@m| @k`tQ kN~d`ym ayr\ln~w@y~ db|lQn~ nRvrt y$mt @pr enm|
2003 s#p~w#m|br\ m`s@y~qW @k`tQ sAvQ{`ny vQsQn~ sQy ILm| @p`lQsQy
nWw&`nRkSlv pQLQgwyRwO y#yQ kQymQn~ @n`~r\@v| rjy @vw @y`~jn`
m`l`vk~ iqQrQpw~ @krQNQ.
2004 @pbrv`rQ 29 v#nQq` jQnWv` nRvrt gQy @mm @k`tQ kN~d`ym
ew#n~ sQt ayr\ln~w@y~ db|lQn~ nRvrt p#mQN a#w db|lQn~ nRvrqW @m`vRn~
nwrvW sQtQ@y~ d#f~lQn~ n#mwQ @h`~tl@y~yQ. ew#n~ sQt @m`vRn~v @p`lQs~
ax&`s vQq&`ly @vw @gn@g`s~ a#w. @mhQqW @m`vRn~@g~ x`;` prQvr\}ky`
vW a#w~@w~ "@s`n`@b`~yQ" n#m#w~w`yQ @mm @k`tQ kN~d`ym em vs@r\
a@p~Yl~ ms XWY lAk`vt p#mQN a#w. @mm sAc`r@y~ sQylR @w`rwOr#
q#n~ a`rk~;k vQsQn~ @s`y`@gn a#w.
ILm| @p`lQsQy pQLQgw yRwO y#yQ kQyn @y`~jn`vt @pr pYx`krn~
vQsQn~ kQlQ@n`c|cQ@y~qW ILm| @p`lQs~ mRls~}`ny pQhQtRvnR l#bWy.
2003 @n`v#m|br\ m`s@y~qW n#@gnhQr pY`@q~XWy ILm| @p`lQsQy @k`k~adQ@c`~@lyQ
hQqW a`rm|x @krQNQ.
ILm| @p`lQsQy pQLQb[ @y`~jn` @n`~r\vWjQy`nRvn~t b`rqW@mn~
psR em vs@r\qWm s#p~w#m|br\ m`s@y~ qQ@nk wmQl~ @sl~vm| a#wOU @k`tQ
kN~d`ymk~ uwOr# ayr\ln~w@y~ s`m smRUvk~ s[h` y#yQ kQymQn~ @mrtQn~
pQtw~v @g`s~ wQbQNQ. @m| s`m smRUv c`rQk`v sAvQ{`ny k@L~ @n`~r\@v|
vQ@q~X ktyRwO am`w&`AXyyQ. gmn~ vQyqm| q#r#@v| em am`w&`AXyt
sm|bn~{ @n`~r`d| sAvQ{`nyyQ. @m| awr uwOr# ayr\ln~w@y~ vQ@q~X
ktyRwO am`w& bYyn~ @w`~ms~ pYk`Xyk~ krmQn~ XYW lAk`@v| @k`tQ
s`m`jQkyn~ pQrQsk~ s`m gQvQsRmkt aq`L ax&n~wr s`kc|C`vk~ s[h`
p#mQN sQtQn bvw~ @k`~ vQk~@l`~ pY@q~X@y~ @hLQvW n#wQ s~}`nyk
p#v#w~@vn awr It ayQrQ;~ nQl{`rWhR sm|bn~{ n#wQ bvw~ @hLQ kr
a#w.
ayr\ln~w vQ@q~X a#m#wQvry`@g~ pYk`X@yn~ sn`} vn~@n~ ayr\ln~w@y~
ym| rhsQgw s~}`nykqW @k`tQn~@g~ s`kc|C` p#v#wQ bvyQ. @mhQqW
n#@gn pYX~ny nm| XYW lAk`@v| s`m kYQy`q`my u@qs` uwOr# ayr\ln~w@y~
rhs~ s`kc|C` p#v#w~@vn~@n~ kOmktq yn~nyQ.
@k`tQn~@g~ uwOr# ayr\ln~w sAc`ry mQn~ nQm`vt pw~ vR@y~ n#w.
2004 vs@r\ ok~@w`~br\ m`s@y~qW wmQl~ @sl~vn~ a#wOU pQrQsk~
uwOr# ayr\ln~wy @vw p#mQN a#w. ehQqW ert nQ@y`~j& vQ@q~X am`w&
@k`nr\ @lnQh`n~ vQ@q~X ktyRwO am`w&`AX@y~ @q~Xp`ln a{&k; @d|vQd|
@k`nQ uwOr# ayr\ln~w sAvr\{n a{Qk`rQ@y~ vQ{`yk a{&k;Qk` a$n~
o| @ksQ sh r`j& nQl{`rWn~ kN~d`ym hmRvW s`kc|C` pvw~v` wQ@b|.
2005 a@pY~l~ 14 v#nQq` q wmQl~ @sl~vn~ a#wOU kN~d`ym db|lQn~
nRvrqW nQ@y`~j& vQ@q~X am`w& @k`nr\ @lnQh`n~ hmRvW s`kc|C`
p#v#w~vRvw~ em s`kc|C`vl pYwQPl an`vrNy vR@y~ n#w.
@k`tQ wYs~wv`qWn~ h` @m| sQylE s`kc|C` p#v#w~vR@y~ 2001
bQYw`n& rjy @k`tQ sAvQ{`ny whnm| kr wQbQyqWy.
k`lQmRw~wO vQ@n`~q~ kOm`r\ a#wOU @k`tQ wYs~wv`qWhR @q`@l`s~@qn`t
@p`lQs~ pRhRNRv lb`qW a#w~@w~ ayr\ln~w up@q~Xkyn~ vQsQn~ bvw~
e~ s[h` qYvQd x`;` prQvr\wkyn~q sm|bn~{ kr a#wQ bvw~ @hLQvW@mn~
bQYw`n& anRgmny kL @qbdQ pQLQ@vw p#h#qQlQy.
@m@ls @k`tQ sAvQ{`ny @p`lQs~ pRhRNRv l#bWm s[h` @k`tQ
kN~d`ymk~ uwOr# ayr\ln~wyt y#vW@m| armRN kOmk~q?
2003 ok~@w`~br\ 1 q` @k`tQn~@g~ wmQl~ ILm| pYv^w~wQ @s~v`v
@m@ls qn~v` wQbQNQ. uwOr# n#@gnhQr an~wr\v`r prQp`lny s[h` @k`tQ
sAvQ{`n@y~ @y`~jn`vlQy nQm kQrW@m| armRNQn~ @k`tQ nQ@y`~jQw
kN~d`ym @m| swQ@y~ db|lQn~ hQqW nWwQ up@q~Xkyn~ hmRvnR a#w.
uwOr# n#@gnhQr an~wr\v`r p`lny wmn~t anQv`r\y@yn~m l#@bnR
a#w#yQ vQX~v`s kL @k`tQ @n`~r\@v| rjy @vw ILm| @p`lQsQy
pQLQgn~n` @ls @y`~jn`vk~ iqQrQpw~ kr @k`tQ kN~d`ymk~
pRhRNRvWmt db|lQn~ nRvrt y#vR bv mQn~ sn`} @n`vn~@n~q?
@my eq` p#v#wQ rjy pv` q#n sQtQ bv p#h#qQlQy. @mm
kYQy`q`mytsmg`mWv @n`~r\@v| vQ@q~X am`w&`AXy vQsQn~ wvw~ @k`tQ
kN~d`ym| @n`~r\@v|hQ @r\n nm#wQ vQ@X~; bLk` k[vRrt @gn @g`s~
pRhRNRvk~ lb`qW wQbQNQ.
@m| pQLQb[v an`vrNy vW@mn~ psR erQk~ @s`~l~hyQm| p#vsR@v|
s`m kYQy`q`my qQyw~ kQrW@m| kYQy`vlQy g#n a{&ynyk~ qWmt @k`tQ
kN~d`ymk~ @r\n k[vRrt p#mQNQ bvw~ XYW lAk` rjy ey q#n sQtQ bvw~
y.
e@hw~ @r\n vQ@X~; bLk` k[vR@r\qW @k`tQn~ lw~ pRhRNRv g#n @n`~r\@v|
hQqW @s`y`gw~ sQylE @w`rwOr# apQ klkt @pr an`vrNy k@LmR. @m| @k`tQ
kN~d`ymt stn~ vQr`m kmQtR@v| pY{`nQy`v sQtQ @tY`n~q~ pRr#@h`v|@q~
sQy nQv@s~qW vQ@X~; sAgYhyk~ pv` pvw~v` wQ@b|. erQk~ @s`~l~hyQm|
eq` e@ls p#vsRvw~ s`my g#n @q~Xn` p#v#w~@vn vQ@X~; bLk` k[vRr#
wQ@b|q?
@mm @r\n vQ@X~; bLk` k[vR@r\ k`r\yx`ry kOmk~ vR@y~q?
sr\bQy`@vn~ @k`s@v`~ pY`n~wy @vn~krqWm s[h` a#@mrQk`nR sh
bQYw`n& vQ@X~; bLk` kN~d`ym|vlt sh`y l#bR@N~ @m| k[vR@rnQ.
@k~. ef~. o|. a`r\. nm#wQ bLk`y kYQy`w~mk vR@y~q @r\n vQ@X~;
bLk` k[vR@r\yQ.
@mm ww~w~vy mw bQYw`n& sh @n`~r\@v| r`j&y anRgmny kL @bqEm|v`qW
pQLQ@vw p#h#qQlQ vnR nQywy. psRgQy 31 q` @mrtt p#mQNQ ayQ. a`r\.
e~. sAvQ{`nyt sm|bn~{ m`tQn~ m#k~nQks~q p#vsR@v| @k`tQn~
vQmRk~wQk`mWn~ bvyQ. @m| nQs` @k`tQ h` ayQ. a`r\. e~. sAvQ{`ny
awr sb[w`v whvRr# vQy. sRn`mQ sm@y~qW n#@gnhQrt p#mQNQ bQYw`n&
c#ntQ nm#wQ yRq @n_k`v @vw @k`tQ s`m`jQkyn~ @q@qnkO k#[v` wQbR
bvq an`vrNy vQy. @mm sQqEvWm|vlQn~ sn`} vn~@n~ @n`~r\@v| r`j&yw~
bQYw`n&yw~ @mrt j`wQk a`rk;`vt ahQwkr ww~w~vyn~ uq`kL bv @n`@v|q?
stn~ vQr`m gQvQsRmQn~ psR myQkl~ @r`~s~ nm#wQ bQYw`n& yRq
up@q~Xky` XYW lAk`@v| a`rk;k hmRq`vt ahQwkr ww~w~vyn~ uq` @k@rn
@y`~jn`vlQyk~ iqQrQpw~ @krQNQ. ehQ ek~ @y`~jn`vk s[hn~ vR@y~
XYW lAk` a`rk;k hmRq`v pYwQ@X`~{nyt lk~ kQrWmyQ.
evkt p#v#wQ rj@y~ @q~Xp`lnZykO bQYw`n&yt @g`s~ yRq up@q~Xkyn~
@q@qnkO hmRvW s`kc|C` pvw~v` wQbQNQ. aq ohR vw~mn~ rjy yt@w~q
am`w& {Rryk~ qryQ. @m| awr psRgQy @snsRr`q` bQYw`n& @p`qEr`j&
mN~dlWy h` vQ@q~X k`r\y`l vQsQn~ s`my @g`dn#gW@m| ek~sw~
r`j{`nQ@y~ kYm@v|qy nmQn~ v#dpQLQ@vLk~ qQyw~ kL bvt pYk`Xyt pw~
vRh.
@m| s`m kYm@v|qy @ktRm|pw~ kr a#w~@w~ bQYw`n&@y~ vQ@q~X @p`qEr`j&
mN~dlyWy sh j`w&n~wr sAvr\{n @qp`r\w@m|n~wOv yn ert a`rk;k
am`w&`AXyyQ.
2006 sh 2009 awr sm@y~ XYW lAk`@v| ar\bRqy nQm` kQrWm s[h`
bQYw`n& vQsQn~ XYW lAk`vt sh`y vn bvt ehQ qk~v` wQ@b|.
@mhQqW @y`~jQw k`r\yx`ry kOmk~q?
pY{`nwm a`ywnvl (a`rk;k @s~v`vn~hQ) pYwQ@X`~{n n&`y pwYyk~
sks~ kQrWm.
a`rk;k pYwQpw~wQ@y~ h` hmRq` ktyRwOvl vQnQvQqx`vyn~ h`
gQNRm|krNyn~ a#wQvWm s[h` sQvQl~ sh`y lb`qWmt a`{`r vWm.
s`my @g`dn#gWm s[h` sQvQl~ sAvQ{`nvl sh`y lb`g#nWm.
s~t`r\lQn~ pvRm| mQlQyn @qkk~ v#ykrmQn~ kYQy`w~mk @k@rn @mm
s`my @g`dn#gW@m| kYQy`q`my @m@hyvWm x`r vW a#w~@w~ @k`LB
bQYw`n& mh @k`ms`rQs~ k`r\y`l@y~ @q~Xp`ln aAXyt h` a`rk;k
aAXytyQ.
e~ s[h` @q~Xp`ln aAX@y~ nQl{`rWhR sQv|@q@nk~ q ovRn~t sh`y
vn XWYl`AkQkyn~ sQv|@q@nk~ h` bQYw`n& a`rk;k am`w&`AX@y~
nQl{`rWhR @q@q@nk~q anRyRk~w kr wQ@b|.
XYW lAk`@v| s`my @g`dn#gWm s[h` bQYw`n& mh @k`ms`rQs~ k`r\y`l@y~
@q~Xp`ln aAXy h` a`rk;k aAXyt hQmQkmk~ wQ@b|q?
@mkW aAX @qkm kYQy`w~mk krn kYm@v|qy nm| vQvQ{ crpRr#;yn~@gn~
h` p`r\X~vyn~@gn~ @w`rwOr# e~kr`XW kQrWmyQ. bQYw`n& mh @k`ms`rQs~
k`r\y`l@y~ @q~Xp`ln aAXy vQsQn~ pvw~vn s`qvlt p#mQ@Nn pQrQs~ @vwQn~
e~ bv sn`} @v|. @m@ls s`my @g`dn#gW@m| @m@hyRmk~ qQyw~ kQrW@m|
armRN kOmk~q? yn~n vQmr\Xnyt lk~ kL yRwOy. 2003 vs@r\qW bQYw`n&
rjy vQsQn~ @mrt @q~Xp`ln sh sm`jyWy @w`rwOr# vQX~@l~;Ny kQrWm
s[h` @k`LB kYQy`w~mkvn s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`nyk sh`y lb` wQ@b|.
@m| s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`ny shjWvn pqnmyQ. @mm s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`n@y~
pY{`nQy` nQ@y`~jny kL in~tr\n#;nl~ a#lr\tQ sAvQ{`ny sQyr`lQ@y`n~
r`j&@y~ a`r\. yR. es~. nm#wQ grQl~l` sAvQ{`nyt uqv|krn bv
pvsmQn~ sQyr`lQ@y`n~ jn`{QpwQvry` vQsQn~ ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ mh@l~km|vry`t
p#mQNQlQ kr wQbQNQ. e@s~m y`pn ar\{q~vWpy @k`tQn~@gn~ mRq`g#nWmt
a`rk;k hmRq`v rQvQrFs @m@hyRm qQyw~ kL avs~}`@v| em @m@hyRm
v#L#k~vWmt ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ hmRq`vk~ y#vQy yRwO y#yQ p#vsR@v|q
@mm s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`n pY{`nQy`yQ.
@k`LB v#l~lvw~@w~ p#v#wQ rFs~vWmk~ a#m#wS @m`hR @k`tQn~ smg
s`m s`kc|C` p#v#w~vQy yRw~@w~ @qpk;@y~m hmRq` sm`n yRq
Xk~wQykQn~ yRk~w vR vQt y#yQ q @h@wm vrk~ pvs` wQbQNQ.
shjWvn pqn@m| m`nv a`rk;k v#dsthn vQsQn~ s`hsQk kYQy` v#L#k~vR
bv bQYw`n& @p`qEr`j& mN~dlyWy h` vQ@q~X k`r\y`l vQsQn~ wvqErtw~
pvs` a#w.
2002 stn~ vQr`m gQvQsRm aw~sn~ kQrW@mn~ psR @k`tQn~ pYwQvQr#q~{
qYvQd s`m`jQkyn~ hB`@g`s~ G`wny kL vQt @m| s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`ny
s`hsQk kYQy` v&r\} kL bv kQyn~@n~ @k@s~q?
e@s~m bQYw`n& a`rk;k am`w&`AXyw~ @k`LB bQYw`n& mh @k`ms`rQs~
k`r\y`l a`rk;k aAXyw~ ihw kW s`m kYQy`q`my a#wQ kQrWmt uw~s`h
krn~@n~ @k`tQn~ r@tQ n`ykw~vy h` hmRq` n`ykw~vy vQn`X kQrWmt
s#lsRm| kr wQbQyqW @n`@v|q?
@n`~r\@v| sh@yn~ @k`tQn~t @p`lQs~ pRhRNRvk~ lb`qWmt bQYw`n&
kYQy`krn avs~}`@v| @n`~vWjQy`nR nQ@y`~j& vQ@q~X a#m#wQ vR@y~
vQq`r\ @h~l~@:sn~ y. @k`tQ sAvQ{`ny ohRt XYW lAk`@v| 2·3 k~
q#k~@vn ILm| sQwQymk~ adAgO s~vr\Nmy wQLQNyk~ pRqkrnR l#bWy.
vQq`r\ @hl~@:sn~t rnQn~ pRqnR l#bR@v| @n`~r\@v| vQ@q~X am`w&`AXy
@k`tQn~t sh`y q#k~vR nQs` bv p#h#qQlQy. 2002 stn~ vQr`m
gQvQsRmQn~ psR uwOr# ayr\ln~w@y~ al~s~tr\ vQX~vvQq&`l@y~
mh`c`r\y @w`~ms~ @pY~sr\ h` a$n~ @pY~sr\ nm#w~wQy @mrtt p#mQN
s~@vc|C` sAvQ{`n amw` @q~Xnyk~q pvw~v` wQbQNQ.
@m| swQ@y~qW iwQ@y`~pQy`nR rjy @n`~r\@v| r`j&y wm r@tQ ax&n~wr
ktyRwOvlt m#qQhw~vn bv pvsmQn~ @n`~r\@v| w`n`pwQ nQl{`rWhR hy@q@nk~
rtQn~ pQtRvhl~ kQrWmt kYQy` k@L~y.
@n`~r\vWjQy`nRvn~ iwQ@y`~pQy`@v| h` erQwYQy`@v| sQtQn
grQl~l` kN~d`ym|vlt sh`y qk~vn bvt iwQ@y`~pQy` rjy vQsQn~ q#dQ
@ls @q`~;`@r`~pNy kr a#w. ovRn~ apYQk` wOdRv as~}`vr ww~w~vykt
pw~ kQrWmt uw~s`h krnv` y#yQ iwQ@y`~pQy`nR vQ@q~X am`w&`AXy
pvs` a#w.
@n`~r\vWjQy`nR rjy vQsQn~ iwQ@y`~pQy` sh erQwYQy` @q~XsWm`v
pQLQb[ s`kc|C` ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ mRls~}`n@y~ p#v#w~vWmt wWrNy
kr a#wQ awr It wmn~ ekMvn~@n~ n#w#yQ iwQ@y`~pQy`v s[hn~ kr wQ@b|.
@n`~r\@v|jQy`nR w`n`pwQ nQl{`rWn~ pQtRvhl~ kQrWm nQs` wmn~
km|pnyt pw~ vR bv @n`~r\@v| vQ@q~X a#m#wQ pvs` a#w.
ar\bRq pvwQn rtvl ax&n~wr a`rk;k ktyRwO s[h` @n`~r\vWjQy`nRvn~
m#qQhw~ vR mRl~ avs~}`v @my @n`@v|.
2002 sh 2004 vr\;vlqW @n`~r\vWjQy`nR vQ@q~X am`w&`AXy vQsQn~
@k`tQn~t @kY`~n~ mQlQyn 17.5 k~ lb`qW wQbQNQ.
@m| awr hQtpR jn`{QpwQnQy yLQw~ vrk~ @mrt @q~Xp`ln h`
a`rk;k krLQy @vw p#mQN a#w. a`N~dRvk~ wYs~wv`qWn~ @ls kYQy`kL
yRwO n#w#yQ a#y pvs` wQ@b|.
@mhQqW apQ awWwy sQhQpw~ kL yRwOy. pYx`krn~@gn~ y`pn ar\{q~vWpy
mRq`g#nWm s[h` eq` nQ@y`~j& a`rk;k am`w&vry` rQvQrFs @m@hyRm
qQyw~ kQrWmt nQymQwv wQbQyqW ln~dn@y~ qYvQd sRpQrQ kl~lQy a#yv
hmRvW ekW @m@hyRm nwr krn~n#yQ il~l` wQbQNQ.
a#yq em @m@hyRm nwr kQrWmt uw~s`h q#r$ bv an`vrNy vQy. e@s~m
evkt nQ@y`~j& @p`lQs~pwQvrykO @k`LB qYvQd l#MOm|hl~ vtlq~qW
lAk` km|kr# @k`AgYs@y~ h` lQbrl~ pk;@y~ aykO a#yv hmRvW em v#tlWm|
nwr kQrWmt kQYy` krn lqW. ehQ pYwQPly vR@y~ kOmk~q? a#yv G`wny
kQrWmt p#mQNQ @k`tQ k`n~w`v nwrv sQtQ@y~ @k`t@h~@n~ l#MOm|hlky.
@m| @k`tQ k`n~w`vt @b`~m|b kb`y an~qnR l#bR@v| @m`~qr k`lQ
am|m`@g~ @k`~vQ@l~qWy.
"wYs~wv`qWn~t @w~@rn x`;`v wYs~wv`qy pmNyQ. ovRn~t @w~@rn
x`;`@vn~ pYwQc`r q#k~vQy yRwO" y#yQ IXY`yl@y~ hQtpR agm#wQvrykO
vR e~rQyn~ ;#@r`n~ vrk~ kQy` sQtQ@y~y."
@mv#nQ vQ@tk hQtpR jn`{QpwQnQy@g~ pYk`Xy pQLQgw yRwOq?
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