Lm` @s`l~q`qEvn~ pQLQb[ pYX~n@y~qW ap@g~ a{Q;~T`ny vn~@n~ @mm xW;N@y~ bl@v|gvlt id @n`qWmw~, @mm m|@l~c|Cw~v@y~ gYhN@yn~ wr#N prpRr @b|r` g#nWm bvw~ jn`{QpwQ mhQn~q r`jpk~; mhw` p#vsWy.

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jn`{QpwQvry` @m| bv pYk`X k@L~ I@y~ (27 q`) @k`LB bN~d`rn`yk anRs~mrN j`w&n~wr sm|mn~wYN X`l`@v|qW rFs~vR @p`qE r`j& mN~dlyWy rtvl wr#N am`w&vr#n~@g~ smRUv amwmQnQ. rtvl~ 40 k~ nQ@y`~jny krmQn~ j`w&n~wr wr#N n`ykyn~ 160 @q@nk~ @mm smRUvt shx`gQ vRh.

Lm` @s`l~q`qEvn~ pQLQb[ pYX~nyt mRhRN @qn ekm rt XYW lAk`v @n`vn bvw~, @mm wYs~wv`q@yn~ wr#N prpRr @b|r` gw yRwO bvw~ jn`{QpwQvry` wvqErtw~ av{`rNy k@L~y.

@p`qE r`j& mN~dlyWy rtvl wr#N am`w&vr#n~ rFsk~q @m| avs~}`vt shx`gQ vRh.

wvqErtw~ kw` kL jn`{QpwQvry` @m@s~q kWy.

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@p`qE r`j& mN~dly a#wOLw wr#N prpRr sh ovRn~@g~ a@p~k~;` av@b`~{ krg#nW@m| sAs~k^wQyk~ wOL wr#N prpRrt v#dQ a{&`pn sh rFkQy` avs~}` nQr\m`Ny kQrWm @qst @y`mR vR pR@r`~g`mW ktyRwOvl v#qgw~km aq apQ qkQmR. vQvQ{ sAs~k^wWn~ wOL @vn~vW sQtQn nmRw~ ekt ek~vW @p`qE@v| pYgwQy kr` y$m s[h` hvRl~ aw~q#kWm|vlQn~ @h`[ p`dm| i@gn @gn wr#N prpRr awr an~wr\ sb[w` vr\{nyy kQrW@m| avX&w`vk~ a#w.

@mm hmR@v| @w~m`v vn wr#N prpRr h` s`my @g`dn#MWmt XYW lAk`@v|m aw~q#kWm|vlQn~ pY@y`~jn gw h#kQ awr e~v` @p`qE r`j& mN~dl@y~ anQkOw~ rtvlt q iw` @h`[Qn~ aq`L kr g#nWmt pRUvn. psRgQy qXk wOn pRr` @l`~k@y~ iw`mw~ qr#NR wYs~wv`qW sAvQ{`nyk wr\jnyt XYW lAk`v mRhRNqW sQtW. ey ap r@tQ s~v`{Qpw&yt sh @x_mQk aKN~dw`vt phr@qn @mm m^g @m@hyRm|vlqW wr#N wr#Nyn~ ovRn~@g~ iw~wn~ bvt h` k`lwOvk~kO uN~d bvt pw~kr g#nWmt @n`p#kQ@Ln wYs~wv`qW kN~d`ymkQ.

em kN~d`ym vQsQn~ wYs~w bl@v|g s[h` avQ q#rWmt Lm` @s`l~q`qEvn~ @y`q` g#nWm, ek~sw~ j`wWn~ vQsQnRw~, @p`qE r`j& mN~dl@y~ s`m`jQkyn~ kQhQp @qnkO a#wOU @l`~k@y~ s`my sh pYj`wn~wYv`qy pwn sQylE @qn` vQsQnRw~ @hL` q#k a#w. @mm Lm` @sbL k^^rw~vyt mRhRN @qn~@n~ XYW lAk`v pmNk~ @n`vn bv mm qnQmQ. a@p~ LmyQn~tw~ wr#Nyn~tw~ eyQn~ el~l vn anwOr apQ qnQmR. Lm` @s`l~q`qEvn~@g~ mns qR;Ny kQrW@m| sq`k`lQk anQ;~t vQp`k vX@yn~ v#dQhQtQ jWvQw@y~ qW q ovRhR @b`@h`~ @q@nk~ pYcN~dw~vyt h` xW;Nyt @y`mRvW sQtQwQ. em nQs` ap@g~ a{Q;~T`ny vn~@n~ @mm xW;N@y~ bl@v|gvlt id @n`qWmw~, nRwn m|@l~c|Cw~v@y~ gYhN@yn~ wr#N prpRr @b|r` g#nWmw~y. sn~nq~{ arglyt sm|bn~{ vR wr#Nyn~ pRnr#w~}`pny kQrW@m| pRUl~ v#dsthnk~ XYW lAk`vt wQ@b|. @k@s~ vRvq @qm`pQy a`qryt v#dQmnw~ @qyk~ n#wQ @hyQn~ @mm qr#vn~ ovRn~@g~ @qm`pQynt a`psR x`rqQy yRwO bvw~ mm vQX~v`s krmQ.

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wr#Nynt v#dQ g#tlEvk~ bvt pw~v a#wQ vr\{ny @vmQn~ pvwQn vQrFkQy`@v| axQ@y`~gy jyg#nWm s[h` ovRn~ svQblg#n~vW@m| avX&w`v aq apQ qkQmR. @m| s[h` sms~} wr#N @p_r#;y sAvr\{ny kL yRwOyQ. smwOlQw a{&`pnyk~ wOLQn~ h` kOslw` vr\{ny, kWYd` ktyRwO h` vQ@n`~q`w~mk ktyRwO, sAs~k^wQk h` a`gmQk vX@yn~ @p`@h`sw~ prQsryk s~vx`v {r\my smg e~k`gYv jWvw~ vWmt qQrQmw~ kQrW@mn~ ey kL yRwOyQ. @m| sQyl~l itRkr g#nWm s[h` @p`qE r`j& mN~dl@y~ mRlQk unn~qEvk~ qk~vn @q~Xp`ln s~}`vrw~vy sh a`r\}Qk sAvr\{ny avX&yQ.

@mm ww~w~vy wOL pL`w~ p`ln m#wQvrNy s[h` wrgkr#vn~ @q~Xp`ln pk; sh s~v`{Wn kN~d`ym|vlQn~ n`m @y`~jn` x`rqEn~ ay@gn~ sQyyt hwLQhk~ vys avRr#qE 18 w~ - 35 w~ awr ayvWm g#n XWY lAk`vt a`dm|brvWmt pRUvn. wm` jWvw~ vn sm`j vQsQn~ e@s~ svQbl @pn~vn lq wr#N prpRr XWY lAk`@v| sAvr\{ny, pYj`wn~wYv`qy sh j`wQy @g`dn#MW@m|qW Xk~wQmw~ bl@v|gyk~ bv op~pR kr a#w. wr#N prpRr pY{`n pYv`hyt a#qg#nWm rtk sAvr\{n n&`y pwY@y~ hqvwyQ. @my @p`qE r`j&mN~dlyWy wr#N svQblg#n~vWm s[h` vR kQYy`k`rW s#l#s~@m| pY{`n aAgyk~ y#yQ mm vQX~v`s krmQ.

apQ a@p~ wr#N prpRrt ovRn~@g~ qk;w` vr\{ny krg#nWmt v#dQ avs~}` s#pyQy yRwOy. e~ s[h` wr#Nyn~@g~ xSmQk`v sm|bn~{@yn~ ovRn~@g~ a@p~k;` sh nv axQ@y`~gy @s`y` y$m pQLQb[ a`kl~pvl @vns~km| a#wQvQy yRwOy. m@g~ r`j&y a@p~ smWpwm asl~v#sQy` sh @p`qEr`j& mN~dl@y~ s`m`jQkykO q vR in~qQy`v smg a@p~ r@tQ iAgWYsQ x`;`v ig#n~vW@m| mtQtm ihL q#mWmt sh in~qQy`@v| @w`rwOr# h` w`k;N@v|q kr\m`n~w@y~ axQv^q~{Q@yn~ lb`gw h#kQ avs~}` pY@y`~jnyt g#nWm s[h` pYvQ;~TvWmt h#kQ vn prQqQ hvRl~ v#dsthnk~ psRgQy bq`q` a`rm|x kL` pmNQ. aq @p`qEr`j& mN~dl@y~ a@p~ wr#N prpRr s[h` ev#nQ shx`gQw~v sAvr\{n@y~ nQrwvWm iw`mw~ sRqEsRy.

a@p~ wr#N prpRr sh a@p~ an`gwy @vnR@vn~ XWY lAk`v kr a#wQ a`@y`~jny phL b`l`AX@y~ sQt vQX~vvQq&`ly qk~v` nQqhs~ a{&`pn kYmyk~ shwQk kr a#wQ bvw~ a@p~ wr#N prpR@r\ 97 k~ p`sl~ yn bvw~ s[hn~ krn~@n~ imhw~ swOtQnQ. pY`}mQk sh q~vQwQk p`sl~vlqW @pL @p`w~ sh p`sl~ a#[Em| q @n`mQ@l~ spy` a#w. ek~sw~ j`wWn~@g~ sAvr\{n qr\Xkvl a@p~ sm`j sRbs`{k v#dsthn~ sm|bn~{@yn~ nQwrm ihL s~}`nyk~ lb` a#w.

wYs~wv`q@yn~ sQqEv a#wQ vQn`Xy, in~ a`r\}Qkyt sQqEvW a#wQ brpwl pWdny hmR@v| vRvq apQ sm`j h` a`r\}Qk sAvr\{n@yhQ s#lkQy yRwO qQyRNRvk~ lb`@gn a#w~@wmR. a`sQy`@v| qWr\Gwm nQ@y`~jQw pYj`wn~wYv`qy a#wQ rt vX@ynRw~, s#mt @s_K& sh a{&`pny spymQn~ s~wWY pRr#; sm`nw~vy sh sm`j jAgmw`v pYvr\{ny kL sAvr\{ny @vmQn~ pvwQn mRl~ rtvl~ awr ap sQtWm g#nw~ apQ a`dm|br @vmR. s`m`n&@yn~ phL h` m{&m a`q`ym| pr`syk psRvn rtkQn~ bl`@p`@r`w~wO vnv`t vd` apQ vQXQ;~t sm`j a`r\}Qk qr\Xkyk~ qQn`@gn iqQrQ@yn~ sQtQn awr, q#nt apQ @b`@h`myk~ shsY sAvr\{n ilk~k qQn`g#nWmt a`sn~n vW @h`~ axQbv` yn m`vwkt pQvQs a#w.

@g`~lWykrN@y~ ktRk blp$m|vlt h` wYs~wv`q@y~ wr\jnyt mRhRN @qmQn~ XWY lAk`@v| a`r\}Qky psRgQy vs@r\ 6.8% kQn~ vr\{ny vR awr m$w vr\;vl em vr\{n pYvNw`v aKN~dv pvw~v`@gn ihL vr\{n m`vwk~ kr` iqQrQyt yn bv @pn~nRm| kryQ. wr#Nyn~t iw`mw~ v#qgw~ rFkQy` nQyRk~wQy sm|bn~{@yn~ s[hn~ @k@rn vQt wr#Nyn~ wOL q#dQ bl`@p`@r`w~wO upqvmQn~ psRgQy vr\;@y~ vQrFkQy` mtQtm 6% qk~v` phw v#tRNQ.

qrQqYw`v ihL mtQtmk p#vwQ smhr qQs~wQYk~kvl s#lkQy yRwO s`r\}kw~vykQn~ yRwOv, @mm jygYhN jnw`v@g~ qrQqYw`v s$@hn pYm`NykQn~ adRkr a#w. vsr 2000 qW a@p~ jnw`@vn~ 22.7 k~ qrQqYw` sWm`@vn~ phL sQtQ awr, 2007 @qs#m|br\ vn vQt em sWm`v 15.7% qk~v` phw v#tW v#tQN. ps~ vsrk~ wOL qrQqYw`v 33% kQn~ phw v#tWm @m@wk~ sQqEvR ihLm @v|gyyQ. e@s~m a@p~ jnw`v@g~ e~kpRq~gl a`q`ym s#lkQy yRwO pYm`NykQn~ ihL @g`s~ a#wQ bv qk~nt l#bWm q swOtt kr#NkQ. ey q#nt a#. @d`. 1617 kQ. ey 2003 a#. @d`. 981 h` bln vQt sWGY vr\{nykQ.

2005 @n`v#m|br\ m`s@y~ ap @w~rWpw~ vn vQt @w`rwOr# w`k;N@v|q s`k~;rw`v wQbR@N~ jnghn@yn~ 5% kt pmNkQ. gY`mWy pY@q~Xvl q s$@hn pYgwQyk~ shQwv em s`k~;rw`v 20% qk~v` v&`p~w kQrWmt h#kQvWm g#n q#n~ apQ swOtR @vmR. n#Nsl nmQn~ gY`mWy sn~nQ@v|qn m{&s~}`n j`l 500 k~ a`rm|x kQrWm mWt @h~wO vQy. a@p~ armRN vn~@n~ 2010 vn vQt 50% k s`k~;rw`vk~ ilk~k kr@gn lbn jnv`rQ vn vQt ey 1000 k~ kQrWmyQ.

wr#N jWvQw g#n slk` bln vQt @vnw~ aAgyk~ nm| @l`v vt`, vQ@X~;@yn~ v#dQhQtQ wr#N prm|pr`v wOL e~d|s~ @r`~gy vr\{ny vWmt wOdRqW a#wQ sq`c`r`w~mk pQrQhWmyQ. @mhQqW q @l`~k@y~ wr#N jnw`v vQn`X@yn~ @b|r` g#nWm s[h` a#wQ pQLQym a`gmQk up@q~Xny sh a{&`w~mQk n#BRr#vyQ. @mm @g`~lWy e~d|s~ @g`~lWy v&sny smg ekt b#[W a#w~@w~ wr#Nyn~ ovRn~@g~ jWvQw@y~ agY avs~}`@v|qW vQn`X kr qmn nWwQ vQ@r`~{W mw~ qYv& x`vQwyyQ. @mm iw`mw~ av`sn`vn~w ww~w~vy vth` gw~ a@p~ rjy mwt wQw - enm| mw~ qYv&, qEm| p`ny sh mw~p#n~ x`vQwy sm|pRr\N@yn~ nvw` q#mW@m| v#dsthn qQyw~ kr a#w. vsr @qkk~ kQYy`w~mk vW@mn~ psRv em v#dsthn s`r\}k ekk~ @ls gNn~ @gn a#wQ awr wr#N jnw`vt awQXyQn~ pY@y`~jnvw~ vW a#w.

wr#Nyn~ yRq~{yt @y`q`@gn a#wQ bv s`m`n&@yn~ s`my @g`dn#MWm s[h` @y`q`@gn n#wQ bvtw~ rsvw~ nQrWk~;Nyk~ a#w. aq @l`v pRr` vys avRr#qE 18 t adR LmyQn~ wOn~lk;yk~ (300,000) r`j& @n`vn kQYy`k`rWn~ smg sn~nq~{ arglvlt sm|bn~{ vW a#wQ bvw~, wvw~ pn~lk;yk~ (500,000) yRq hmRq`vlt b[v`@gn a#wQ bvw~ a#s~w@m|n~wO kr a#w. @b`@h`~ avs~}`vl sm`j h` a`r\}Qk qEk~g#nvQlQ h` aph`s nQs` wr#N prpRr g#tRm|vl ul~pw h` ptn~g#n~m @b`@h`~ qk~nt a#w. em nQs` g#tRm|vlQn~ pWd`vt pw~v a#wQ a@p~ s$m sm`jykm s`m@y~ h` av@b`~{@y~ axQpY`y wr#Nyn~@g~ bl`@p`@r`w~wOv h` @h`[ hQw mw @g`dn#MW@m| avX&w`vk~ wQ@b|.

g#tRm|vlt sm|bn~{v sQtQn wr#N prpRr pQLQb[v ek~ v#qgw~ mRlQk k`rNyk~ nm| pX~c`w~ g#tlE avs~}`vk wr#Nyn~ sm|bn~{@yn~ ap ktyRwO kL yRwO bvyQ. g#tRm| avsn~ vR psR wr#N @pL s[h` ap swOv a#wQ s#lsRm| @m`nv`q? g#tRmt sm|bn~{ wr#N @pL ap y}` ww~vyt @gn en~@n~ @k@s~q? @m| k~@;~wY pQLQb[v nQX~cy @k`t a#w.

a@p~ sm`jy a@p~ wr#N prpRr s`my @g`dn#gW@m| g#tlE nQr`krN@yhQ @y`qvn vQt ovRn~ s`m@y~ s#b$ w`n`pwQvr# @vwQ. v#dQhQQtQyn~ awr @x~qvlQn~ wvmw~ qR;Qw @n`vRvn~ s`m@y~ sh smgQ sn~{`n@y~ phn~ @gn y`mt vd` smw~ vn awr ovRn~ ivsW@m| h` av@b`~{@y~ em v#dpQLQ@vLhQ @pr gmn~kr#vn~ vQy h#k. em nQs` @p`qE r`j& mN~dly pRr` g#tRm| a#wQ s~}`nvl s`my @g`dn#gWm armRNR @k`tgw~ @p`qE r`j& mN~dl@y~ wr#N v#d sth@n~ pY`@y`~gQk ar\}vw~ h` g#tR@mn~ vQpwt pw~ wr#N wr#NQyn~ shx`gQ kr gn~n` a`k`ry pQLQb[v @k`LB smRUv a`vr\jny krnR a#w#yQ mm vQX~v`s krmQ.

@n`~n`vr#NQ mhw~vr#NQ. wr#N prpRr sh s`my @g`d n#gWm aq`L vn~@n~ yRq~{@yn~ vQn`X vR rtvlt h` qQyRNR @vmQn~ pvwQn rtvlt pmNk~ @n`vn bv av{`rNy kQrWm v#qgw~y. a`r\}Qk h` sm`jWy vX@yn~ iw`mw~ s~}`vr vR a@p~ s`m`jQk rtvl~ pv` mw~qYv& apr`{ h` wYs~wv`qy a#wOU sm`j@y~ bQ[ v#tW@m| sh pYcN~dw~v@y~ pYX~n vQs[Wmt pYyw~n qrmQn~ sQtW. em nQs` pRUl~ ar\}@yn~ gw~ kl sQylEm jnv`r\gQk @k`ts~vl wr#N jny` sh sm`j psRbQm| sm|pRr\N@yn~ a#wOLw~ kr@gn @q~Xp`ln sAs~k^wWn~ a`ywn sh a`r\}Qk kYmyn~ @g`d ng` s`my uq`kr gn~n` vQt s`my @g`dn#gWm j`wQy @g`dn#gW@m| v#qgw~ aAXyk~ bvt pw~vnR a#w. @mm pYX~n a`mn~wYNy kQrWm s[h` iw`mw~ pY`@y`~gQk h` s`{& pQyvr @k@rhQ @mm s`kc|C`vl qW av{`ny @y`mR krnR a#w#yQ mm vQX~v`s krmQ.

@m| anRv gr# kQrWm sh av@b`~{y pQLQb[ vR @p`qE r`j& mN~dlWy r`j& n`ykyn~@g~ smRUvt aq`L m#n~@dtQ blpwYy ob@g~ n&`y pwYyt a#wOLw~ kr wQbWm g#n mm swOtR @vmQ.

g#tRm| a#vQlvWmt ivhl~ vQy h#kQ @h~wOn~ lQhQl~ kQrWmt kYm sh vQ{Q g@v|;Ny krmQn~ g#tRm| v#L#k~vW@m| aAXy @k@rhQ av{`nyt @y`mR krn @mm v`r\w`v wr#N svQ blg#n~vWm s[h` vR @p`qE r`j& mN~dlWy kYQy`k`rW s#l#s~m p`qk spyyQ.

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@m| smRUv sr\v pY`k`r@yn~m s`r\}k @v|v` yQ pwn awr ob @mrt gw krn k`ly iw` pYWwQmw~ ekk~ @v|v`yQ mm n#vw pY`r\}n` krmQ.

wr#N ktyRwO a#m#wQ pvQwY` vn~nQa`rc|cQ mhw~mQy,

a@p~ jn`{QpwQwOm` j`wQk sAvr\{n@y~ iw` v#qgw~ aAXyk~ vX@yn~ wr#N sAvr\{ny h[En`@gn wQ@bnv`. r@tQ wr#N prpR@r\ v#qgw~km h[En`@gn sQtQn jn`{QpwQwOm` r@tQ wr#N ktyRwO sAvr\{ny @vnR@vn~ avX& mRql~ pYwQp`qn adRvk~ n#wQv @vn~ krqW@mn~ apt a`r\}Qk qE;~krw`vn~@gn~ @w`rv nQqh@s~ wr#N ktyRwO sQqE kQrWmt avX& vt pQt`v nQr\m`Ny krqW wQ@bnv`. wr#N ktyRwO s[h` @vnmm am`w&`AX@yk~ pQhQtRvQmw~ ayv#y pYwQp`qn @vn~ krqW@m|qW ihLm pYmRKw~vyk~ wr#N ktyRwO s[h` hQmQ kr qWmw~ @mhQqW k#pW @p@nnv`.

ap aq @mwn rFs~vW sQtQn~@n~ @p`qE r`j& mN~dlWy rtvl vQvQ{ s`m`jQkyn~ vX@yn~ wr#N sAvr\{ny sm|bn~{@yn~ ap@g~ aqhs~ aw~q#kWm| yn`qQy hRvm`r# kr g#nWmtyQ. ob@g~ aqhs~ h` aw~q#kWm| vlQn~ apt @b`@h`~ @q~ i@gn g#nWmt avs~}`vn~ s#l@snR a#w#yQ ap sQwnv`.

@p`qE r`j& mN~dlyWy @l~km| km@l~X~ Xr\m` mhw`

ap rtvl wr#N wr#NQyn~ mRhRN @qn @p`qE g#tlE vQs[` g#nWm s[h` @p`qE r`j& mN~dlWy rtvl~ vX@yn~ ap aw~v#l~ b#[ gn yRwOyQ. hw~vn @p`qE r`j& mN~dlWy wr#N ktyRwO smRUv XYW lAk`@v| p#v#w~vWm pQLQb[v ap XWY lAk` jn`{QpwQwOm`t s~wOwQ krnv`. @my sAvQ{`ny kL wr#N ktyRwO am`w&`AXyt q ap@g~ s~wSwQy hQmQ @vnv`.