r\gvlt smkL h#kQ ekm
m`r\gyk~vw~ adR gN@n~ kQ@l`~ mWtr\ kQhQpyk~vw~ lAk`@v| @n`m#wQ
bv iw` kNg`tR@vn~ s[hn~ kL yRwOv a#w.
ovRn~ @m| qQyRNRv lb` a#w~@w~ psRgQy avRr#qE 20 awrwOrqWy.
It @pr m#@l~sQy`v aptw~ vd` @n`qQyRNR qQLQqE rtk~ vW wQbRNQ.
mhwWr\ @m`@h`md| mhw`@g~ pYwQsAs~krN wOL ovRn~ awQ vQX`l
qQyRNRvk~ lb` a#wQ bv b#lR b#l~mt @p@n~. k~v`l`l`m|pRr\ ngry
awQ sRn~qr @ls @g`d ng` a#w. ovRn~@g~ gOvn~ @w`tR@p`L @l`v @h`[m
gOvn~@w`tR@p`LyQ. @l`v usm @g`dn#gQl~l a#w~@w~q @m| ngr@y~y.
q~vQw~v kOUNR @ls nm| kr a#wQ @mm @y`~{ @g`dn#gQl~@l~ hQmQkr#v`
a`nn~q kYQs~nn~ nm| @qmL v&`p`rQky`y. ngr@y~ s$m w#nkm ekm
s#l#s~mkt s`qn lq wtQtR 20-25 @g`dn#gQlQ a#w. e~v` ekk pvRl~
100 pmN jWvw~vn wtQtR nQv`s @v|. ngr@y~ pQrQsQqE x`vy iw`
vQXQ;~Ty. bl~ln~t nQq#l~@l~ h#sQ@rn~nt @m| ngr@y~ @n`h#k.
mQnQsRn~t avX&nm| @gvl~ wOL bl~ln~ a#wQ kL h#k. It amwrv qd`v@w~
yn bl~ln~ h` hrkOn~ @m| ngryt avX& n#w. jr`vt pw~ kONR k`nR h`
kONR @g`dvl~ @n`m#w. e~ nQs` kpRtn~q n#w. ngr@y~ pmNk~ @n`v kQ.
mW. 200 a$w @p@qs~vl pv` ww~w~vy ey vQy.
m#@l~sQy`v jn jWvQwy iw` srly. jWvn brk~ wmn~t @n`m#wQ bv
jnw`v pvswQ. ovRhR vQX`l v#tRpk~q @n`lbwQ. s`m`n& km|kr#@vkO@g~
v#tRp rQhQtQ 1000 kQ (rQhQtQ 1 k~ ynR r#pQyl~ 30 kQ. @d`lryt
rQhQtQ 3 kQ.) ey jWvw~ vWmt @h`qtm pYm`Nvw~ bv ovRhR pvswQ.
ehQ a`r\}Qk ww~w~vy @mvn~ mtQtmk pvwQn~@n~ em r@tQ nQ;~p`qny
ihL ww~w~vyk pvwQn nQs`y. ap r@tQ @mn~ pQtrt a`{`r @h`~ pQtrt
x`N~dvlQn~ y#pWmk~ ehQ n#wQ wrm|y. bdR mQl mwk a#wQ k`lyk ihl
@g`s~ n#wQ bv mQnQs~sR kQywQ. ek~ a@ykO kW@v| avRr#qE 20 kQn~
bdR mQl v#dQ vW n#wQ bvyQ. ngr@y~ s$m v#sQ@ykOtm p`@h~ v`hnyk~
a#w. p`rvl v#dQpRrm q#kQy h#k~@k~ k`r\y. mgW bs~ gmn` gmny iw`
adRy. ehQ @wl~ mQlq iw` adRy. ey @mhQ @mn~ swQ@yn~ swQy v#dQ
vn~@n~ n#w.
ngry wOL vRvw~ mh` m`r\gvl gmn~ @v|gy p#yt kQ. mW. 100 @v|.
wnQ awt gmn~ krn {`vn p} 3 k~ @h`~ 4 k~ s$m m`r\gykm a#wQ nQs`
rQyqErn~t nQqh@s~ wm v`hny pqv`@gn gQy h#k. e@mn~m rQyqErn~@g~
vQny gr#k x`vyq agy kL yRwOy. ovRn~ kQsQ@vk~ nl` hVvmQn~ v`hny
@n`pqvwQ. m`r\g, nWwQ nQsQ prQqQ rkQmQn~ gmn~ krnvQt @h`~n~
avX& n#w. sAZ` eLQ asl v`hn nwr krn vQt hrQytm adQ 20 prwry a#wQv
v`hn n#v#w~vWm qr\XnWy qsRnkQ. p`rvl~vl v`hn hsRr#vn @p`lQs~
nQL{`rWhR @n`@vwQ. @mm qQn qhy wOLm ap qEtR@v| @p`lQs~
nQL{`rWn~ @q@q@nkQ. e~q v`hnyk gmn~ krq~qWy. rQyqErn~@g~ s~vyA
p`lny, nWwQ gr#kx`vy wOL @p`lQs~ nQL{`rWn~t v#d adR vW a#w.
ngry awQXyQn~ nQhVy. @v@Ln~qn~@g~ @G`~;`k`rW Xb|q n#w. nmRw~
ngry alEwQn~ @g`dngn vQt prN ngry @vLq`@mn~ h` jny`@gn~ pQrW
wvmw~ ek~ w#nk a@p~ pQt@k`tRv @mn~ pvwQn bvq @mhQl` s[hn~ kL
yRwOy.
b#rQyr\ @n`m#wQ vWmq wvw~ x`g&mw~ sLkONkQ. rjR@g~ m`LQgy
asltm mhjnw`vt y` h#k. hQwOmw@y~ C`y`r$p gw h#k. rjR h` p`lkyn~
bQ@yn~ @w`rv @mhQ jWvw~ @vwQ. m#wQ a#m#wQvr#n~ vt` a`rk;k
vLlEq @n`m#w. ehQ p#vwQ jnv`r\gQk yRq~{y ovRn~ mn`v vQsq`@gn
a#w. q#n~ sQyU j`wWn~ smgQv v`sy krwQ.
ngr@y~ a#wOU p`rvl~ b#rQyr\ a#w. e~ @p_q~glQk a`ywn vQsQn~
ndw~wO krn em p`rvl gmn~ krn v`hn vlQn~ bqE ay kQrWmty. eyq
krqrk`rW b#rQyr\ @n`@v|. wm v`hn@y~ gmn~ krn gmn~m qErs~}
p`lkyk~ mgQn~ dQjQtl~ w`k;N@yn~ bqE @gvQy h#k. em nQs` kQsQqE
pYm`qykOw~ sQqE@n`@v|. k~v`l`l`m|pRr\ ngr@y~ sQt kQ.mW. 200 k~
a$wQn~ pQhQtQ mlk~k`vt y`mt apt gw vR@y~ p#y 2 kQ.
m#@l~sQy`@v| jnghn@yn~ bhRwry m#@l~ j`wQkyn~ vn awr ovRhR
is~l`m| xk~wQk@y`~y. ILM bhRwr jnghny cWn vn awr ovRn~ pYm`N@yn~
m#@l~ j`wQkyn~t @qvn vn~@n~ sRU sAK&`vkQ. cWn jnw`v @b_q~{yn~y.
wOn~vn jn bhRwry @qmL j`wQkyn~y. sQAhl pvRl~ sQtQn~@n~ 3000 k~
pmNy. cWn h` @qmL j`wQkyn~ cWn@yn~ h` y`pn@yn~ h` qkONR in~qQy`@vn~
@g`s~ pqQAcQvRvn~y. vr\wm`n@y~ ehQ jWvw~vn~@n~ mWt vsr 100 kt
50 kt ihw ehQ @g`s~ pqQAcQ vRvn~@g~ mRnRbRr# prm|pr`vn~y.
sQAhlyn~q e@s~my. a#w#m| sQAhlyQn~t lAk`@v| wm gm| pY@q~Xyvw~
mwk n#w. wmn~@g~ sWyl` lAk`@v| jWvw~ vR bv pmNk~ ovRn~ qn~n`
awr wm Z`wWn~ g#n kQsQvk~ @n`qnQwQ. epmNk~ @n`v ovRhR sQAhl
x`;`vq @n`qnQwQ. ovRn~ k}`krn~@n~ iAgYWsQ@ynQ. ovRn~ sQyl~lm
p`@h~ @b_q~{ nQs` sQAhl sAs~k^wQk`Ag nm| mRUmnQn~m ovRn~ @vwQn~
gQlQhW n#w.
e@s~ vRvw~ cWn h` @qmL j`wQkyn~ wm x`;`v @h`~ sAs~k^wQy awh#r
@n`m#w. cWn j`wQkyn~ cWn a`h`r anRxv krn awr @qmL j`wQkyn~ @qmL
a`h`r anRxv krwQ. sQAhlyn~ cWn, @qmL, m#@l~ yn a`h`r vr\g wOnm
anRxv krmQn~ iAgYWsQ@yn~ k}` krwQ.
lAk`@vn~ gQy apt nm| cWn @h`~ m#@l~ a`h`rvl kQsQm rsyk~ @n`q#@n~.
lENR @n`m#wQv k$mt ovRhR pRr#qE vW sQtQn nQs` e~v` apt rsvw~
n#w. ym|wm| @h`~ apt smWp a`h`r a#w~@w~ @qmL kdvly. qQnk~ mm @qmL
kdykn~ rQMQtQ 2.50 k @w~ bW rQMQtQ 10 k @k`Lyk~ qEnQmQ. @v@Ln~q`
iwQrQ mRql qEn~@n~ rQMQtQ 5 ky. iwQrQ rQMQtQ 5 ohR vAc` k@L~
y#yQ eqQn @n`sQwO@vmQ. wvw~ qQ@nk em kd@yn~m rQMQtQ 2.20 k @w~
bW gNn vQmsR vQt kLQn~ @v@Ln~q`m @d`lr\ 2.20 bv kWy. vQ@q~XQkyn~
rvt` a{Qk mQl gNn~ gn~n` @vL[En~ m#@l~sQy`@v|q sQtQn bv mt
e@v@l~ v#thRNQ. m` l`AkQk@yk~ bv pvs` nQym mQl gn~n` @ls kW
vQt ohR It vd` wOn~ gONyk~ adR@vn~ (@d`lryt rQMQtQ 3 kQ.) psRv
mRql~ gw~@w~y. ohR kvr j`wQk@yk~q#yQ psRv mm vQmsR@vmQ. a@q`~m#yQ_
ohR XYW l`AkQk@ykQ.
srsvQ sQsRvQyk vn ek~ cWn q#rQyk@gn~ a#y hq`rn p`Tm`l`v
vQmsR@vmQ. cWn x`;`@vn~ v&`p`r a{&`pny i@gn gn~n` a#y awQ@r\k
vQ;y @ls m@n`~ vQq&`v hq`rn bv p#vsWy. v&`p`r a{&ny smg m@n`~
vQq&`v g#l@pn~@n~ @k@s~q#yQ m` vQmsR vQt a#y kW@v| v&`p`ryk~
p`lny kQrW@m|qW jnw`v sQwn pQLQ@vl ovRn~@g~ r#cQ ar#cQkm| @mn~m
ax&n~wr @@cwsQky h[En`g#nWm v#qgw~ bvyQ. e~ rt a{&`pny @kwrm|
s#lsRm| shgwq#yQ mt sQwOnQ.
m#@l~sQy`@v| @b_q~{ pY@b`~{y iw` ihl mtQtmk pvwQn bv ap
shx`gW vR @b_q~{ kl` h` sAs~k^wQk u@Ll a#sRrQn~ av@b`~{ krgw
h#kQ@v|. k~v`l`l`m|pRr\ ngr@y~ pY{`n pn~sl~ @qkk~ a#w. @sn~tRl~
vQh`ry h` bQYk~pWl~d| vQh`ry e~ @qkyQ. @mm pn~sl~ @qkm @m@hy
vn~@n~ XYW l`AkQk sQAhl hQmQvr#n~ vQsQnQ. bhRwr cWn @b_q~{yn~
@mm pn~sl~vlt sm|bn~{v ktyRwO krwQ. @mm XYW l`AkQk xQk;Rn~ vhn~@s~l`@g~
k#pvWm h` @m@hvr iw` ihl bv kQv yRwOy. @b_q~{ kl` u@L@l~ sm
sx`pwQvr# @ls ktyRwO k@l~ mh`y`nQk cWn hQmQ nmk~ h` XYW srNAkr
- @sn~tRl~ pn~s@l~ n`yk sQAhl s~v`mWn~ vhn~@s~y. @my apt mhw~
a`dm|bryk~ vR bvq s[hn~ kL yRwOy.
ap mlk~k`@v| @k_wOk`g`ryt gQy vQt q#kgn~nt l#bR@n~ kQY. v.
1300 k~ @mpQt iwQh`sy pmNQ. m#@l~sQy`v pRr`N @b_q~{ r`j&yk~v
wQbRNR awr em awWwy @hlQqrv| @n`kQrWmt vw~mn~ p`lk m#@l~
j`wQkyn~ ktyRwO krn a`k`ry @myQn~ @p@n~. mRs~lQm| a`gmQk p`ln
iwQh`sy pmNk~ hRv` q#k~vWm wOLQn~ ovRn~ m#@l~sQy`@v| s#b$
iwQh`sy vsn~kr a#wQ bv @p@n~. nmRw~ @k_wOk`g`r@y~ ek~ w#nk @b_q~{
ntbRn~ @qkk~ q#kgw h#kQ vQy. gl~ k#tym| mkr r$py in~ ekkQ.
eyQn~ ehQ @b_q~{ iwQh`sy m#nvQn~ qw h#kQy.
m#@l~sQy`@v| @mwrm| qQyRNRvt pw~v a#w~@w~ @mhQ nQl{`rWn~ h`
m#wQ a#m#wQvr# @h`rkm| @n`krn nQs`q#yQ ap ehQ m$wk @g`s~ sQtQn
sQAhl wr#Nyn~ pQrQsk@gn~ pYX~n k@LmR. ovRn~ kW@v| @m@hw~ @h`rkm|
krnv`. nmRw~ lAk`vt vd` @vns vn~@n~ @m@h @h`rkm| krn~@n~ v#@d|
is~wrm| vQqQyt krl`... nmRw~ lAk`@v| is~wrm| vQqQht krn~@n~ @h`rkm
pmNyQ." @m| ovRn~@g~m vcnyQ.