sh^q sthn~ rF@gn en bRq~{Q

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glp~pw~wQ nm| ap sh^qy` vsr gNn`vk ptn~ "sh^q sthn~" os~@s~
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@n`@v|. ohR ehQqW ohR@g~m sh^qyn~ vQ@v|cnyt lk~ k@L~ y. @p_q~glQk
hQwvw~km|vlt sRqE hRNR g$m s[h` "sh^q sthn~" ivhl~ kr gn~nt
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e~v` q#dQ @ls vQ@v|cny krn~ntw~ vR nQs` m "sh^q sthn~" wWr#
lQpQy awQXy jnpQYy vQy. e@s~ m e~ wOLQn~ vQvQ{ mwv`q @g`dn#MWmw~,
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bvyQ.
bhRwryk~ p`Tkyn~@g~ a`qry, pYs`qy qQn` gw~ bRq~{Q@g~ "sh^q
sthn~" k^wQyk~ @ls jngw @k@rn~@n~ eb#vQnQ.
cnqYQk` vQ@j~sRn~qr@g~w~, smRqY @vw~wsQAh@g~w~ il~lWm prQqQ
2002 vsr ag x`g@y~qW bRq~{Q "sh^q sthn~" a`rm|x k@L~ qQgQn~
qQgtm @pLgs~vn~nt @n`@v|. ekMw`v pLvW wQbR@N~ ek~ wWr# lQpQykt
sWm` vn~nt y. e@hw~ bRq~{Q@g~ pLmR sthnQn~ s$hWmkt pw~ @n`vR
cnqYQk`w~, smRqYw~ eyt n#vwW@m| lkON w#bWm pYwQ@k;~p kL awr
bRq~{Q @m| vn vQt wWr# lQpQ @qsWykt v#dQ pYm`Nyk~ "sh^q sthn~"
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wOn~ kltm ucQw vn @s~ ohR w#bR "sh^q sthn~" awrQn~ wWr#
lQpQ wQs~ hyk~ eL@Bn s`hQw& m`sy @vnR@vn~ gYn~}`r$D @k@rnR
a#w. hrQyt m qQny @mm s#p~w#m|br\ 04 v#nQ aMhr#v`q`y. s~}`ny
XWY lAk` pqnm| a`ywny vn awr @v|l`v svs 4.00 y. iw`m c`m| u@Llk~
vn ehQ mRlsRn @hbvnR@y~ mh`c`r\y sRcrQw gm|lw~ vQsQnQ. "sh^q
m@n`~@g~ q$sQn~ qkQn sh^q bRq~{Q" m#@yn~ jylw~ m@n`~rw~n @qsRmk~
pvw~vyQ. @l~Kn jWvQw@y~ a`rm|x@y~ sQt bRq~{Qt aw~v#lk~ vR
@j&;~T k`n~w` m`{&@v|qWn~ wQ@qnkO vn XQYy` rw~nk`r, Iv` rNvWr
h` sRmn` sprm`qE yn ayt @mhQqW "sh^q sthn~" mRl~ pQtpw~ pQrQn#@mnR
a#w. @mm avs~}`@v| pY{`n @q~Xny pvw~vnR@y~ @j&;~T mh`c`r\y
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kvQykO @lsQnQ. sRnQl~ a`rQyrw~nw~, jylw~ m@n`~rw~nw~ smM ohR
"@q`@L`s~ m@h~ phN" nm#wQ k`v& sAgYhyt ek~vQy. ew#n~ ptn~ 2003
vs@r\ pLvR "qvs @htyQ" qk~v` kvQ @p`w~ hwk~ ohR vQsQn~ lQy`
pLkrnR l#b a#w. eyQn~ "nQX~cl r`wQYy", "@q@qn`m qQyNQ@y`~", "wOr#LQy
akOr#vQy" k^wQ s[h` r`j& sm|m`n hQmQ vQy. @ktQ kw` sAgYh
kQhQpyk~ q eLQqk~v` a#wQ bRq~{Q 1970 sQt mh`c`r\y eqQrQvWr
src|cn~qYyn~@g~ mn@m| n`t&@yn~ aAg rcn` kl`vt q pQvQsQ@y~ y.
ew#n~ ptn~ vsr kQhQpyk~ ek pQt ek @h`[m aAg rcn` XQl~pQy` @ls
sm|m`n lbmQn~ aq qk~v` pYvWN, a`{RnQk, wr#N n`t&kr#vn~@g~ nQr\m`N
s[h` ohR aAg rcn@yn~ q`yk vn~@n~ kQsQqE @x~qykQn~ @w`rvy. gWw
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a{&k~; @lsq ohR ktyRwO k@L~y. @l`@vn~ e@kk~ ek~ @qykt @vyQ smw
yn~n mRs`vk~ krmQn~ @mkW vQvQ{ @]~wYyn~ os~@s~ ohR l#bR aw~q#kWm|
@b`@h`~myk~ apRr# @ls @g`nR krgn~nt "sh^q sthn~" ivhl~ vRv`t
s#k n#w. @b`@h`~ @qnkOt kQyn~nt @b`@h`~ @q~ a#ww~ e~ s[h`
m`vwk~ n#w. bRq~{Q e~ awQn~ v`sn`vn~wykO @s~ apQ qkQmR. ohR@g~
p#wQr#NR bRq~{Q pr`sy pYkt krn~nt ohRt idk~ l#bW a#w. ohR eyQn~
uprQm Pl pY@y`~jn @nL` gn~@n~ @p`qE@v| sm`jyWy avX&w` h[En`
gw~wkO vX@ynQ. sQy p$n~ wOdQn~ nQkOw~ vn s$m vcnykQn~m sm`j@y~
a[Er# p#wQ @pn~v` @qmQn~ ohRt vQ;yy vR s`hQw&@y~ pYgmny u@qs`
k#pvn~nkO @ls apQ ohR qkQmR. e~ "sh^q sthn~" @k@rhQ ohR qk~vn
avAk bv ehQ s$m vcnykQn~m pQLQBQbR vn b#vQnQ.
m`wr gn~qr g@m| ipqW h#qW v#dRNR bRq~{q`s glp~pw~wQ @blQaw~w
XYW pz~z`nn~q mQXY p`TX`l`@vn~ mRlQn~m akOr# k@L~y. psRv m`wr
X`n~w sr\@v|;s~ vQq&`l@yn~ uss~ @pL smw~v 1969 vs@r\qW XYW lAk`
vQ@q&`~qy vQX~vvQq&`lyt a#wOLw~v X`s~wY@v|qW up`{Qy l#bR@v|y.
vsr kQhQpyk ptn~ XYW jyvr\{npRr vQX~vvQq&`l@y~ (vQ@q&`~qy) @l~Kkw~v
h` jn sn~nQ@v|qn dQp~@l`~m` @mn~m X`s~wYpwQ p`Tm`l`@v|q b`hQr
k}Qk`c`r\yvrykO vR ohR e~ sQyl~l awr s`hQw& nQr\m`N k`r\yyt
mRlQkw~vy @qn~@n~y.
s`hQw& nQr\m`Nyk~ kQrWm ewrm| phsR ktyRw~wk~ @n`@v|. e~ s[h`
pYwQx`v pmNk~ pYm`Nvw~ @n`vn~n` @s~m e@s~ krn~n` vR nQr\m`Nyk~
gYn~}yk~ @ls p`Tkyn~ awt pw~ kQrWm Itw~ vd` awQ qE;~kr k`r\yykQ.
vw~mn~ sm`j@y~ pvwQn a`r\}Qk ar\bRq smg stn~ vqQn hRqW jny`t
kOsgQnQ nQv` gn~ntw~ vw~kmk~ aq n#w. e@hv| aykO @p`wk~ mQlqW
gn~@n~ @k@s~q..? e@hw~ bRq~{Q eq` @mq` wOr ohR vQsQn~ lQy` pL
kL sQylE k^wWn~ ohR vQsQn~m p`Tkyn~ @vw rF@gn yn lqW. e~ ohR@g~
uw~s`hyyQ. ohR@g~m a`qrNWy p`TkykO vR srsvQ pYk`Xk ec|.dW. @p~YmsQrQ
mhw` "sh^q sthn~" pYk`Xn k`r\yy x`rg#nWm bRq~{Qt mhw~ as~v#sQl~lk~
vQy. pYk`XkykO awt pw~vn bRq~{Q@g~ pY}m gYn~}y vn~@n~q "sh^q
sthn~"y.
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s`hQw&yt kl`vt mhMO @m@hvrk~ sQqEkL awWw kl`kr#vn~ sQhQ g#n~vWmtq
bRq~{Q sh^q sth@nn~ idk~ @vn~ krn~nt amwk k@L~ n#w. @mvr
src|cn~qY smr# qQny @mrt sQylE m`{&yn~t amwk@vq~qW bRq~{Q e~
yRwOkm mh h#r wQbR@N~ n#w. ev#nQ sRvQ@X~;w` rFsk~ "sh^q
sthn~"hQ an~wr\gw @v|. @my ek~ k^wQykQn~ sWm` krn~nt kQsQ@s~w~m
bRq~{Qt idk~ @n`l#@bnR a#w. mn~q "sh^q sthn~" @myQn~ @n`nvwQn
b#vQnQ. bRq~{Q "qQvyQn" pRvw~pwt lQyR "ab|lQk~ @k`lm"
uphs`w~mk wWr# lQpQy awQXy jnpYQy vWmw~ smg "sh^q sthn~" s[h`
ohRt @q`rgOU vQvr vQy. e~ gm@n~ @kLvrk~ qkQn~nt ohR k#m#wQ
vRvq p`Tkyn~ ohRt e~ s[h` idk~ lb` @n`@qnR a#w. p$@nhQ wWn~w
a#wQ wOr` lQy` ew#nQn~ nvwQn~nt q#n~ ohRt idk~ n#w. vQy yRw~@w~q
eym @n`@v|q? s`hQw&y nQr\m`Nyk Pl @nL` gn~@n`~ p`Tk@y`~y. ey
ovRn~@g~ ayQwQv`sQkmkQ. ekW ayQwQv`sQkm ul~lAGny kQrWmt sh^q
bRq~{Q..... obt ayQwQyk~ n#w. e~ @vnR@vn~ apQ obt sRb pwmR.