lAk`@v| v`m`AXQk v&`p`ry h` k@w`~lQk pYj`v :28
a`rk;k aAX @vw pYh`ryk~!
1968 qW @fdrl~ pk;y rj@yn~ ivw~ vRvq, em rjy 1970 qk~v`
nQymQw k`l sWm`v vR vsr 5 t pvw~v`@gn ynR l#bWy. e@mn~m dd|lQ
@s~n`n`yk rjy yt@w~ r@thQ ek~wr` pYgwQyk~ q qk~nt l#bQNQ. vQ@X~;@yn~
dd|lQ @s~n`n`yk mhw` a`rm|x kL hrQw vQp~lvy k^;Qk`r\mQk vg`vn~
@k@rhQ jnw`v awr unn~qEvk~ a#wQ k@L~y. em rj@y~ k^;Qkr\m a#m#wQ
a#m|. dW. bN~d` mhw` s#lsRm| kL hrQw n@v`~qy @n`kdv` pvw~v` @gn
yn bvt bN~d`rn`yk m#wQnQy@g~ rj@y~ fWlQk~s~ dys~ bN~d`rn`yk
mhw` @mn~m @hk~tr\ @k`b|b$kdRv mhw` q pYwQZ` qEnQ.
@m| h#r kr\m`n~w aAX@y~ @mn~m sAc`rk v&`p`r@y~ q qQyRNRvk~
qk~nt l#bQNQ. e@mn~m @qmL v&vh`ry s[h` aN pnw~ q hqQsQ nWwQy
yt@w~ vRvq sm|mw krnR l#bR awr @m| k`l sWm`@v|qW s`@p~k;v uwOr
h` n#@gnhQr j`wQv`qQ klbl q qk~nt @n`l#bQNQ. mhv#lQ sAvr\{n
v&`p^wQy q a`rm|x k@L~ dd|lQ @s~n`n`yk rjy vQsQnQ. @m| nQs`
dd|lQ @s~n`n`yk mhw` n#vw vrk~ blyt p#mQNW@m| a@p~k;`@vn~ sQtQ@y~y.
e@hw~ Xw 25 t h`l~ @s~r# @qk @vnRvt ek h`l~ @s~r#vk~ @n`mQ@l~
qWm jnw`vt pWdnyk~ vQy. e@mn~m ugY vn rFkW rk;` hQMyt q bdR
mQl ihL y$mt q nQsQ pQLQym| l#bR@N~ n#w. @m| awr a{&`pn@y~ a#wQ
vR @vns~km| vQX~vvQq&`l a`c`r\yvr#n~@g~ @mn~m gOr#vr#n~@g~
uqhst @h~wO vQy. e@mn~m @p`~y nQv`dR kYmy sRU j`wWn~ rj@yn~
a$w~ k@L~y. mhv#lQ sAvr\{n @y`~jn` kYmy q rt a{Qr`j&v`qWn~t
p`v`qWmk~ @ls h[En~vnR l#bWy. p`sl~ rjyt g#nWm @vns~ @n` kL
nQs` k@w`~lQk sx`v q rjy @k@rhQ klkQr#@N~y. p`sl~ @p`w~ mRqYNy
q rjy vQsQn~ m pvw~v` @gn gQy nQs` qvs pRvw~pw~ a`ywny q rjy
@k@rhQ @@vr b#n~@q~y.
1970 m#wQvrN@y~qW vQX~vvQq&`l a`c`r\y mh`c`r\yvr#n~, @b_q~{
xQk;Rn~, @q~Xp`ln @h~wSn~ nQs` @s~v@yn~ ph kL gOr#vr#n~, rj@y~
@s~vkyn~ h` qvs pRvw~pw~ a`ywny q aw~v#l~ b#[@gn dd|lQ @s~n`n`yk
rjyt e@rhQv n#gW sQtQyh. a#w#m| k@w`~lQk pRjkyn~ pv` rjyt
pQtRp` sQtQnR qk~nt l#bQNQ. @m| h#r rw~wrn~ @m`L vX@yn~
h[En~vnR l#bR v`m`AXQkyn~ vR a`c`r\y a#n~. a#m|. @p@r\r`,
a`c`r\y @k`l~vQn~ a`r\. q sQl~v`, pWtr\ @k@nmn~ h` br\n`d| @s`yQs`
a`qWn~ nQs` smMQ @prmRN @k@rhQ @p`qE jnw`v vQX`l bl`@p`@r`w~wO
a#wQkr gw~@w~y.
@m| anRv @mm m#wQvrN@y~qW XYW lAk` nQqhs~ pk;y a`sn 91 k~,
lAk` smsm`j pk;y a`sn 19 k~ h` @k`mQyRnQs~tQ pk;y a`sn 6 k~ q
ynR@vn~ a`sn 116 k~ qQn` gnQmQn~ smgQ @prmRN vQXQ;~t jyk~ l#bWy.
a`sn 17 k~ pmNk~ l#bR ek~sw~ j`wQk pk;@y~ an~w pr`jy k`@gw~
vQmwQyt @h~wO vQy. dd|lQ @s~n`n`yk rj@y~ k#bQntQ a#m#wQvr#n~
@b`@h`myk~ pr`jyt pw~ vR awr, 1936 sQt avQs~s`@v|l~l nQ@y`~jny
krmQn~ e@wk~ kQsQm m#wQvrNykQn~ pr`jyt pw~ @n`vR mhjn ek~sw~ @prmR@N~
n`yk pQlQp~ gONvr\{n mhw` q pr`jy vQy.
1970 smgQ @prmRNR rj@y~ v`m`AXQkyn~ vR a`c`r\y a#n~. a#m|.
@p@r\r` mRql~ a#m#wQ vX@yn~ q, a`c`r\y @k`l~vQn~ a`r\. q sQl~v`
v#vQlQ kr\m`n~w a#m#wQ vX@yn~q, @ls~lQ gONvr\{n mhw` gmn`gmn
a#m#wQ vX@yn~ q, pWtr\ @knmn~ mhw` nQv`s a#m#wQ vX@yn~ q pw~
krnR l#bRh. e@hw~ mRql~ am`w&`AX@y~ k`r\yyn~ @bq` @vn~ kQrW@m|qW
kYm sm|p`qn ktyRwO agm#wQnQ sQrQm`@v`~ bN~d`rn`yk m#wQnQy yt@w~
wb` gw~w`y.
smgQ @prmRNR rjy pQhQtRv` vsrk~ gw vWmtw~ @pr eyt jnw`
vQmRk~wQ @prmRN vQsQn~ @m@hyvnR l#bR 1971 k#rFl~lt mRhRN qWmt
sQqEvQy. @mm k#rFl~lt shx`gQ vR @b`@h`~myk~ rFkW rk;` vQrhQw
gm|bq wr#N wr#NQyn~, vQX~vvQq&`l sQsRn~ h` uss~ pAwQvl sQsRn~
vRh. jnw` vQmRk~wQ @prmRN m`k~s~v`qy p`qk @k`tgw~ sAvQ{`nyk~
vR awr, ehQ n`yky` vR@y~ @s`~vQytQ @q~X@y~ lEmRm|b` srsvQ@y~ i@gnRm
l#bR @r`~hN vQ@j~vWr y. em srsvQ@yn~ @nrpnR l#bR ohR lAk`vt p#mQN
@k`mQyRnQs~tQ pk;@y~ cWn pQlt sm|bn~{ vW sQt a#wQ awr, in~
psRv eyQn~q ivw~ vQy.
jnw` vQmRk~wQ @prmRN 1965 : 70 ek~sw~ j`wQk pk; rjy sm@y~
sAvQ{`ny krnR l#bWy. eyt wr#N wr#NQyn~ @q~Xn 5 k~ mgQn~ a`kr\Xny
@k`t b[v` @gn a#w. e@hw~ eyt @p`qEjn sh@y`~gyk~ @n`vWy. ekl
p#v#wQ a`r\}Qk a@h~nQy h` rFkW rk;` hQMy @mm sAvQ{`ny vr\{ny
vWmt @h~wO vW a#w. e@mn~m @mrt vQp~lvyk~ g#n kw` kL
s`m|pYq`yQk .m`k~s~v`qW pk; e~ s[h` kQsQm pQyvrk~ @n`g#nWm wr#N
wr#NQyn~ sn~nq~{ arglyk~ s[h` @pLBWm s[h` psRbQm vW a#wQ bvt
mwkyk~ pvwW.
@mm k#rFl~@l~ s#l#s~m vR@y~ avQ a`yR{ h` @b`~m|b a`qQy rFs~@k`t
ek~ qQnkqW a`rk;k @s~v`vn~t phr qW bly al~v` g#nWm vQy. e@hw~
@mhQ kYQy`k`rkm| a`rk;k aAXvlt klQn~ q#n gn~nt l#bW jnw`
vQmRk~wQ @prmR@N~ n`ykyn~ smhrk~ aw~adAgOvt @gn ey mr\qny s[h`
q#dQ pQyvr gnR l#bWy. @m| nQs` k#rlQkr#vn~t nQymQw qQnt @pr
1971 a@p~Yl~ 5 qQn a`rk;k aAX @vw pYh`ryk~ el~l kQrWmt sQqEvW
a#w.
@my rjy bl`@p`@r`w~wO @n`vR hqQsQ pYh`ryk~ vR nQs` rjyt ey
e@k@NhQm m#V p#v#w~vWmt aphsR vQy. e@hw~ qQn kQhQpykQn~ vQ@q~XWy
rtvlQn~ q a`{`r l#b a`rk;k @s~v`vn~ pYwQsAvQ{`ny vW @mm k#rFl~l
mr\qny kQrWmt rjy smw~ vQy. @mm argl@y~qW nQl vX@yn~ k#rlQkr#vn~
mQygQ@y~ 1200 k~ pmN bvt v`r\w` vRvq, s`m`n& pQLQg#nWm vnR@y~
ovRn~ 10,000 k~ pmN mrNyt pw~ @k`t a#wQ bvy. @mm k#rFl~l @h~wO@vn~
16,000 k~ pmN aw~adAgOvt gnR l#bR awr ovRn~ rk;Qw k[vRr#vl wb`
psRv @b`@h`~myk~ nQqhs~ krnR l#bWy. wvw~ @k`tsk~ pRnr#w~}`pny
krnR l#bWy. @mm k#rFl~l @m@hy vRvn~t e@rhQv vQ@X~; apr`{ @k`mQ;mk~
mgQn~ ndR vQx`gyk~ pvw~v` vrqkr#vn~ vR ay sQrgw krn lqW. jnw`
vQmRk~wQ @prmR@N~ n`yk @r`~hN vQ@j~vWrt jWvQw`n~wy qk~v` sQr
qVRvmk~ nQym vQy. 1971 k#rFl~l as`r\}k vRvq @q~XWy h` vQ@q~XWy
vQX`l vwO jnswO kQrWm| v#nQ pYwQsAs~krN vlt ey @h~wO vQy.
smgQ @prmRN gw~ vQ@X~; pQyvrk~ nm| 1972 jnrj v&vs~}`v bQhQ
kQrWmyQ. ey sm|p`qny k@L~ a`c`r\y @k`l~vQn~ a`r\ q sQl~v` mhw`
vQsQnQ. @mm jnrj v&vs~}`v anRv bQYw`n& rFjn ivw~ krnR l#bWy.
e@mn~m pYQv| kvRn~slyt a`y`cny kQrWm q ivw~ krnR l#bR e~ @vnRvt
lAk` vQ@X~; axQy`cn`{QkrNyk~ pQhQtRvQy. e@hw~ @mm v&vs~}`v
mgQn~ r`j& @s~v` @k`mQsm h` a{QkrN @s~v` @k`mQsm a@h`~sQ @krQNQ.
vQ@X~;@yn~ r`j& @s~v` @k`mQsm @vnRvt rj@y~ @s~vkyn~ pw~ kQrWm,
m`r# kQrWm h` @s~v@yn~ ph kQrWm, k#bQntQ mN~dlyt h` aq`L a#m#wQvry`t
p#vrWm r`j& prQp`ln @q~Xp`lnZyn~@g~ gYhNyt lk~ kQrWmk~ @ls
a`c`r\y srw~ amRNRgm mhw` @pn~v` @qyQ.
1972 jnrj v&vs~}`@v| wvw~ blvw~ @vnsk~ vR@y~ sRU j`wWn~t
a`rk;`v s#lsR @s`~l~brQ v&vs~}`@v| 29 v#nQ vgn~wQy ivw~ kQrWmy.
1972 v&vs~}`vt e@rhQv 1948 sQt @vn~ v sQtQ @fdrl~ pk;y h`
qYvQd sAgmy ekm k[vRrkt ekwO vRh. @vnm @qmL r`j&yk~ s[h` stn~
kQrWm s[h` bWjy bQhQ vR@y~ 1972 jnrj v&vs~}`v bv q kQynR
l#@b|. 1956 qW sQAhl h` @qmL x`;`vt smw#n~ qW@m| s~}`vr@y~
sQtQ v`m`AXQk pk; @m| vn vQt v&vs~}`v mgQn~ sQAhl pmNk~ r`j&
x`;`v vX@yn~ pQLQg#nWmt eLBR@N~ 1965 dd|lQ @s~n`n`yk : @cl~vn`ygm|
gQvQsRm anRv @fdrl~ pk;y sQAhl r`j& x`;`v kQrW@m| pQLQ@vwt ekM
vR nQs` bvt mwkyk~ pvwW. @mm vs@r\m sQqEvR wvw~ v#qgw~
sQq~{Qyk~ nm| @mrt v`m`AXQk v&`p`r@y~ nQr\m`w^ pQlQp~ gONvr\{n
mhw` ax`vyt pw~vWmyQ. e~ mhw`@g~ avmAgl& uw~svy s[h` rjy q nQ@y`~jny
kL yRwO y#yQ a`c`r\y a#n~. a#m|. @p@r\r` mhw` kL @y`~jn`vt
a`c`r\y @k`l~vQn~ a`r\. q sQl~v` mhw` vQr#q~{ vW a#w. e@hw~
a`c`r\y a#n~. a#m|. @p@r\r` mhw` pQlQp~ gONvr\{n mhw`@g~ @s~vy
pQLQb[v pRvw~pw~vlt pYk`Xyk~ krmQn~ @m@s~ q kQy` sQtQ@y~y. "iwQh`sy
vQsQn~ @mrt @q~Xp`ln krlQ@y~ ohRt hQmQ s~}`ny whvRr# krnR a#w.
ap v#nQ s`m`n& p^}g~jnyn~ apt kL h#kQ k`r\yyn~ itR @k`t vQy#kW
m#kW @g`s~ amwk krnR l#bR vQt an`gw sm`jv`qW lAk`vk~ ohR
axQm`n@yn~ sQhQpw~ krmQn~ ohRt hQmQ uss~ wl@yhQ @h`bvnR a#w.
1972 : 73 vn vQt @l`~k @v@L[p@L~ shl~ mQl ihL gQy awr, a@nkOw~
a`nyn qYv& mQl q v#dQ vQy. @m| nQs` a`c`r\y a#n~. a#m|.
@p@r\r` mhw`t 1973 ay v#y @l~Kny mgQn~ jnw`vt pWd`q`yk pQyvr
kWpyk~ m g#nWmt sQqEvQy. @m| anRv pLmR h`l~ @s~r#v Xw 25 kt q,
@qvn h`l~ @s~r#v Xw 75 kt q nAvnR l#bWy. sWnQ s[h` sl`k kYmyk~
a#wQ kL awr, p`n~, kQrQpQtQ, sQgrFtQ a`qW sQyl~@l~m mQl nAvnR
l#bWy. bs~ g`s~wO, qEm|rQy g`s~wO, w#p#l~ g`s~wO q ihL n#AvR
awr, rj@y~ @r`~hl~vl b`hQr @r`~gWn~@gn~ Xw 25 k mRqlk~ ay
kQrWmt nQym @krQN.
a@nk~ awQn~ rjy mQnQsRn~t sksRr#vm| qQvQyk~ gw kQrWmt ay#q
sQtQ@y~y. ey s$m bQmkm kv|pQ v#nQ awQ@r\k @b`~g vg`vn~ v#vWmt
@@{r\ymw~ k@L~y. rj@y~ @s~vkyn~@g~ v#tR@pn~ anQv`r\y iwQrQ
kQrWm s[h` @k`tsk~ adR krnR l#bWy. @mv#nQ pQyvr mgQn~ mRql~
a#m#wQ a`c`r\y a#n~. a#m|. @p@r\r` mhw` pYmRKv rjy s#lsRm|
k@L~ @mrt jnw`vt vQ@q~Xyn~t vhl~ @n`vW @qpyQn~ n#MW sQtWm s[h`
qWr\G k`lWn v#dpQLQ@vLkQ.
@mm v`w`vrNy yt@w~ agm#wQnQ sQrQm`@v`~ bN~d`rn`yk m#wQnQy
mRql~ a#m#wQ {Rry @vnRvt @v@L[ a#m#wQ {Rry x`r g#nWmt a`c`r\y
a#n~. a#m|. @p@r\r` mhw`t q#n~vR nmRw~, eyt ewOm` ekM @n`vWy.
@myt mRl~ vR @h~wOv @ls lAk` smsm`j pk;y q#k~vR@y~ 1975 ay v#y
@l~Kny mgQn~ ihL pn~wQ@y~ ayt bqE v#dQ kQrWm bvyQ. @m| awrwOr
em vr\;@y~ hr\w`l~ smr# rFlQ@y~qW a`c`r\y a#n~. a#m|. @p@r\r`
mhw` kL kw`vk~ @h~wO@vn~ agm#wQnQ h` a`c`r\y a#n~. a#m|.
@p@r\r` mhw` awr g#tRmk~ a#wQ vQy. em g#tRm uw~sn~n vW avs`n@y~qW
lAk` smsm`j pk;y a`c`r\y a#n~. a#m|. @p@r\r`, a`c`r\y @k`l~vQn~
a`r\. q sQl~v` mhw` h` @ls~lQ gONvr\{n a#m#wQ {RrvlQn~ ivw~
krnR l#bWy.
lAk` @k`mQyRnQs~tQ pk;y rjy smM wvqErtw~ rF[W sQtQ nmRw~
1977 @pbrv`rQ m`s@y~qW v#d vr\jny mr\qny kL a`k`ryt vQ@r`~{w`v
p`mQn~ rj@yn~ ivw~ vQy. eyt mskt pmN psR v`m`AXQk hQwv@wkO vR
kr\m`n~w a#m#wQ tW. bW. sRbsQAh mhw` q rj@yn~ ivw~ vQy. eyt
psRv sQrQm`@v`~ bN~d`rn`yk rjy vQsRr#v` h#r 1977 jRlQ m`s@y~qW
m#wQvrNy p#v#w~vQy.
1970 qW lAk` smsm`j pk;y h` @k`mQyRnQs~tQ pk;y sx`g rj@y~
a#m#wQ{Rr l#bR vQt ey @p`qE jnw`v wOL mhw~ bl`@p`@r`w~wO jnQw
k@L~y. 1956 : 59 mhjn ek~sw~ @prmRNR rj@y~ a#m#wQ {Rr q#r$
pQlQp~ gONvr\{n mhw` sh pW. em|. vQlQym| sQl~v` mhw` q#k~vR
qs~km| @mrt v`m`AXQk v&`p`ryt mhw~ kWr\wQyk~ LM`kr qEn~@n~y.
e@hw~ 1970 : 77 rj@y~ v`m`AXQk a#m#wQvr#n~@g~ xSmQk`v jnw`v@g~
sQylEm bl`@p`@r`w~wO sRn~ k@L~y. ovRhR jnw`vt q#@nn @s~vyk~
kQrWmt a@p`@h`sw~ vRh. a`c`r\y a#n~. a#m|. @p@r\r` b#AkO vr\jny
mr\qny kL kYQy`q`my q, a`c`r\y @k`l~vQn~ a`r\ q sQl~v` jnrj v&vs~}`v
mgQn~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| k`ly vsr @qkkQn~ qWr\G kQrWm jnw`v
vQk;Qp~wyt pw~ k@L~y. em sx`g rj@y~ bQ[v#tWmw~ smM v`m`AXQkyn~@g~
pYwQr$py q bQ[ v#tR@N~y. s`m|pYq`yQk v`m`AXQk pk;vlt in~ psR
kQsQ qQnkQn~ j`wQk bl@v|gyk~ vX@yn~ hQs esvQy @n`h#kQ vQy.
