@m@hm m#NQk~ h$r#@v`w~ rw~npR@rw~ gQl`
bhWvQ
@g`dbQm| wOL pwl~ k#pWm mgQn~ sQqE vn p`rQsrQk vQn`Xy e@s~
@vq~qW nvWn w`k~;Ny h` ek~vR alEw~m w`@l~ m#NQk~ g#rW@m| kYmyk~
q#v#n~w skr\ yn~wY up@y`~gQ kr @gn gAg` a`XYQwv sQqE kQrWmt
ptn~ g#nWmw~ smMm ekW pY@q~X a`XYQwv sQqE vn p`rQsrQk vQn`Xy
h` s~v`x`vQk vQpw~q sWgY@yn~ ihL @g`s~ wQ@b|. rw~npRr
qQs~wYQk~ky hrh` gl`bsQn krvQt gM, kU gM, @v|. gM h` kOr# g@M~
@mm a{Qbl#wQ skr\ m#;Qn~ mgQn~ krn m#NQk~ g#rWm vQX`l ayRrQn~
sQqE @v|. @m| mgQn~ gAg` ivRr# h` pwOl q vQX`l @ls K`qnyt x`jn
@v|. em gAg`vl jly q#dQ @ls apQrQsQqEvWm @mn~m jlj jWvWn~ q
@b`@h`myk~ v[vWmt lk~v a#w.
s~v`x`vQk sm|pw~ vlQn~ anRn rtk~ vn XYW lAk`v @l`~ky pRr`
awWw@y~ sQt pYsQq~{Qyt p`wY vW a#w~@w~ m#NQk~ nm#wQ awQ qEr\lx
h` a{Qk vtQn`kmkQn~ yRwO p`;`Ny ap rt wOL pQhQt` wQbW@mnQ. @l`~k@y~
pvwQn m#NQk~ nQ{Q pQLQb[v kw` kQrW@m|qW pLmR@vn~m kQy#@vn~@n~
XYW lAk`v g#nyQ. XYW lAk`@v| m#NQk~ g#n v#dQm pYsQq~{Qyk~
usRln~@n~ rw~npRr qQs~wYQk~kyyQ.
e@hw~ em ur#my kr#myk~ krgw~ @mm pY@q~Xvl a#w#m| pQrQs~
vQsQn~ pwl~ k#pWm sh m#NQk~ g#rWm s[h` x`vQw` krn avQ{Qmw~
kYQy` pQLQ@vw nQs` iwQh`s@y~ @n`vR vQr$ p`rQsrQk vQn`Xyk~ sQqE
vn~nt ptn~ @gn wQ@b|. nvWn w`k~;NQk h` a{Qbl#wQ yn~wY sRwY @y`q`@gn
sQqE krn alEw~m w`@l~ m#NQk~ g#rWm nQs` sQqE vn p`rQsrQk
vQn`Xy sQy qhs~ gNnQn~ ihL @g`s~ wQ@b|.
vr\wm`n@y~ pwl~ kr\m`n~w@y~ nQy#@ln @b`@h`myk~ uw~s`h qrn~@n~
wvw~ vsr sQy qhs~ gNnk~ Pl pY@y`~jn gw h#kQ @mm vtQn` sm|pw
qQnyk~ @qkk~ wOLQn~ sm|pRr\N@yn~m @g`d g#nWmty. e~ s[h` ovRn~
nvWn w`k~;Ny up@y`~gW kr@gn nQ;~p`qny kL a{Qbl#wQ yn~wY sRwY @y`q`
@gn gAg` a#L @q`L @prl` qmn~@n~ an`gw prpRr s[h` @mm sm|p@w~
slkONk~vw~ iwQrQ @n`kry. e@mn~m ovRn~ ehQqW apt s~vx`v {r\my`
vQsQn~ ur#m kr a#wQ sRn~qr prQsry ehQ pvwQn qQy a#LQ, @kw~ vwO
sr#s`r krmQn~ gl` bsQn gAg` a#l @q`l, p`nWy jl mRl`XY @mn~m
ehQ @v@sn sw` sQv|p`vn~ @h`~ @p_r`NQk ur#myn~ g#n q bQ[k~vw~ @n`sQwmQnQ.
@m| awr vr\wm`n@y~ @k@rn avQ{Qmw~ pwl~ kr\m`n~wy @h~wO@vn~
a#w#mRn~@g~ k#m#w~w h` akm#w~w a#wQv prm|pr` gNn`vk~ sQy qhs~
gNnk@g~ kOsgQn~n nQv`lR sr#s`r kOBRr# idm| ak~kr sQy gNnQn~
r`j& h` pRq~glQk aAXyt ayw~ @w~ h` rbr\ idm| r#pQyl~ mQlQyn
gNnQn~ v#y kr iqQ kL mh` m`r\g, @b`~k~kO h` q#v#n~w p`lm|, @qmhl~,
@wmhl~, @g`dn#gQlQ h` nQv`s a#wOU sm|pw~ rFsk~q vQn`Xyt lk~v
a#w.
@m| an~qmt vr\wm`n@y~ vQX`lwm p`rQsrQk vQn`Xyk~ pwl~ kr\m`n~wy
wOLQn~ sQqE @vq~qW sm`jyWy h` @s_K&my g#tlE rFsk~ q @mm
avQ{Qmw~ pwl~ kr\m`n~wy @h~wO@vn~ uq~gwv wQ@b|. xSgw p`nWy jl
mRl`XY sQ[Wy$m h` q#dQ @ls jly apQrQsQqE vWmw~ lk~v wQ@b|. @q`~n`
h` umn~ pwl~ k#pWm @mn~m a{Qbl#wQ skr\ m#;Qn~ h` b#@k`~ yn~wY
up@y`~gW kr @gn sQqE krn vQn`Xk`rW pwl~ k#pWm| @h~wO@vn~ nQv`s
irQwl` pRpRr` gQl` b#sWm h` kd` v#tWm @h~wO@vn~ a#w#mRn~t
un~hQtQ w#n~q ahQmQv wQ@b|.
m#NQk~ g#rWm pY{`n vX@yn~ @k`ts~ @qkk~ yt@w~ @vn~ kr q#k~vQy
h#kQy.
01. @g`dbQm| a`XYQw m#NQk~ g#rWm (k~b` i~Q#` cse psbsbt-
02. gAg` a#L@q`L a`XYQwv m#NQk~ g#rWm (rsd#r i#` t#p psbsbt-
anvs@rn~ sh nWwQ vQ@r`~{W ayRrQn~ avQ{Qmw~ @ls sQqE krn pwl~
k#nWm| wOLQn~ sQqE vn awQmhw~ p`rQsrQk vQn`Xy vLk~v` lWm s[h`
m#NQk~ h` s~vr\N`xrN a{Qk`rQy vQsQn~ prQsr hQwk`mW pwl~ kr\m`n~w
kYmy h[En~v` qW wQ@b|. e@hw~ It vr\wm`n@y~ mh` prQm`N@yn~ kr\m`n~w@y~
nQy#@ln pQrQs~ anRgw @n`vn ayRr# qk~nt l#@b|.
@mrt s~vA@p`~;Qw a`r\}Qkyk~ p#v#wQ eq` rj k`l@y~ pv` p#v#wQ
rw~npRr qQs~wYQk~k@y~ krvQt, nQvQwQgl, p#l~mdRl~l, rw~npRr,
khvw~w, kOr#vQt, a#h#lQy@g`d a#wOU pY@q~X gNn`vkm p#v#wQ sr#s`r
kOBRr# y`yvl~ wOL mh` prQm`N m#NQk~ pwl~ k#pWm ptn~ @gn wQ@b|.
b#@k`~ yn~wY k#tpQlr\ yn~wY h` a{Qbl#wQ jl @m`~tr\ up@y`~gW kr@gn
@g`dbQm wOL sQqE krn m#NQk~ g#rWm nQs` @k;~wY gNn`vktm mRqlQn~
wk~@s~r# kQrWmt @n`h#kQ wrm| vQX`l p`rQsrQk h`nQyk~ sQqEv a#w.
rw~npRr qQs~wYQk~k@y~ phLkrvQt @k`t@sw~ p#l~mdRl~l
ngr`sn~nv pQhQtQ kOBRr# y`yvl~ kWpykm sQqE krn mh` prQm`N pwl~
k#pWm| nQs` ekW pY@q~X wOL p`rQsrQk sm`jWy h` @s_K& g#tlE
rFsk~m uq~gwv wQ@b|. q#nt XYW lAk`@v| sQqE @k@rn vQX`lwm m#NQk~
pwl @mm phLkrvQt pY@q~X@y~ arb|bd, v[Er#@k`lEv sh w#bhQtQy yn
idm| wOl p#wQr pvwQyQ. m#NQk~ h` s~vr\N`xrN a{Qk`rQy vQsQn~
@mm pwl h[En~v` a#w~@w~ mh` prQm`N v&`p^wQyk~ vX@ynQ. arb|bd
kOBRr# y`y pRr` p#wQr#nR @mm pwl~ @p`l vr\g adQ asRwOn~qhsk~
(83,000) wrm| vQX`ly. a{Qbl#wQ pWdn yn~wY h` b#@k`~ yn~wY
vQX`l @ls @y`q` @gn sQqE krn @mm pwly p`r# gl qk~v` g#rWm|
sQqE kryQ. ihL sQt b#lRvQt ey vQX`l ag`qykQ. ehQ pwOv@l~ sQtQn
mQnQ@sk~vw~ @g`dbQ@m| sQt b#lR vQt @n`@p@nn wrm|y.
@mm pY@q~X s[h` v#sQ l#@bn k`lyt ehQ jly pQr#nR vQt s#bvQn~m
jl`Xyk sQrQyk~ gnQyQ. wq v#sQ l#bRNR k`lyt e~ aslQn~ gmn~ gn~n`
@ql~vl gM smg q @mm vQX`l pY@q~Xyk~ pRr` p#wQr#nR v@l~ jl k[ q
ekt ekwO@v|. e@ls ekwOvn vQX`l jl k[ phw~ bQm| ytkr@gn gl`
bsQyQ. psRv ehQ iwQrQvn jly hQs~ kQrWm s[h` a{Qbl#wQ pWdn
yn~wY kWpyk~ @y`q`@gnw~ swQ wOnk pmN k`lyk~ gw@v|. @m@ls a{Qbl#wQ
pWdn yn~wY @y`q`@gn p`r#gl qk~v` h`r` a#wQ @mm vQX`l ag`q@y~
jly hQs~ kQrW@mn~ psRv avt pY@q~Xvl jl mRl`XY, qQy ul~pw~vl h`
LQA wOL jly sQ[W ynR a#w.
e@mn~m @mm pw@l~ v#sQ k`lyt ekwOvn jly pQt`r g#lWm sh vl hs~
krn vQt pQt vn jl k[ pwl~ v@l~ ps~ k[Ew~ @s`~q`@gn gl` y$@mn~
e~ phL pQhQtQ hwrlQyq~q h` qm|phl a#wOU kOBRr# y`yvl~ vlt
vQX`l @ls h`nQ sQqEv @v|. gl` yn @r`m| md wtQtR vg` kr a#wQ vW
vg`vn~tq h`nQ sQqE@v|.
@mm pwl k`lyk~ kr@gn e~m wOLQn~ pY@q~X@y~ wr#N pQrQskt
rFkQy` l#bW kWp @q@nkO@g~ awmQt yhmQn~ sr# vRvq It vd` vQX`l
pQrQsk@g~ jn jWvQwyt h` sms~w prQsr pq~{wQytq mRqlQn~ mQl kL @n`h#kQ
wrm| awQmhw~ vQn`Xyk~ sQqE @v|.
@m| awr imk~ @k`nk~ @n`wk` sQqE krn @q`~n` pwl~ k#pWm nQs`q
@mm pY@q~X wOL r`j& h` pRq~glQk @q~plvlt sQqEvn h`nQy sRU ptR
@n`@v|. r#pQyl~ mQlQyn gNnQn~ v#y kr iqQ kL mh` m`r\g, p`lm|,
@b`~k~kO, mhl~ @g`dn#gQlQ a`qQy irQwl` pRpRr` gQl`b#sWmtw~,
kd`v#tWmtw~ lk~v a#w. psRgQy k`ly wOL r`j& mRqlQn~ sh vQ@q~X
Ny a`{`r mgQn~ iqQ kL rw~npRr- a#BQlQpQtQy, blA@g`d - p#l~mdRl~l,
p`nqEr - rw~npRr, klv`n - rw~npRr mh` m`r\g h` khvw~w,
nQvQwQgl, a#h#lQy@g`d h` kOr#vQt a#wOU ngr s[h` pQvQsRm| m`r\gvlq
gQl` b#sWmtw~, p#wQ b#mQ kd`v#tWm| q sQqEv wQ@b|. @mm pY@q~Xvl
n`yy$m| gA ivRr# kd`v#tWm| h` gAvwOr g#lWm| v#nQ s~v`x`vQk
vQpw~q a#wQvWmt pY{`n @h~wOvk~v a#w. wvq r`j& @g`dn#gQlQ sh
nQv`sq pRpRr` irQwl` gQl` b#sWmt h` kd`v#tW@m| avq`nmtq @g`qEr#v
a#w. iw` qEk~ mhn~sQ@yn~ wn`gw~ sQy nQv`s @mv#nQ ww~w~vyn~t
pw~vW@mn~ em pQrQs~ q#dQ qEk~ w#vQl~lt h` asrNw`vyt pw~v a#w.
rw~npRr qQs~wYQk~k@y~ a#h#lQy@g`d krvQt, nQvQwQgl, p#l~mdRl~l,
kOr#vQt yn pY@q~X wOL @mm @q`~n` pwl~ k#pWm| bhRlv sQqE@k@r\.
krvQt phl @k`t@s~ r#phQn~@g~ vw~w wOl aqtw~ sQqE krn mh
p`rQm`N @q`n` pwl~ k#pWm| h` arm|bd, v[Er#@k`lEv @mn~m w#bhQtQy
yn idm| vlq b#@k`~ yn~wY @y`q` mh` prQm`N@yn~ pwl~ k#pW@mn~ jW.
a`r\. sRj`w` mhw~mQy@g~ @qmhl~ nQvs a#wOU nQv`s kWpykt h`nQ
sQqEv a#w. sRj`w` mhw~mQy@g~ nQvst adQ hwlQs~ phk~ (45) pmN
qErQn~ em nQvs @qst sQqE krn wtQtR kYmyt h`rn @q`n` pwl~ h`
asl idm|vl b#@k`~ yn~wY @y`q` sQqE krn pwl~ k#nWm| @h~wO@vn~
a#y@g~ nQvst q#dQ al`x h`nQ sQqEv a#wQ bv m#NQk~ h` s~vr\N`xrN
a{Qk`rQ@y~ iAjQ@n~r#vn~ vQsQn~ lb` @qn lq v`r\w` mgQn~q @pn~v`
qW wQ@b|. @mm @qmhl~ nQv@s~ @p`Lv, bQw~wQ h` aw~wQv`rmtq h`nQ
sQqE @vmQn~ vQX`l @ls pRpRr` @g`s~ wQ@b|. @mm avQ{Qmw~ pwl~ kr\m`n~wy
nQs` @mm pY@q~X wOL wvw~ nQv`s a#wOU r`j& a`ywnvl @g`dn#gQlQvlt
@m| an~qmt brpwl @ls h`nQ sQqEv a#w. e@mn~m @g`vQjn nWwQ q
ul~lAGny krmQn~ sQqE krn @mm pwl~ k#pWm| @h~wO@vn~ pY@q~X@y~
k^;Qk`r\mQk ktyRwOvltq wr\jnyk~v a#w.
@g`dbQm| wOL pwl~ k#pWm mgQn~ sQqE vn p`rQsrQk vQn`Xy e@s~
@vq~qW nvWn w`k~;Ny h` ek~vR alEw~m w`@l~ m#NQk~ g#rW@m| kYmyk~
q#v#n~w skr\ yn~wY up@y`~gQ kr @gn gAg` a`XYQwv sQqE kQrWmt
ptn~ g#nWmw~ smMm ekW pY@q~X a`XYQwv sQqE vn p`rQsrQk vQn`Xy
h` s~v`x`vQk vQpw~q sWgY@yn~ ihL @g`s~ wQ@b|.
rw~npRr qQs~wYQk~ky hrh` gl`bsQn krvQt gM, kU gM, @v|. gM
h` kOr# g@M~ @mm a{Qbl#wQ skr\ m#;Qn~ mgQn~ krn m#NQk~ g#rWm
vQX`l ayRrQn~ sQqE @v|. @m| mgQn~ gAg` ivRr# h` pwOl q vQX`l @ls
K`qnyt x`jn @v|. em gAg`vl jly q#dQ @ls apQrQsQqEvWm @mn~m jlj
jWvWn~ q @b`@h`myk~ v[vWmt lk~v a#w.
@l`rQ a#n~jQn~ up@y`~gQ kr@gn nQpqv` a#wQ @mm a{Qbl#wQ skr\
m#;Qn~ vl q#v#n~w v#kOm| nl m`r\g@yn~ gA pwO@l~ pvwQn p@s~ brm
sAGtky vn m#NQk~ il~lmq kQsQqE aphsRvkQn~ @w`rv @g`dbQmt a#q @qnR
blyQ. q#v#n~w p`r#vk svQ krn @mm skr\ m#;Qn~ gM m#q~qt @gn @g`s~
m#NQk~ g#rWm sQqE kryQ. @mm skr\ m#;Qmk~ kYQy`kQrW@m| qW e~
wOLQn~ pQt krn Xb|qy s#wpRmk~ wrm| qErkt p#wQ@r\. jly mw @mm
m#;Qn~ kYQy`kQrW@m| qW a#wQvn km|pnyt lk~vn mw~s&yn~ @b`@h`myk~
m#rW e~ avt jl@y~ p`@vmQn~ wQ@bn ayRr# q#kgw h#kQy.
gAg` wOl iw` phsR@vn~ h` ikQmnQn~ m#NQk~ g#rWmt h#kQ kYmyk~
@ls slkn awr e~ s[h` vr\wm`n@y~ vQX`l n#BRr#w`vk~ @pn~nRm|
kryQ. nmRw~ e~ wOLQn~ gAg` ivRr# a#wOU prQsryt sQqE krn h`nQy
an~ kvr kYmyktw~ vd` vQX`ly. gAg` ivRr# h` pwOl vQX`l @ls
K`qnyt lk~v bl` i[Qq~qW kd` v#@tQ. gAvwOr g#lWm| a#wOU
s~vx`vQk vQpw~ rFsktq @mm m#NQk~ g#rW@m| kYmy pYbl @ls blp`
a#w.
@m| awr gAg` a`XYQwv @b`~tQtR h` a#qEm| pwl~ kr\m`n~wyq vr\wm`n@y~
vQX`l vQn`Xyk~ sQqE krn ww~w~vyt pw~v a#w. pY{`n gAg` h` awO
gAg` a`XYQwv sQqE krn @mm pwl~ k#pW@m| kYm wOLQn~ prQsryt sQqE
vn h`nQy iw` brpwl nQs` @mm pwl~ k#pW@m| kYm sm|pRr\N@yn~ nWwQ@yn~
whnm| kQrWm rjy ktyRwO kr a#w. e@hw~ nWwQ vQ@r`~{W h` anvsr@yn~
sQqE krn @mm m#NQk~ g#rW@m| kYm rw~npRr qQs~wYQk~k@y~ gAg`
a`XYQwv bhRlv sQqE vWm iw` kng`tRq`yk ww~w~vykQ.