rt vnsn vQj`wQk @prmRNt e@rhQv
rt qQnvn s#b$ j`wQk @prmRNk avX&w`v
@g`~lWykrN mQw&`v h` j`wQk r`j&y
p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wYW nn~qn gONwQlk

@l`~k @q~Xp`lny wOL "j`wQk r`j&y" wvqErtw~ y}`r\}yk~ @n`@v|y yn~n nRwn h` pX~c`w~ nRwn mwv`qyn~ wOL mwOkrn pYkt pYv`qykQ. eyt @h~wOv @ls adR v#dQ vX@yn~ em mw nQr\m`pkyn~ qk~vn~@n~ InQy` @l`~k sAs~k^wQyk, enm| vQq&`@v|, w`k~;N@y~, kl`@v|, qr\Xnv`qyn~@g~ @g`~lWy sAvr\{n@y~ pYwQPlyk~ @ls a`r\}Qk@y~, @q~Xp`ln@y~ h` sm`j@y~ "wnQ @g`~lWy sAvr\{nyk~" @hvw~ j`wQk sWm`vn~ ik~mv` yn @@en~qYWy sm|bn~{w` shQw @g`~lWy sAvr\{nyw~, nRwn pX~c`w~ nRwn @l`~ky wOL kYm@yn~ bQhQvn @h`~ bQhQ @k@rn @h`~ bvyQ.

e~ wOL @q~Xp`lny, a`r\}Qky @h`~ sm`jy wvqErtw~ "j`wQk" sWm`vl~ wOL sQr@k`t wb`gw @n`h#kQ bvw~ o|n$m rtkt @h`~ j`wQykt @h`~ wm j`wQk sWm`vn~ k#m#w~@wn~ @h`~ akm#w~@wn~ @h`~ ik~mv` @g`s~ @mkW @q~Xp`ln, a`r\}Qk h` sm`j @g`~lWykrNy h` b#[Wmt sQqEvn bvw~ ovRhR vQs~wr krwQ.

s#b#vQn~m @m| mwy iqQrQpw~ krn~nn~ wmn~ vQsQn~ @m@s~ @y`~jn` krn "@n`v#L#k~vQy h#kQ" j`wQk r`j&yn~@g~ bQ[W y`mw~, eyt e@rhQv "@l`~k r`j&@y~" @hvw~ "@g`~lWy r`j&@y~" phlvWmw~ ynR an~ kQsQvk~ @n`v, 90 qXk@y~ e~k{Y#vWy krNy krn` lq nv @l`~k@y~ "w`rk` yRq s#lsRm|" sh "@g`~lWykrN kw`" hrh` wWvYr krn lq a{Qr`j&v`qW mwv`q@y~ vRvmn`vn~y.

@mm InQy` @g`~lWykrN mwv`qy psRps sQtQn qr\Xnv`qW mhw~vr# wmn~ kQsQ@s~w~ a{Qr`j&v`qW vRvmn`vn~ nQ@y`~jny @n`krn bvw~, wmn~ "sQqE@vmQn~ pvwQn @qy" @hvw~ "@n`v#l#k~vQy h#kQ @qy" q`r\XnQkv vQgYh krn~nn~ pmNk~ vn bvw~ @pn~vWmt uw~s`h qrn~@n~ vRvq, ovRn~ nQymQn~ @h`~ anQymQn~ @p`~;Ny krn~@n~ "a{Qr`j&v`q@y~ qr\Xnv`qy" bv aq iw` @h`[Qn~ eLQqrv| @vmQn~ pvwW.

ey e@s~ vn~@n~ @mkW j`wQk r`j& sWm` bQ[ qmn "@g`~lWy sAvr\{ny ynR sm`j sAvr\{n@y~" @n`v#l#k~vQyh#kQ ww~w~vykt vd` em sm`j sAvr\{n kYQy`vlQy wm a{QpwQ @q~Xp`ln vRvmn`vn~ itR kr g#nWm s[h` "iw` q#nRvw~v, @q~Xp`lnQkv" @y`q` g#nWmk~ bv aq @vn kvrq`ktvw~ @h`[Qn~ @pn~v` @qmQn~ wQbWmy.

@mkW "@g`~lWy sAvr\{ny" wOL aq vn vQt XYW lAk`v v#nQ prQ{Q@y~ vn bhRwryk~ r`j&ynt ur#mkrqW a#w~@w~ kOmk~q? qEp~pw~km, Nyg#wQbv, kOsgQn~n, yRq~{y, mLmQnW @g`dg#sWm v#nQ a{Qr`j&v`qW @k`l~lk`rWw~vy vQsQn~ apt ur#m kr@qn bhRvQ{ vQn`Xk`rW pYwQPl @n`@v|q? ihw kW qr\Xnv`q@y~ a`vrNy lbn "@g`~lWy sAvr\{n kYQy`vlQy" a@p~ j`wQk r`j&yn~ vQnQvQq ymQn~ psRgQy qXk wOnk k`lyk~ pRr` @n`msRr#v apt lb`@qmQn~ a#w~@w~ em qEp~pw~km, Nyg#wQ bv, kOsgQn~n, r#{Qr gAg`, mLmQnW h#@rn~nt an~ kvrk~q?

em "@g`~lWykrN" @hvw~ a{Qr`j&v`qW "nv lQbrl~v`qW" mwv`q@y~ srN gQy XYW l`AkWy vQv^w a`r\}Qk @m`dly vQsQn~ h` "vQv^w a`r\}Qkyt m`nR;Qk mRhRNRvrk~ qW@m|" @m`dly vQsQn~ kr a#w~@w~ ap wv wvw~ bthQr a{Qr`j&v`q@y~ @g`qErk~ bvt pw~ kQrWm @n`vn~@n~q?

@vn kvrq`tvw~ vd` a@p~ @q~Xp`lny, a@p~ a`r\}Qky, a@p~ sm`jy hsRr#vn~nt vQj`wQk bl@v|gvlt idkd l#bW a#w~@w~ @mkW @g`~lWykrN mQw&`vt ytvWm nQs` @n`@v|q?

ihw s[hn~ sQylE pYX~nvlt wnQ pQLQwOr "ov|" mQs an~ ymk~ @n`vn bv sA@v|qW @q~Xp`ln mnsk~ shQw o|n$m mQnQskOt iw` phsR@vn~ @w~r#m|gw h#kQy.

90 qXk@y~ sWwl yRq~{y nQm`vW @l`~ky q~vQ {Y#v ww~w~v@yn~ e~k {Y#v ww~w~vyt mwOvWmw~ smg @prt a` a`{Qr`j&v`q@y~ nv s~vr$py vR@y~ nv lQbrl~v`qyy. ehQ @l`~k up`y m`r\gy vR@y~ "yLQ ytw~vQjQwkrNyyQ". ey in~ @pr p#v#wQ "ytw~vQjQwkrNy" nv ytw~vQjQwkrNy v#nQ up`y m`r\gQk kYQy` m`r\gyn~ @qktm vd` iw` "ng~nvRw~", ekvrm iw` "rU" h` "sQyRm|" vRw~ vd` "nvWn" h` "qQyRNRvRw~" ytw~ kQrW@m| h` sRr`k$@m| kYQy`vlQykQ. ytw~kQrWm h` sRr` k$m yn q~vQw~v kQYy`vlWn~ wOL ap v#nQ prQ{Q@y~ pQhQtQ r`j&yn~ mw bhRvQ{ @k`n~@q~sQ q#mW@m|qW ovRn~ @prt vd` iw` "ng~ny". ap mw ptvn Ny "sAvr\{n@y~" @k`n~@q~sQvlqW @m| bv @h`[Qn~ pYkt @k@r\. ytw~ kQrWm h` sRr`k$m s[h` "a`kYmN@y~qW" iw` "rUy" ir`k@y~qW h` a#f~gnQs~}`n@y~qW @pn~vR@yw~ ir`n@y~qW @pn~vWmt ar a[QmQn~ sQtQn~@n~w~, @mkW "rUbvy". e@mn~m nRwn w`k~;N@y~ h` vQq&`@v| nQX~p`qnyn~ h` qr\Xnv`qyn~ @mkW ytw~ kQrW@m| h` sRr`k$@m| kYQy`vlQy wOL p`vQc|cQ kQrW@m|qW a{Qr`j&v`qW yLQ ytw~ vQjQwkrN kQYy`vlQy iw` sQyRm|y. enQs`m ovRn~ iw` "nvWn" h` "qQyRNR"y.

@mkW "ng~n", rU, "sQyRm|", "nvWn" h` "qQyRNR" kQYy`m`r\g hrh` a{Qr`j&v`qy ap v#nQ j`wQk r`j&ynt kr a#wQ bhR vQ{ vQn`Xy, b#lR b#l~mt n#vw pQLQskr kL @n`h#kQ wrm| awQmhw~y. g#BRr#y.

@mkW a{Qr`j&v`q@y~ q#nRvw~ qE;~t kYQy`vlQy a@p~ (m` v#nQ qRpw~ v#sQykO@g~) vcnvlQn~ @h`~ v`k&vlQn~ kQyvWmt akm#wQ mhwkOt, ek~sw~ jnpq a`r\}Qk e~jn~sQ@y~ hQtpR pR@r`~g`mW e~jn~wykO vn "@j`~n~ pr\kQn~s~" mhw` vQsQn~ rcQw "a`r\}Qk G`wkykO@g~ p`@p`c|c`rNy" nm| vR wvmw~ sQAhlyt prQvr\wny vW n#wQ k^wQy kQy#vW@mn~ mRlQk qL aqhsk~ @g`dng`gw h#kQvnR a#w.

@j`~n~ pr\kQn~s~ @n`kQy vRvq @m| vn vQt p`sl~ yn qr#vn~ pv` @b`@h`~ qErt qn~n` @l`~k sw&yn~ kQhQpykQn~ a{Qr`j&v`q@y~ @mkW q#nRvw~ qE;~tw~vy ym| wrmkt vQs~wr kL h#kQy. avX& nm| @w~r#m| gw h#kQy.

in~ ek~ k`rNyk~ vn~@n~ "Ny ugOlyQ". InQy` wOn~vn @l`~ky @ls vr\gWkrNy kr a#wQ ap v#nQ prQ{Q@y~ rtvl~ bhRwry @m| @m`@h`w vn vQt mRhRN p` a#wQ pYblwm ar\bRqy vn~@n~ Ny ugOlyQ. ek~sw~ jnpqy pYmRK @l`~k a{Qr`j&v`qy, j`w&n~wr mRl& armRql h` @l`~k b#AkOv hrh` mRlQkvw~ a`sQy`nR sAvr\{n b#AkO v#nQ kl`pWy a`ywn hrh` q~vWwQyQkvw~ ap v#nQ rtvl~ mRlQk vX@yn~ @mkW Ny ugO@l~ sQrkr#vn~, vhlEn~ bvt pw~kr a#wQ bv a#w~w @l`~k y}`r\}y @v|. N@yn~ Nyt m`r#@vmQn~ ugO@l~ wv wvw~ p#tlWm h#@rn~nt wvmw~ @mkW rtvlQn~ bhRwrykt @vnw~ vQkl~pvlt m`r#vWmt h#kQy`v l#bW n#w. e@s~ ym|kQsQ wrmkt @h`~ "@g`d a`" rtvl~ bvt pw~v a#w~@w~ wmn~@g~ @hvw~ "j`wQk" a`r\}Qky Xk~wQmw~ kQrWm s[h` pYbl pYwQpw~wQmy h` smhr v&Rh`w~mk @vns~km| kQrWmt wrm| nQr\xWw vR in~qQy`v, @vnQsQyRl`v, w`yQln~wy, m#@l~sQy`v v#nQ j`wWn~ aw@L`s~sk~ pmNQ.

ek~ awkQn~ "anQym| blhw~k`rykQn~" q#nRvw~v h` qE;~t @ls ap v#nQ j`wWn~ mw ptv` a#wQ Ny ugOl, nQqn~ gw @r`~gyk~ bvt wrmt brpwl kr wQbWmw~, em "nQqn~gw @r`~g m`nsQkw~vy" ovRn~ vQsQn~m ndw~wO kQrWmw~, a@nk~ awQn~ eyt e@rhQv j`wQk h#kQy`vn~ mwOkr g#nWmt asmw~ p`lkyn~ h` r`j& w`n~wYyn~ s^jRv h` vkYv bQhQ kQrWm h` ndw~wO kQrWmw~ yn a{Qr`j&v`qW upkYmQk kYQy`m`r\g hrh` ap v#nQ rtvl Ny ugOl m`r`n~wQk kr wQ@b|. @mkW qWn kQrWm nQs`m a@p~ rtvl @b`@h`~ p`lkyn~t adRm wrmQn~ "ugOlk~ @n`vn Ny" v#nQ awrm#qQ vQkl~pyk~ kr` @h`~ m`r#vWmtq id wb` n#w.

a{Qr`j&v`qW m#qQhw~vWm|vlt wvw~ uq`hrNyk~ vn~@n~, @mkW Ny ugOl @hvw~ @l`~k Ny wYs~wv`qy mgQn~ bQhQ kr@gn a#wQ qWn p`ln wn~wYyn~ hrh` sh wvw~ bhRvQ{ blp$m| hrh` e~ rtvl~ wOL wmn~ k#m#wQ @q~Xp`ln, a`r\}Qk h` sm`jmy @vns~km| a#wQkQrWmyQ. XYW lAk`@v|qW e~ s[h` iw` pYbl uq`hrNyk~ vn~@n~ @j~. a`r\. jyvr\{n "nQr\m`Ny kQrWm" h` ohR hrh` nv lQbrl~v`qW mRlQk`Ag rQAgvWmw~, 20 vn Xwvr\Xy mRlqW {nv`qW sh "@k`mQyRnQs~tQv`qW" anRk`rk ugwOn~ hrh` @fdrl~v`qy @p`m|p kQrWmw~ psRv cn~qYQk` kOm`rwOAg "nQr\m`Ny kQrWm" hrh` @fdrl~ mwy s#lkQy yRwO mtQtmkt whvRr# kQrWmw~y. @m| vn vQt @b`@h`~ "sm`q`nk`r mhw~vr#n~@g~" XrWrvlt @fdrl~ xSwy` a`r$D kr g#nWmt "ovRnt" h#kQv a#w~@w~ ewrm| qWr\Gk`lWn q#nRvw~ kQYy`vlQyk~ hrh`y.

@mkW Ny ugOl @hvw~ Ny wYs~wv`qy pQLQb[ @l`~k v&`p~w uq`hrNyw~, lAk`@v| @fdrl~ uq`hrNyw~, a`r\}Qky nv lQbrl~krNy pQLQb[ uq`hrNyw~, InQy` @g`~lWykrN@y~ y}` s~vx`vy @w~r#m| g#nWmt iw` pYbl uq`hrNyn~y.

e@hw~ ap v#nQ rtvlt @mkW "nv lQbrl~v`qW @g`~lWykrN@y~ sQylE qE;~tkm| h` av`sQ ptvn, a@p~ a`r\}Qkyn~ mRUmnQn~m vQv^w kr ekvr e~v` ovRn~@g~ @v@L[pLvl~ bvt h` amRqYv& @k`l~lk$@m| m{&s~}`n bvt pw~ krgn~n` a{Qr`j&v`qW @g`~lWykrN@y~ n`m@yn~ sm`j sAvr\{n@y~ sQylE nv h` agYgn& Pl wm j`wQk r`j&yn~ h` wm ylQ ytw~vQjQwkrN vRvmn`vn~ Xk~wQmw~ kr g#nWmt q#nRvw~v @y`q`gnQyQ.

e@mn~m ek~sw~ jnpqy pYmRK a{Qr`j&v`qW bl@v|g apt a@p~ a`r\}Qky vQv^w krn~nt kQyn wrm| pYm`Nykt @h`~ @v|gykt wm "j`wQk a`r\}Qkyn~" vQv^w krn~@n~ n#w. "@l`~k @v@L[ sAvQ{`ny" hrh` @g`vQ Ny @g`vQ shn h` vQvQ{ a`rk~;N kYmq a`rk~;N bqE kYmq ivw~ kQrWmt apt blkrn ek~sw~ jnpqy pYmRK a{QpwQ rtvl~ wm @g`vQyn~t qW a#wQ awQ vQX`l a`rk~;N kYm kQsQ@s~w~m ivw~ kQrWmt sRq`nm| vn~@n~ n#w. jp`ny sQyyt sQy gNn~vlQn~ shl~ a#wOU a`h`r qYv& a`nynyn~t bqE pnv` a#w~@w~ wmn~@g~ j`wQk nQ;~p`qkyn~ h` em nQX~p`qnyn~ a`rk~;` kQrWmty. k#nd`@v|, bQYw`n&@y~, pYAX@y~, iw`lQ@y~, o|s~@tQYlQy`@v| ww~w~vyn~q @m@s~my.

@m@s~ nv lQbrl~v`qW @g`~lWykrN kYQy`vlQy wOL wmn~@g~ a`r\}Qkyn~ a`rk~;` kr g#nW@m| h` v#dQqQyRNR kr g#nW@m| qE;~t upkYm anRgmny krn a{Qr`j&v`qWhR e~ hrh` iw` pYkt @lst wmn~@g~ j`wQk r`j&y a`rk~;` krn awr, wmn~ vQsQn~m nQr\m`Ny krn lq j`wQk r`j&yt e@rhQ mwv`qy hrh`w~, eyt qWn krgw~ p`lkyn~ hrh`w~ a#wQ pqmt a@p~ r`j&yn~ mw ovRn~@g~ (@h`[·nrk) nQX~p`qQwyn~ blhw~k`r@yn~ ptv`, a@p~ amRqYv& amR amR@v| @k`l~lk`, a@p~ j`wQk r`j&yn~ as`r\}k bvw~ e~v` j`w&n~wrWkrNy kL yRwO bvw~ enm| ovRn~@g~ aUw~ ytw~vQjQw bvt pw~ kLyRwO bvw~ kQywQ.

@m| anRv p#h#qQlQvn iw` v#qgw~m k`rNy vn~@n~ @mkW nv lQbrl~v`qW @g`~lWykrNy wOL ek~ j`wQk r`j&yk~ wv wvw~ q#dQ @vmQn~ a`rk~;` vn~@n~w~, wv j`wQk r`j&yn~ kYm kYm@yn~ a@h`~sQ vn~@n~w~ q#nRvw~ @q~Xp`ln up`y m`r\gyk sAyRk~w kQYy`vlQyk~ wOLqWy yn~ny. e@s~ n#wQv "j`wQk r`j&y" kQsQ@s~w~m sm`j sAvr\{ny kYQy`vlQy wOL sQqEvn nQ;~p`qn bl@v|gvl, nQ;~p`qn m`{&vl h` nQ;~p`qnvl sAvr\{ny h` nvWnkm vQsQn~ h` ehQ @g`~lWy s~vx`vy vQsQn~, a@h`~sQ krn~@n~ n#w. j`wQk r`j&y` a@h`~sQ vWm q#nRvw~ @q~Xp`ln a`r\}Qk sm`j kYQy`vlQyk s^jR pYwQPlykQ. ey @m| @m`@h`@w~ @l`~k prQm`N@yn~ sQqE@k@rmQn~ pvwQn~@n~ a{Qr`j&v`qW ylQ ytw~vQjQwkrN kQYy`vlQyt anRvy.

mwO sm|bn~{yQ