u_@v| jnn`yk qQvAgw pr\sQ smrvWr
bQYw`n& a{Qr`j&v`qWn~@gn~ XYW lAk`v mRq` g#nWm s[h` u_v @vl~ls~s
jnw`v kL axQWw stn~vl axQm`ny iwQh`s pRr` sq` @n`n#sW pvwW. ev#nQ
vQr#vn~ q`y`q kL u_@vn~ jnQw vRNR yRg pRr#;@yk~ @ls em pL`@w~
mh am`w& {Rry q#r$ qQvAgw pr\sQ smrvWr mhw` nm| kL h#k.
1930 m`r\wO ms 23 qQn v#lQmd nRgwl`@v| jn~m q`y`qy l#bR pr\sQ
smrvWr mhw` p`sl~ a{&`pny nQm kQrW@mn~ psR vwO p`lkykO @ls
jWvn v^w~wWyt pQvQsQnQ. 1952 vr\;@y~ ud pL`w gm| sx`@v| gm|
sxQkykO @ls @q~Xp`ln @k;~wYyt avwWr\N vR e~ mhw` ehQ up sx`pwQ
{Rrytw~ psRv v#lQmd sRU ngr sx`@v| sx`pwQ @ls pw~vQy. mWt qXk
kWpykt @pr @m| r@tQ jnpYQy vW wQbR @q~Xp`ln pk~;yk~ vR "j`wQk
vQmRk~wQ @prmRNt" sm|bn~{v ktyRwO kL e~ mhw` psRv in~ ivw~ vW
ek~sw~ j`wQk pk~;yt b#[QNQ.
pr\sQ smrvWr mhw` mRlQn~m p`r\lQ@m|n~wO a`snyk~ s[h` wrg
k@L~ 1962:6:28 qQn p#v#w~vR v#lQmd awOr# m#wQvrN@y~qWy. ohR em
awOr# m#wQvrNyt iqQrQpw~ vR@y~ e.j`.pk~;@ynQ. awOr# m#wQvrN@yn~
@qv#nQ s~}`ny @gn e~ mhw` p#rqENw~ jygYhNy kL j`wQk vQmRk~wQ @prmR@N~
n`yk @k~. a#n~ pW. r`jrw~n mhw`t vQr#q~{v pYbl stnk~ qWmt
smw~vR@y~y. awOr# m#wQvrNyt wrg kL XYW lAk` nQqhs~ pk~;@y~ a@p~k~;ky`t
hQmQvR@y~ wOn~v#nQ s~}`nyyQ.
1965 m#wQvrN@y~qW v#lQmd a`sny wrg kQrWm s[h` pr\sQ smrvWr
mhw`t e.j`.p. @yn~ n`m @y`~jn` @n`l#bQNQ. It @h~wOv vR@y~ e.j`.
pk~;y h` jnw` vQmRk~wQ @prmRN awr wQbR hQwvw~km nQs` j.vQ.@p
n`yk @k~. a#m|. pW. r`jrw~n mhw`t h` ohR@g~ bQrQ[ vn kOsRm`
r`jrw~n mhw~mQyt vQr#q~{v a@p~k~;kyn~ iqQrQpw~ @n`kQrWmt
e.j`.p.y gw~ wWrNy nQs`y. XYW lAk` nQqhs~ pk~;yq v#lQmd a`snyt
a@p~k~;k@yk~ iqQrQpw~ @n`kL awr pk~;@y~ n`yQk`v @ls sQtQ sQrQm`@v`~
bN~d`rn`yk m#wQnQyt avX& vR@y~ @k@s~ @h`~ r`jrw~n mhw` pr`jy
kQrWmty. @m| nQs`m 1965 m#wQvrN@y~qW pr\sQ smrvWr mhw` v#lQmd
asRnt s~v`{Wnv iqQrQpw~ vR@y~y. ohRt e.j`.p.@y~w~ XYW.l.nQ.p@y~w~
sh`y l#bQNQ. in~qQy`nR pYX~ny nQs` r`jrw~n mhw`t qYvQd Cn~q @n`l#bQNQ.
@mm v`w`vrNy @h~wO @k`t@gn pr\sQ smrvWr mhw` v#dQ Cn~q 989 kQn~
v#lQmd asRn jy gw~@w~y.
1965 m`r\wO m#wQvrN@yn~ blyt pw~vR dd|lQ. @s~n`n`yk mhw`@g~
rjy wOL pr\sQ smrvWr mhw` ktyRwO k@L~ e.j`.pyt hQwvw~ s~v`{Wn
mn~wYWvrykO @lsy. e@hw~ ohRt vQr#q~{v Cn~q @pw~smk~ iqQrQpw~
vQNQ. @m| anRv vrqkr# vW @n`@b`~ klkQn~m v#lQmd asRn ahQmQvQy.
@m| nQs`m 1967:2:11 qQn v#lQmd a`sny @vnR@vn~ awOr# m#wQvrNyk~
p#v#w~vQNQ. pr\sQ smrvWr mhw` n#vww~ s~v`{Wnv wrg @k`t v#dQ
Cn~q 673 kQn~ v#lQmd asRn jy gw~@w~y. @qv#nQ w#n s~v`{Wn a@p~k~;k
@k~. ec|. @j~mQs~ sQl~v` mhw`t hQmQvR awr XYW l.nQ.p.yt hQmQvR@N~
wOn~v#nQ s~}`nyyQ. nmRw~ smrvWr mhw`t vQr#q~{v wvw~ Cn~q @pw~smk~
iqQrQpw~ vRNQ. @c`~qn` anRv ohRt n#vw vrk~ v#lQmd asRn ahQmQ
vQy. em nQs` v#lQmd asRn @vnR@vn~ 1968 :12:17 qQn wvw~ awOr#
m#wQvrNyk~ p#v#w~vQNQ. @mm awOr# m#wQvrNyt s~v`{Wnv wrg kL pr\sQ
smrvWr mhw` n#vww~ v#lQmd asRn jygw~@w~y. @m| anRv dd|lQ @s~n`n`yk
rjy wOL ohRt asRn ahQmQ vW awOr#m#wQvrN @qkkt mRhRNqWmt
sQqEvWmw~ em awOr# m#wQvrN @q@kn~m jygYhNy lb` g#nWmw~ vQ@X~;
sQq~{QykQ. @k`wrm| b`{k wQbRNw~ @n`s#lW kYQy` kL ohR v#lQmd
mn~wYW {Rry qrn k`ly wOL ar\w`pl~ vg` v&`p`ry n#AvW@m| pR@r`~g`mQy`
vQy. pr\sQ smrvWr mhw` 1970 m#wQvrN@y~qW e.j`. pk~;@yn~ v#lQmd
a`sny wrg kQrWmt sRq`nm|v sQQtQ@y~y. u_v pL`@w~ in~qQy`nR
qYvQd Cn~qvl blp$m nQs` v#lQmd a#wOU a`sn kWpykm e.j` pk~;yt
n#BRr#vk~ qk~nt l#bQNQ. n`m @y`~jn` qQny wQbR@N~ 1970 a@pY~l~
22 v#nQq`y. em qQn@y~ s~v`{Wnv v#lQmd asRn wrkQrWm s[h` v#lQmd
a`sn@y~ hQtpR gm| sx`pwQvrykO vR a#n~.a#m|. pRAcQ bN~d`r mhw`
p#mQN sQQtQ@y~y. ohR 1960 jRlQ m#wQvrN@y~qW v#lQmd asRnt e.j`.
pk~;@yn~ wrg kL a@p~k~;ky` vQy. nmRw~ ohR pr\sQ smrvWr mhw`@g~
il~lWm pQt n`m @y`~jn` pwY x`r @n`qW wrg@yn~ ivw~vQy. e~ nQs`m
1970 m#wQvrN@y~qW v#lQmd asRnt n`m @y`~jn` pwY x`rqWmt iqQrQpw~
vR@y~ e.j`. pk~;@y~ pr\sQ smrvWr mhw` h` XYW.l.nQ. pk~;@y~ @@vq&v`r\y
a`r\. a#m|. bN~d`r mhw` pmNQ. Cn~q nWwQy anRv ek~ a@p~k~;kykOt
n`m @y`~jn` ktQtl 3 k~ x`rqQy h#kQ nmRw~ pr\sQ smrvWr mhw`
x`rqEn~ n`m @y`~jn` pwY wO@n~m e~ mhw`@g~ aw~sn~ @n`wQbQNQ.
@m| bv qEtR smrvWr mhw`@g~ p#rFNQ hQwvwkO vn vWr@s~kr gvrm|m`n
mhw` m#wQvrN k`r\y`l@y~ sQtQ XYW.l.nQ.p. nWwQZvr#n~t e~ bv q#n~vQy.
ovRn~ k@L~ vQ@r`~{w` qk~vn k`ly vnwOr# smrvWr mhw` kw`vt al~l`
g#nWmy. in~psR n`m @y`~jn` pwYvlt vQ@r`~{w` qk~vn avs~}`@v|
XYW.l.nQ.p. nWwQZ@y`~ pr\sQ smrvWr mhw`@g~ n`m @y`~jn` pwYvl
aw~sn @n`m#wQ bv @pn~v` qEn~h. e~ awr wOn~v#nQ a@p~k~;@yk~ @n`sQtQ
nQs` pr\sQ smrvWr mhw`@g~ n`m @y`~jn` pwY pYwQ@k;~p vW
XYW.l.nQ.p. a@p~k~;k @@vq&c`r\y a`r\. a#m|. bN~d`r mhw` v#lQmd
mn~wYW @ls nQwrg@yn~ pw~vQy. e.j`.p.yt phsR@vn~m qQn`gw h#kQv
wQbRNR v#lQmd asRn ahQmQ vR bv a#sR e.j`.p. n`ykv h` agY`m`w&v
sQtQ dd|lQ @s~n`n`yk mhw` blvw~ @ls kng`tRvt pw~vQy.
ohR@g~ @q@nw~ k[ELQn~ @ww~ vQy. @m| nQs` 1970 m#wQvrN@y~qW
u_v pL`@wn~ ekm asRnk~ vw~ ej`pyt l#bR@N~ n#w.
v#lQmd asRn XYW l.nQ.p. yt nQwrg@yn~ hQmQvWm g#n evkt a#m|.
dW. gON@s~n sm`gmt ayw~v wQbR "svs" nm| pwY@y~ k`tRnykQn~ s[hn~
kr wQbR@N~ blsRx nQmQwQ @prmM n#ktw~ v#dW ynR@vnQ. @m| nQs`m
nQwrg@yn~ v#lQmd mn~wYW @ls pw~vRNR @@vq&`c`r\y a`r\. a#m|.
bN~d`r mhw` 1970 m#wQvrN@y~qW XYW.l.nQ.p. rFs~vWm amw` kw`
kQrWm nQs` pk~;yt pYbl v`sQyk~ sQqEvQNQ.
1977 m#wQvrN@y~qW v#lQmd asRnt ej` pk~;@yn~ wrg kL pr\sQ
smrvWr mhw` v#dQ Cn~q 7681 kQn~ jygw~@w~y. in~psR ohRt @j~.a`r\.
jyvr\{n rj@yn~ r`j& prQp`ln h` s~v@q~X ktyRwO pQLQb[ nQ@y`~j&
am`w& {Rry hQmQvQy. 1988 vr\;@y~ m#q x`g@y~ ekl jnpwQv sQtQ
@j~. a`r\. jyvr\{n mhw`@g~ il~lWm pQt ohR nQ@y`~j& am`w& pqvQ@yn~
h` v#lQmd mn~wYW {Rr@yn~ as~vW u_v pL`@w~ sx` m#wQvrNyt wrg kr
jy@gn u_v pL`w~ mh a#m#wQ {Rryt pw~vQy. nQ@y`~j& am`w&vrykO @ls
rtt v#d kL pr\sQ smrvWr mhw` v#lQmd mn~wYW h` u_v pL`@w~ mh
am`w& @ls u_v qnv|vt anRp@m|y @s~v`vk~ k@L~y. u_v sAvr\{ny s[h`
vQqElQy lb`qWm, v#lQmd a`sny wOL ar\w`pl~ vg`v qQyRNR kQrWm,
pQrQ@vn~ a{&`pny nM`sQtRvWm, mh`m`r\g sks~ kQrWm, idm| n#wQ
ayt idm| lb`qWm, a{&`pn mtQtm adRv wQbRNR u_v pL`@w~ a{&`pny
n#AvWm, nQv`s @y`~jn` kYQy`w~mk kQrWm a`qW uq`r @m@hyn~ kL pr\sQ
smrvWr mhw` u_v n@v`~q@y~ pR@r`~g`mQy` @ls h#[Qn~vQy h#k.
pr\sQ smrvWr mhw`@g~ qQyNQy vR kO@m|sQ smrvWr @m@nvQy vQv`h
vR@y~ a#@g~ (@mm lQyRm| kr#@g~) ms~sQn` @knkO vn mhnRvr @b`~vl
pqQAcQ nQh`l~ rAjQw~ rw~n`yk mhw` smgy. e~ vnvQt ohR XYW lAk`
gOvn~ hmRq`@v| pQy`sr nQl{`rQykO @ls @s~vy krmQn~ sQtQ@y~y. em
vQv`h mAgl&yt mmq m@g~ bQrQ[ smg shx`gQ vR@NmQ. pr\sQ smrvWr
mhw` 1999 vr\;@y~ p#v#wQ u_v pL`w~ sx` m#wQvrNyt n#vww~ wrg kL
awr e~ vn vQt ohR brpwL @ls @r`~g`wOrv sQtQ@y~y. e~ nQs` em m#wQvrN
smy wOL enm| 1999:03:24 qQn e~ mhw` ax`vpY`p~w vQy. nmRw~ m#wQvrN
pYwQPl anRv v#dQm mn`p Cn~q sAK&`v lb`@gn wQbQNQ.
upwQn~m {n sm|pw~vlQn~ pQr#NR pvRlkt ayw~ vR pr\sQ smrvWr
mhw` @q~Xp`lny wOLQn~ mRql~ rFs~ k@L~ n#w. rFs~ k@L~ jnw`v
pmNQ. u_v vAX kw`v h` u_v vQh`r vAXy sks~ kQrWmt q`yk vR e~
mhw` aq jWvw~wOn~ awr n#ww~ smrvWr n`my @gn y$m s[h` Z`wQ
pRwOn~ @q@q@nk~ @q~Xp`ln@yhQ nQrw vW sQtW. enm| bqEl~l
qQs~wYQk~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wYW rvWn~qY smrvWr mhw` u_v pL`w~
sx` mn~wYW up`lQ smrvWr mhw`y.
