jWvn vQyqm v#dQvWm nQs` sm`jyt @n`@p@nn p#w~w!

mh`c`r\y nn~q@s~n rw~np`l sRrWhR  "qQvyQn irQq` sAgYhy" sm`rm|x@y~ sQtm @m| r@tQ sm`j sAs~k^wQk h` @q~Xp`ln @k;~wYyn~hQ vQvQ{ a[Er# ahRmRlE an`vrNy krmQn~ agn` lQpQ rFsk~ sm|p`qny kLh. imhw~ sm`j a`n~@q`~lnykt  wOdR qEn~ em an`vrN mgQn~ a#w#m| sRcrQwv`qWhR bQyt pw~vRh. a#w#m| @q~Xp`lnZ@y`~ kOpQw vRh. e@hw~ in~ sQqEvR sm`j @m@hvr apYm`N vQy. e@hw~ yLQ evn~ an`vrNyn~ kQrWmt ohR ap awr n#w. @m| ohR vQsQn~ ap @vw evn lq avsn~ lQpQ @q@kn~ ekkQ. a@nk~ lQpQy lbn swQ@y~ pl @k@r\.

@m| pr\@y~;N pY`Zy`t ap@g~q p`Tk jnw`v@g~q pYN`myq @g_rvyq mhw~ hrsrQn~ pRq krmR.

jWvn vQyqm v#dQvWm @h~wO@vn~ a#wQvn~n` vR pYwQPl g#n @b`@h`~ @qn` kw` krwQ. nmRw~ It eh` a#wQ @vnw~ brpwl a`r\}Qk h` s`m`jWy pYwQPl h` It a$[ENR wvw~ vkY pYwQPl g#n kvRr#vw~ s[hn~ krn~@n~ n#w.

jWvn vQyqm ihL y$@m| pYwQPly pLmR@vn~ m vqQn~@n~ qQnpw` gn~n` a`h`ryt y. ey wOn~ a`k`rykQn~ sQqE@vyQ.

1. a`h`r gn~n` pYm`Ny h` @v|l~ gNn nQkm|m adRvn~@n~y.

2. a`h`r@y~ a#wQ @p`~;&q`yk bv hWn vn~@n~y.

3. a`h`ry @n`@gn sQtW@m| @v|l~ gNn v#dQ vn~@n~y.

@k`LB, nRvr h` g`l~@l~ iw`m qEgW @k`ts~ awr @m| k`rN` wOn blp$@v| @m@s~y. ap @mhQqW nQy#qQyt gw~@w~ @m| ngr wO@n~ 21% k~ pmN vn qEp~pw~m @k`ts~ y. @m| ay@gn~ 18% k a`h`r pYm`Ny @vnq`t vd` adRy. a`h`ryt gn~n` bw~ pYm`N@y~ adR vWm iw` p#h#qQlQ y. ILMt bw~ gn~n` @v|l~ gNn qvs~ wOn ekkt v#@tQ.

@p`~;Ny bl`@gn sQtQq~qW m psRbsQn~@n~ y. m`U, eLvUvk~, m#l~lEmk~ is~sr gw~ww~ q#n~ ey gn~@n~ n#w. swQykt @qvrk~ pQtQkQrQ bQv|vw~ q#n~ p`ny krn~@n~ qvs~ @qkkt ek h#n~qk~ pmNQ. m`U gn~@n~m n#w. bdgQn~@n~ sQtQn @v|l~ gNn mWt avRr#qE 5 kt @pr nm| swQykt ek~ vrkQ. aq nm| swQykt hwr vrkQ.

smhr#n~ hQwn~@n~ aq p#rFNQ gm sm|pRr\N@yn~ m @vns~ vW a#w#yQ kQy`y. ym| pYm`Nykt a#wQ vR @vns~km| p#h#qQlQ y. e~w~ smhr pYm`N awQn~ gm|vl 12% k~ ay anRxv krn~@n~ is~srt vd` adRvy. pl`vk~, m#l~lEmk~ a#wQ nQs` ym|wmQn~ @p`~;Ny lbww~ It vd` @p`~;Ny @gn @qn kQsQvk~ e~ ayt n#w. swQykt @q@v|lk~vw~ e~ ay bdgQn~@n~ sQtQwQ. smhr# aq gm qkQn~@n~ pRqEm a`k`ryty. h#m @gqrkm kOmk~ @h`~ rk;`vk~ a#w. v#dQ @q@nk~ g@m| ay yRq hmRq`vt b#[W sQtQwQ. e@s~ vRvw~ g@m| qEp~pwOn~ qk~nt n#w~@w~ e~ ay a#w~wtm n#wQ nQs` @n`v e~ ay g@mn~ pQtw @g`s~ @k`l~lk$m|, mA p#h#r g#nWm| a`qQ@yn~ mRql~ upyn nQs`y.

nRwn@y~ pvwQn a`r\}Qk prQh`NQ@yn~ a#wQ vR awOr# Ply nm| gm|vl ym| ym| @k`ts~ g@mn~ pQtw @g`s~ m#rvr kYQy`vl @yqWmy. ovRhR g@m|qW kQsQqE m#rvr v#dk~ @n`krwQ. nmRw~ g@mn~ eh` mA p#h#rWm, @gvl~ bQ[Wm|, m#rvrkm| a`qQy mgQn~ mRql~ upywQ. a#w#m| gm|vl qEp~pw~km nRwn jWvn pWdny nQs` @vns~ vW a#w~@w~ @mb[E mRhRNRvrk~ l#bW@mn~ y.

a@p~ r@tQ @m`nm rjykQn~vw~ v&`p`rQkyn~@gn~vw~ uqv| lb` n#wQ ay @b`@h`~@vwQ. jnsvQy @h`~ sm^q~{Qy mWt @h`[ nQqsRn~ y. @m|v` vQhQq @g`s~ a#w~@w~ @q~Xp`ln pk;p`wkm wm pQLQb[ s@m`~c|C @r\K` os~@s~ y. kvq`vw~ e~v`yQn~ vRvq iw`m qEgW @k`ts~vlt shnyk~ l#bW n#w.

@mb[E @k`ts~vlt a#wQ ekm m`r\gy nm| sm`j vQ@r`~{W v#d sQqE @k`t mRql~ hm|b kQrWmy. ksQp~pR @prWm in~ pY{`n @qykQ. @p`lQsQy @m`nv` kWvw~ @kwrm| ihL qdyk~ g#sRvw~ gm|vl ksQp~pR nQpqvWm qk~nt l#@b|. a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy nQs` kQsQvk~ n#wQ qEp~pw~ mQnQs~sR ksQp~pR vQkON` mRql~ hm|b krwQ.

a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy nQs` sQqEvn vkY pYwQPlyk~ nm| ksQp~pR p`nyt s$@hn @k`tsk~ sRq`nm|v sQtWmy. ark~kO mQl ihL @g`s~ a#wQ nQs` hQ@w~ am`r#vt p`ny kL h#kQ ekm @q~ ksQp~pR y. g@m| cN~dQ@yk~ @qn~@nk~ ksQp~pR nQpqvn~@n~ e~v` bWmt q$w qQgO kr@gn sQtQn qEp~pw~ mQnQsRn~ty. vkY a`k`r@yn~ blw@h`w~ e~ ay ksQp~pR kr\m`n~wy ng`sQtRvwQ. mQnQsRn~@g~ lQAgQk jWvQwy @k@rhQ q a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy wqQn~ blp` a#w. ehQ s^jR pYwQPlyk~ nm| vQv`hyk~ kr g#nWmt wr#N@yk~ @h`~ wr#NQyk~ vW qQgO klk~ @gv` q#mWmt sQqEvWmy. @mhQqW pLmR@vn~ m rk;`v, a`q`ym g#n ar\bRqy mwO @v|. wmn~t l#@bn v#tRp bQrQ[k~ h` pvRl rFkWmt mqQ @v|. @m| nQs` l#@bn pYwQPly iw` xy`nky.

rk;`vk~ @n`m#wQ km nQs` @h`~ @vnw~ @h~wOvk~ nQs` vQv`hy kl~ arQn wr#N wr#NQyn~@g~ hQ@w~ lQAgQk a`X`v @m`~ryQ. ey s~v`x`vQky. a`r\}Qk prQh`nQyt hsR vR ovRhR e~ s~vx`vQk a`X`vn~ @k@s~ spRr` gnQw~ q? vQv`hy n#wQ nQs` e~ ay smhr vQt mRqlk~ awt lq psR gNQk`vn~ kr` ywQ. wvw~ ay vQvQ{ a`k`r@yn~ lQAgQk a`X`vn~ w^p~wQmw~ kr g#nWmt @g`s~ am`r#@v| v#@twQ.

vQv^w a`r\}Qky anRv @rqQpQLQ kr\m`n~wX`l` a#wQ krnR l#bQNQ. wr#NQyn~t e~v`@y~ rFkQy` qW@mn~ sQqEvR@y~ vQX`l @s~vykQ. nmRw~ @m| rk;` mRl~ @k`t @gn vkY pYwQPl r`XQyk~ l#bQNQ. e~ wr#NQyn~t rk;`v krn vQt n#vwW sQtWmt sRqEsR s~}`n n#wQ nQs` ovRhR hwrps~ @qn` iw` qEk @s~ l#MOm|gw kLh. @p`~;Ny p@sk wb` @m`nv` @h`~ uy`@gn anRxv kQrWmt vRh. rFkQy`vl~ l#bRN`t @ld qEkt @b|wk~ ovRnt l#@bn~@n~ n#w. lQAgQk a`X`vn~ @m`~r` y$m nQs` vQv`hyk~ @n`krm e~ jWvQwy vQ[Wmt smhr# iqQrQpw~ vRh. ehQ @h~wOvk~ vX@yn~ gb|s` krn m{&s~}`n r`XQyk~ a#wQ vW a#w. aq r@tQ qvskt ek~ qQnkt gb|s` ktyRwO rFsk~ @k@rn~@n~ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~ vkY pYwQPlyk~ vX@ynQ.

a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy wvw~ qErt q#kgw h#k~@k~ wr#N vQv`h @qs b#lW@mnQ. aq pRvw~pw~vl plvn vQv`h q#n~vWm|vlQn~ 42% k~ q$v#q~q il~lwQ. vQv`h @s`y` plvn q#n~vWm| 35% k~ e~ g$nR LmyQn~t ayQwQ idkdm| h` rFkQy`@vn~ l#@bn a`q`ym g#n vr\Nn` krwQ. @m| sQyl~l sQqEvn~@n~ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy nQs` vQv`hy q e~ prQh`nQ@y~ @k`tsk~ bvt pw~ vWm nQs` y. vQv`hyk~ kr gw~ vQt pYX~n @qkk~ blp`yQ.

1. idm| k#b#l~lk~ lb` @gn nQvsk~ wn` g#nWmy. aq ihLm rk;`vk~ @n`k@L`w~ idm| k#b#l~lk~ g#nWm @b`@h`~ ayt kL @n`h#kQy. e~ sQyl~lt Ny vRv@h`w~ v#tR@pn~ x`gyktw~ vd` Ny s[h` qQyvnR a#w. a`h`r p`n a`qQ@y~ pYm`Ny h` @p`~;Ny a`qQy nQkm|m phL v#@tyQ.

a@nk~ awt wr#N yRvLk~ nm| sm`j@y~ vQvQ{ bl`@p`@r`w~wO anRv ktyRwO krwQ. mAgl uw~svy s[h` h#kQ wrm| vQyqm| krwQ. a#[Em| vlt vQyqm| krwQ. s`m`n& wr#N yRvLk~ nm| @m| sQyl~l nQs` am`r#@v| q v#@twQ. ihL sm`j@y~ ay @mn~ kYQy` kQrWmt yn nQs` e~ anRk`rk qQvQy jWvQw@y~ sr#s`r bv k`b`sQnQy` kryQ.

rtk {n prQh`nQy vQvQ{`k`r@yn~ mQnQsRn~t v#@qn~@n~ I phrvl~ @s~ y. @g`vQw#n~ krn @g`vQy`t @p`@h`r tQk g#nWmtw~, Ny vWm kL yRwOy. @g`vQw#n~ kLw~ as~v#n~@nn~ ohRt a`q`ymk~ l#@bn~@n~ n#w. r@tQ {n prQh`nQy @h~wO @k`t @gn @g`vQkm| nvw~vn~nt ohRt sQqE@vyQ. @p`@L`n~nr#@v| sQtQ pY{`n @g`vQ@yk~ ak~kr gNnk~ anRn~t qW s~vkWy pRwYy` smM @g`vQw#nQn~ ivw~ vR@y~ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~ vkY pYwQPl nQs`y.

vQv`hy @k@rhQ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy blp`n an~qm kvRr#n~ vQsQnRw~ @s`y` n#w. wmn~ lbn a`q`ym jWvw~ vn~nt mqQ vR vQt bQrQ[ h` s#mQy` @vnw~ m`r\gvlQn~ mRql~ upy` gnQwQ. bQrQ[ wOn~v#n~nkO h` h`q vW mRql~ @s`y`@gn jWvQwy @gn yn w#n~ @b`@h`~ y. s~v`mQ pRr#;y` kn~@w`~r#@v|qW apc`rvlt mRql~ s[h` aw gsyQ.

@k`LB pY@q~X@y~ kn~@w`~r# phk al~ls~ pYm`Ny v#dQ vR@y~ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~ pYwQPl h` smMy. iw` sRU v#dk~ kr g#nWmt r#. 2 k~ pmN phLm @s~vkykOt eq` qEn~nw~ aq kn~@w`~r#vkQn~ sRU @qyk~ kr g#nWmt It vd` mRqlk~ qQy yRwOy. a#w#m| lQpQkr#@v`~ nm| r#. 300 kQn~ vw~ w^p~wQmw~ @n`@vwQ. @l`k~@kkOt nm| r#. 5000·= - 6000 k~ lb` qWm iw` v#qgw~ y. lk; gNn~ qQy yRwO @q~vl~ q a#w.

kn~@w`~r#vl @m| ww~w~vy @p`lQsQ wOL q @v|. @p`lQsQy aq brpwl @ls pQrQhW wQ@b|. al~ls~ @m| wrmt v#dQ vR@y~ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~ vkY pYwQplyk~ @ls y. ekl p~@l~n~ tW @k`~p~pyk~ h` sQgrFtQ ekk~ v#nQ @qyk~ @p`lQs~ xtykOt @h`[tm pYm`Nvw~ vQy. aq nm| p`@r\ @v|g@yn~ yn r}yk~ a#l~lE@v`w~ r}@y~ @v|gyt srQln (@n`srQln) qdyk~ gsyQ. mh p`@r\ qW @p`lQs~ xtyn~ kQyn o|n$m nWwQykt jnw`v avnw vQy yRwOy. nQymQw @v|l`vt psR v#lQ @gn yn @l`rQyk~ a#l~lR vQt p`@r\ @p`lQs~ xtyn~ kW@v| ey @gn @g`s~ @p`lQsQ@y~ @l`k~k`@g~ @gqr b`n @lsy. @v|gykt @h`~ @vnw~ p`@r\ vrqkt qdyk~ g#sR@v`w~ e~ mRql h` sm`n mRqlk~ @p`lQs~ nQl{`rQy`t qW@mn~ g#l vW y` h#kQy.

mQnQsRn~@gn~ al~ls~ mgQn~ hm|b kQrWmt rj@y~ h` @vnw~ nQl{`rWn~ sRq`nm| vn~@n~ ek~ awkQn~ ovRn~ lbn v#tRp ovRn~t mqQvn nQs`y. ek~ awkQn~ ovRn~ kl~pn` krn~@n~ sm`jy agy krn vQqQyt @gyk~ @q`rk~ wn`@gn bdR mRtQtR ekwO kr@gn ls~sn k`r\ r}yk~ lb`@gn jWvw~ vn~nt pRUvn~ vn~@n~ @h`[ al~lsk~ gw@h`w~ pmNkQ kQy` y.

nRwn@y~ al~ls @m| wrmt qQyRNR vR@y~ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~ q~vQwWy pYwQPlyk~ @lsy. a`r\}Qk prQh`nQyw~ smM vRvq, ps~km| s#p lbgn~nt vQvQ{ avs~}`vn~ alEwQn~ a#wQ vQy. mQnQs~sR q sm|pYq`yQ hry @vnRvt em a`r\}Qky smg vR vtQn`km| hQs~ mRqEnQn~ m pQLQgw~h. aq krn qR;Nvl mRlQk prm`r\}y vW a#w~@w~ q a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@yn~ mQqW s#p sm|pw~ vQ[@gn jWvw~ vWmy.

rj@y~ bqE vlQn~ @w`r @m`~tr\ r} @gn~vn vQt @kwrm| ay e~ g#n sn~@w`~; @vw~q?. @m`~tr\ r}yk~ a#wQ @k@nk~ vRvq k@L~ ey vQkON` bq~@qn~ @w`r @m`~tr\ r}yk~ g#nWmy. @kwrm| mRql~ Ny vRvw~ ey vQXQ;~T vtQn`kmk~ @ls slkn lqW. Ny vWm bRqEn~ vhn~@s~@g~ ig#n~vWm| anRv nm| blvw~ qEr\vlkmkQ. un~vhn~@s~ apt ig#n~vR@y~ Ny (iN) nQqhs~ vWmy. aq ihL sm`j@y~ Ny g#nWm vtQn`kmkQ. v&`p`rQkyn~t h` v&`p`rvlt b#AkOvlQn~ @k`~tQ gNn~ Ny @qnR l#@b|. e~ ay Ny lb` e~ NyvlQn~ m sRr s#p lb` gnQwQ.

m{&m pn~wQy Ny vn~@n~ vd` sRv phsR r} lb` g#nWmtw~, @gvl~ @q`rvl~ s$qWmtw~ y. p#ykQn~  Ny lb` qQy h#kQ  lWsQA sm`gm| aq lAk`@v| q a#w. ap LMqW kL smWk;Nyk~ anRv uss~ m{&m pAwQ@y~ @w`~r`gw~ smRhyk~ (200) awrQn~ 41 @q@nk~ lWsQA sm`gm| vlQn~ h` @vnw~ w#n~ vlQn~ vQvQ{ Ny lb`@gn wQbQNQ.

K @g~ @q`r k`r\y`l hqn~nt Ny

mWt wmn~ in~n` @gy pmNk~ @n`v vQ@X~;@yn~ m wvw~ @gvl~ ayw~ @v|.

K idm| g#nWmt Ny

K @g~ @q`r bdR x`N~d g#nWmt Ny

K sR@K`~p@x`~gW x`N~d g#nWmt Ny

K sRpQrQ v`hn lb` g#nWmt Ny

K mAgl uw~sv s[h` Ny

rtk mQnQsRn~ @m@s~ Ny vlt hsR kr gn~@n~ a`r\}Qky pQrQhW@m| ek~wr` @h~wOvk~ nQs`y. Nyk`ryn~ Ny @qn~nn~ v#dQ wrmt a`r\}Qky pQrQ@hn bv kQsQ@vkO @n`sQwwQ. e~ @h~wO g#n @n`@s`y` a`r\}Qk pQrQhWm g#n kw` kQrWm @w~r#mk~ n#wQ kYQy`vkQ.

r@tQ pvw~n` qR;Ny, a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~m wvw~ awOr# PlykQ. qR;N@yn~ sl~lQ hm|b krn~@n~ nQlg#wQ, a{&`pnyk~, qr\Xnyk~ n#wQv ps~km| s#p vQ[QQn~nt @l`l~ vR ayyQ. apt pQtrtvlQn~ l#@bn Ny s$@hn pYm`Nyk~ kQsQvkt vQyqm| kr n#w#yQ psRgQy qQnvl pRvw~pw~vl pLvQy. a@p~ r@tQ a`@r`~g&X`l`vlt qEn~n` vR yn~wY sRwY @mn~m @vnw~ qYv& q @k`~tQ gNn~ awh#r q#mQnQ. rjy vQsQn~ lk; gNn~ vQyqm| kr w#nvR @g`dn#MQlQ pY@y`~jnyt @n`g#@n~. @m| qR;Ny a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~ @k`ts~ y.

@m| a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy gw h#k~@k~ mQnQsRn~@g~ @r`~g pWd` g#n bln vQty. q#ntmw~ a@p~ r@tQ 24% (m{R @m|hy) qQyv#dQy`v s$qW a#w#yQ kQynR l#@b|. @vnw~ @r`~g vlQn~ @p@Ln ay q iw` vQX`ly. ap@g~ gNn~ b#lWm anRv 1990 qW wQbRNR @r`~g`b`{ vlt vd` 21% k~ 2000 qW v#dQ vQy. 2006 qW e~v` 47% k~ qk~v` v#dQ vW wQ@b|.

a`@r`~g&X`l` pQrW @g`s~ a#w. ym|wm| @b|wk~ l#@bn nQs` mQnQs~sR rj@y~ a`@r`~g& X`l`vlt ywQ. @b`@h`~ vQt e~ a`@r`~g&X`l`vlQn~ nQym krn @b@hw~ ovRn~ lb` gn~@n~ pQtwQn~ y r@tQ f`msQ gNn 2000 sQt aq qk~v` 43% kQn~ v#dQ vW a#w.

qEp~pw~km @m| wrmQn~ vw~ a`rk;` kr gn~@n~ rj@y~ a`@r`~g&X`l`vl am`r#@vn~ hrQ lb` @qn @b|w~ @h~w~ h` k$m bWm| vlQnQ. ym|wm| v#dQ@yn~ r#pQylk~ @qkk~ a#wQ mQnQs` qE@kn~ @p_q~glQk a`@r`~g&X`l`vlt yyQ. iw` pYkt @p_q~glQk @r`~hl~ 8 k~ a@p~ agnRvr a#w. s$m ngryk~m eb[E @r`~hl~ @h`~ @b@hw~ @qn s~}`n vlQn~ pQrW a#w. am`r#@vn~ @h`~ @m|v`t en~@n~ @ld sRvkr g#nWmty. e~v`t vRvmn` krn mRql spy` g#nWmt s`m`n& a`r\}Qk kYQy`vlQ@yn~ a$w~ vQy yRwOy. ek~ pL`wk wk~k`lQ vQkONn mnR;&@yk~ e~v` @qgON kr vQkONR@v| w`w~w`t kL h^q s#w~k@m| vQyqm lb` g#nWmty. avmAgl& ml~ X`l`vk~ r#pQyl~ 200 kQn~ wm @s~vy v#dQ k@L~ e@s~m pvR@l~ @k@nkOt sQqE vR s#w~kmk~ s[h` gQy mRql~ lb` g#nWmty. wvw~ ev#nQ sm`gmk em|b`m| s[h` v#y vn mRql nvw` gw~@w~ em|b`m| ym|wm| p#tYl~ @h`~ @vnw~ @wlk~ smM ekwO kr m^w XrWrvlt en~nw~ kQrW@mnQ. a@p~ r@tQ a`r\}Qk a@h~nQy w#n~ w#n~vl vQkONn yn~@wY`~pkrN s[h` q blp` a#w. @m`~tr\ r} vlt avX& prN @k`ts~ alEw~v#dQy` kr alEw~ e~v` vQqQyt vQkONnR lbn~@n~ y. @m| v&`p`ry s$@hn mRql~ lb`@qn kYQy`vkQ. e~ an~qmQn~ iw` s#lsRm| shgwv nvw` wQ@bn @m`~tr\ r}vlQn~ k#blQ glv` gnR l#@byQ. e~v` pYsQq~{Q@y~ vQkQ@N~. e~v` m#Žmt nWwQ n#w.

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a#w~w vX@yn~ kQy@w`w~ @m| yRq~{yw~ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~ vkY pYwQPlykQ. qkO@N~ a#wQ vR k#rlQ g#sWm| @qkk~ (1971 - 1987) a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~ pYwQPlyn~ y. uwO@r\ mQnQsRn~t a`r\}Qk prQh`nQyk~ n#w~nm| e~ mQnQsRn~ pYx`krn~ kQyn kQyn @q~t ekM vn~@n~ n#w.

qkO@N~ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy pYbl @ls blp` a#w~@w~ a{&`pnytyQ. a`c`r\y sW. db|. db|. kn~nn~gr mhw` nQqhs~ a{&`pny lb` @qn vQt jWvn m`r\g q nQqhs~ kQrWmt v$ym| k@L~y. aq a@p~ r@tQ rj@y~ p`sl~ kWyk~ v#sW wQ@b| q? e~v` a{&`pn bl{`rWhR pv` @n`qnQwQ. r@tQ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy pl qW@mn~ kn~n a[Qn~n n#wQv p`sl~ sh LmyQ @k`pmN sQtQw~ q? rj@y~ p`sl~ 5 k~ gw~ ap qEtR@v| 39% k~ mn~q@p`~;N@yn~ @p@Ln bvy. ww~w~vy @m@s~ nm| a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy @kwrm| vkYv apt blp` wQ@b| q?

ap @m| g#n @s`y` @n`bln~@n~ a#yQ? jWvn aAky pmNk~ g#n kw` krmQn~ r@tQ sAvr\{ny nRqE@r\qW 8% kQn~ v#dQ @v| y#yQ pRr`@-r# kQyn mh b#AkOvt gm|vl h` ngrvl sQtQn 12 - 21% qk~v` qEgW qEp~pwOn~ @p~n~@n~ n#q~q? jWvn aAky qL j`wQk nQ;~p`qny g#n @kLvrk~ n#wQv kw` krn b#AkO q#n~ a#s @y`mR kL yRw~@w~ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~ s^jR, q~vQwWy h` vkY pYwQPlvlty. ap kvRr#w~ @n`sQwn vkY pYwQPlyk~ nm| apr`{yn~@g~ v#dWvWmy. mQnW m#r#m| g#n @n`v s~wYW qR;N, Lm` apr`{, Lm` ap@y`~jN @h`rkm| vAc` @m| sQyl~l psRgQy avRr#qE kWpy a#wOLw @b@hvQn~ ihL @g`s~ wQ@b|. e~v` @p`lQsQ@y~ sAK&`@l~Kn vlQn~ bl`gw @n`@h~. @b`@h`~ @p`lQsQvlt wmn~@g~ @p`lQs~ @k`tQT`Xvl sQqEvn apr`{ g#n av@b`~{yk~ n#w. adR gN@n~ s~wYW qR;N @qkk~ vw~ m`sykt sQqEvn~@n~ y. e~v` @q`~; rhQwv @p`lQsQ@y~ sAK&`@l~Knvlt a#wOLw~ vn~@n~ n#w. @p`lQsQy sAK&` @l~Kn ekwO krn~@n~ @p`lQsQyt avX& a`k`ryty. @p`lQs~ shk`r a{Qk`rQvr@yk~ @h`~ s~}`n x`r nQl{`rQvr@yk~ @h`~ @p`lQs~ xt@yk~ @m| g#n @h`[Qn~ qnQwQ. a@p~ r@tQ mw~p#n~ v#dQ vR@y~ a#yQ. @l`~k@y~ rtvl~vlQn~ mw~p#n~ awQn~ e~k pRq~gl prQhrNy a#wQ rtk~ @ls a@p~ rt h[En~v` qW a#w. sRr`@m|ry XQk;`pqy @k@wk~ qErt @g`s~ a#w~q?

@b`@h`~ vQt a`gm pv` aq  m`r\ktQ kr wQ@b|. @s`~v`n~, sk^q`g`mW, an`g`mQ s#tQpQ@k~tQ @qn pn~sl~q, x`vn` pAwQ q ap awr a#w. wm` bRqEvr@yk~ y#yQ kQy` gn~n` pRq~gl@yk~ agsvRvn~ q pQrQvr` ek~wr` pY@q~Xyk v`sy kryQ. wvw~ smhr# wmn~ @s`~v`n~ vR bvw~, {&`nvlt p#mQNRnR bvw~ eLQpQtm kQywQ. a`gm @m| an~qmQn~  m`r\ktQ kr wQ@bn~@n~ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~m pYwQPlyk~ nQs`y. smhr h`mRqEr#vr# r#. 15,000 - 20,000 vtQn` pt sQvRr# a[Qn~@n~ q, adR gNnkt q`nyk~ @n`pQLQgn~@n~ q a`gm  m`r\ktQ kr wQ@bn nQs`y.

@m| an~qmQn~ blw@h`w~ @m| a#wQ vW wQ@bn a`r\}k prQh`nQ@y~ pYwQPl @n`@yk~ a`k`r@yn~ q#kQy h#k. e~ pYwQPl vlt ap vQ@tk krn sm`j sw~k`rvlQn~ nQyw vX@yn~ pYwQPlyk~ @n`l#@byQ. a#s~ kN~N`dQ @bq`qWm @myt @h`[ nQqsRnkQ. pQtrtkQn~ p`vQc|cQyt psR lb` gn~n` @m| kN~N`dQ @mrt mQnQsRn~t qWm agy kL yRwOy. e@hw~ ey lb`gn~n` mQnQsRn~ a#st qm` sRqEsR kN~N`dQyk~ gn~nv` mQs e~ kQsQ@vkO@g~ a#s~ prWk;Nyt lk~ @n`kryQ. sw~k`ry asw~k`ryk~ vn~@n~ @m| v#nQ mRg~{ kYQy` nQs`y.

a`r\}Qk prQh`nQ@y~ vkY pYwQPl @h`[Qn~ @p@nn w#nkQ us`vQy. aq a#p#l~ us`vQ@y~ ndRvk~ kWmt r#. lk;ykQn~vw~ @h`[ nWwQZvr@yk~ lb` gw @n`h#k. idm| ndRvk~ kQynv` nm| mRql~ vQX`l pYm`Nyk~ @gv` avR. 10 k~ 15 k~ ndRv kQv yRwOy. It vd` idm nQkm|m a`psR qEn~n` nm| vd`w~ @y@hk#yQ sQ@wn~@n~ evQty. qQk~ks`q ndRvkt gQ@y`w~ prqQn~@n~ upn~ qr#vn~ y. qQk~ks`q ndRvkt @n`@g`s~ @gqr gOtQ kk` in~n uqvQy r@tQ h#m w#nm a#w.

a@p~ r@tQ a`r\}Qk prQh`nQy @h`[Qn~ @p@nn~@n~ m#q @prqQg gQy k`n~w`vn~ g#n sQwn vQty. @m| ay @b`@h`~ @q@nk~ yn~@n~ b#l@m@hvr kQrWmty. am|ml`@g~ @m| kYQy`v nQs` qr#@v`~ am`r#@v| v#@twQ. a@p~ r@tQ ayt a#wQ l#-j` n#wQkm @p@nn~@n~ a$ pQtrtQn~ lbn vQX`l a`q`ym @m| asrN g#h#nR nQs` rtt l#@bn mRql y#yQ kW vQty. @m| awQn~ bln vQt a@p~ kONR a`r\}Qky pQLQkOlQn~ pyQn~ g#sWmt wrm| sRqEsR y#yQ sQ@wn~@n~y. mnR;& vtQn`kmk~ ehQ n#w. ap smhr vQt k$ @m`r @qn~@n~ sRr`@vn~ ap lbn bq~q, ksQp~pR vlQn~ ap lbn qd, sm`j X`l`vlQn~ ay krn a`q`ym, sRqE@vn~ ap gn~n` mRql~ iw` ihL e~v` y#yQ slk`@gn y. e~ an~q@m| mRql~vlt mh b#AkO@vn~ q l#@bn~@n~ vQX`l @g_rvykQ. m#q@prqQg @g`s~ b#l @m@hvr kr upyn mRql e~ ay ihLQn~ wbn~@n~ e~v` upyn s~wYWn~ phw~ @k`t wbmQnQ.

a@p~ r@tQ a`r\}Qky @qs @m@wk~ ap @n`b#lR p#w~wkQn~ b#lWm iw` v#qgw~y. m`s gNnkt @pr mm eAgln~w@y~qW mt sRqEsR kmQsyk~ mQlt g#nWmt s`p~pRvkt gQ@ymQ. m` mQlt gw~ kmQsy pvRm| 12 k~ vQy. ey awt gw~ psRv m` qEtR@v| ey lAk`@v| nQ;~p`qnyk~ bvy. @k`tQn~ kQy@w`w~ aq mRql~ vlQn~ nm| ey r#. 24,000 k~ pmN vtW. @m| 24,000 k~ vtQn` kmQsyk~ hqn e~v` nQ;~p`qny krn a@p~ r@tQ g$nR Lm@ykOt l#@bn v#tRp kWyq? a@p~ a`r\}Qk vQq&` @p`w~ lQyn a`r\}Qk vQq&`Zyn~t h` @q~Xp`lkyn~t @m| g#n l#j~j` n#q~q? a`r\}Qk vQq&`v mQnQs`@g~ hvRhrNyt mgk~ n#w~nm| e~ vQq&`@vn~ a#wQ pY@y`~jny kOmk~q?

mh`c`r\y  nn~q@s~n rw~np`l