"mWtr\ 100 qEvnv` v@g~ k$m uyn
sRsn~wQk`"
mWt qXk wOnkt pmN @pr gQrQ qEr\g, vn qEr\gyn~@gn~ pQrQ
udRvk - al~gm m`r\g@y~ {`vny vR@y~ ekm ek bs~ r}ykQ. lAgm bs~
r}yk~ vR ehQ rQy#qEr` vR@y~ a#m|. dW. jysQAh mhw`y. e~ mhw`@g~
bQrQ[ vR@y~ a#m|. dW. @b|bQ@n`~n` mhw~mQyyQ. aw~wnglE oyt
y`bqv kOdRm|bQgl k[E p`mRl pQhQtQ @m| @qpL@g~ k#q#l~l qr#vn~
sQvR @qnkO@gn~ h#d vW wQbQNQ. g#h#nR qr#vn~ wQ@qnkO sh pQrQmQ
qr#vkO@gn~ yRw~ @m| @s`[Er# k#q#l~lt 1975 vs@r\ @qs#m|br\ 12
v#nQq` alEw~ s`m`jQk`vk~ ekwO vRv`y. a#y qQyNQykQ. @b|bQ@n`~n`
mhw~mQy wm b`l qQyNQyt sRsn~wQk` jysQAh yn nm w#bRv`y.
qXk @qkkt a`sn~n k`lyk~ @qpyQn~ rtk~ s#nsR XYW lAk` mll
kYWd` @k;~wY@y~ yRgyk~ e@klQkL e~ sRsn~wQk` jysQAh ynR @m| kOd`
qQvyQnt a`dm|brykQ. olQm|pQk~ pqk~kmk~, @l`~k XSrw` pqk~kmk~
sh a`sQy`nR XSrw` rn~ pqk~kmk~ qQn`gw~ pLmR XYW l`AkQk
kYWdQk`v @ls sRsn~wQk` iwQh`syt ek~vW a#w. a#y p#mQNQ e~ gmn~
mM pQLQb[v a#y smM apQ @b`@h`~ @q~ kw` kr a#w~@wmR. @qpyQn~
XYW lAk` n`my jgw~ kYWd` @k;~wYyt @gn gQy @m| ash`y kYWdQk`v
@m@l`vt bQhQ kL qQrQy m`w`v smM ap kw` kr a#w~@w~ al~p vX@ynQ.
@m| vn vQt 65 h#vQrQqQ vQ@y~ psRvn @b|bQ@n`~n` m`w`v mRNg#sWmt
apQ udRvk gm|m`nyt gQ@y~ sRsn~wQk`@g~ sQylE jygYhNyn~ psRps
sQtQn @y`~{ @svN#l~l a#y vR b#vQnQ.
vrk`@p`l ngr@yn~ {`vny vn al~gm hrh` udRvk a#w~n`vl bs~ r}@yn~
gmn~ kL apQ qE;~kr gmn`n~wykQn~ psR sRsn~wQk`@g~ mh @gqrt p#mQNQ@ymR.
@l`~k XSrQyk vR, pvR@l~ b`l qQyNQy@g~ @s`[Er# mwkyn~ @b|bQ@n`~n`
mhw~mQy avqQ k@L~ @m@s~y.
"sRsn~wQk` l#@bn~n in~n@k`t pRw`t avRr#qE hwryQ. ew@k`t mt
qEvl` wOn~ @q@nk~ in~nv`. pRw` wmyQ b`ly`. qEvl` wOn~ @q@nk~
in~n nQs` ps~v#nQ qr#v` pR@wk~ @vyQ kQyl` mm @l`kO bl`@p`@r`w~wOvkQn~
hQtQy`. qr#v` l#@bn~n in~n@k`t tQkk~ am`r# vRN`. ew@k`t @l`kO
is~pQrQw`l wQbR@N~ n#h#. m@g~ qr#@v`~ hwr @qn`m hm|b vR@N~
al~gm m`w^ nQv`s@y~qW. ps~v#nQ qr#v` hm|b@vn~nw~ mm gQ@y~
al~gm m`w^ nQv`syt.
m`w^ nQv`syt gQy @vl`@v ewn hQtpR mQsW m`v x`rgn~n b#h#
kQyl` kQv|v`. m@g~ ps~v#nQ qr#v` nQs` mQsW by vRN`. @m`kq
hqQsQ@y~ op@r\;n~ ekk~ krn~n vR@N`w~ m`w^ nQv`s@y~ phsRkm|
n#h#. ps~@s mm mQsWt kQv|v` "by @vn~n @qyk~ n#h#, mt am`r#vk~
n#h#" kQyl`. ew@k`t wmyQ m`v m`w^ nQv`syt x`r gw~@w~. @k`@h`m
hrQ kQsQm krqryk~ n#wQv qr#vv hm|b vRN`. qr#v` "qE@vk~"
kQypRv`m m@g~ hQw @p`d|dk~ kWrQ g#hQl` gQy`. e vRN`t @klQ p#tQy@g~
mRN q#k~km hQwt @l`kO s#nsQl~lk~ l#bRN`.
a#m|. dW. jysQAh sh a#m|. dW. @b|bQ@n`~n` yn @qpL@g~ pvR@l~
"bdpQs~sW" @ls upw l#bR sRsn~wQk` pvR@l~ v#dQmhl~ s@h`~qr s@h`~qrQyn~@g~
qMk`r sRrwlQy vWmt v#dQ k`lyk~ gw vR@y~ n#w. @m| sRrwlQy@g~
qMk`rkm| nQs`m a#yt nQv@s~qW ptb#[Q sRrwl~ n`my vR@y~ "cRtQ
m#NQ@k~" y.
sRsn~wQk` pRAcQ k`@l~ @g`d`k~ @ktQtRyQ. k$m kn~n ec|cr
pYQyk~ n#h#. mvRkQrQvlt wmyQ @g`dk~ k#m#wQ. qEv avRr#qE phk~m
mvRkQrQ bQv|v`. @b`@h`m am`r#@vn~ wmyQ kQrQ bWm nwr k@L~.
sRsn~wQk`t pRAcQ k`l@y~ a#[Emk~ an~qn~n @b`@h`m am`r#yQ. a[Emk~
a#n~@q`w~ a[Qn~@n~ pQrQmQ a#[Emk~m wmyQ. ayQy`@g~ srm glvn~n
hm|b @vn~@n~ n#h#, qEv e~k a#[gn~nv`. w`w~w@g~ kmQsy a#[gn~nv`.
sRsn~wQk`t akOr# kQy` qEn~@n~ @gqrqWmyQ. n#k#wt akOr# kQy`
qEn~@n~ mm. mRlQn~m p`slt gQ@y~ udRvk knQ;~T vQq&`lyt. v#dQqEr
ugn~vn~n o|n$ nQs` ps~@s~ a#w~n`vl mh` vQq&`lyt q#m|m`. a#w~n`vl
is~@k`~lqQ wmyQ qEv kYWd` wrgvlQn~ ihL qs~km| q#k~vR@v|. g@m|
avRr#qE uw~svyk~ wQbR@N`w~ qEvn
"mWtr\ 100 qEvnv`
wrgvlQn~ pLmRv#nQy` @vn~@n~ qEv wmyQ.
@g~ LM wQ@yn pQtQtnQ@y~ h#mq`m hvst @k`l~@l`~ @v`lQ@b`~l~ @sl~lm|
krnv`. @b`~@l sq~@q a#@hn@k`t sRsn~wQk` pQtQtnQy LMt qEv@gn
ynv`. qEv@g~ v#@d| wmyQ @k`l~ln~t @b`~l a#hQ[l` @qn ek.
qEvn, pnQn wrgvlQn~ ihL qs~km| q#k~vR sRsn~wQk` a#w~n`vl mh`
vQq&`l@y~ kYWd` n`yQk`v @vmQn~ @k`tQT`s, kl`p, pL`w~ sh sms~w
lAk` jygYhN rFsk~ p`slt qQn` qWmt @prmRN @gn ktyRwO kL`y. blvw~
a`r\}Qk qE;~krw`, qhsk~ adRp`dR wQbRNq in~ s#lE@N~ sRsn~wQk`
@n`@v|.
"qEvn wrgykQn~ qQnl` qEvt l#bRNR mRl~m w$g~g wmyQ r#pQyl~
vQsQphk mnQo|dr\ ekk~. vrk`@p`l smRpk`ry mgQn~ p#v#w~vR
wrg`vlQykqW wmyQ qEvt @m| w$g~g l#bR@N~.
g@m| wQbRNR avRr#qE uw~sv@y~ byQsQkl~ @r\s~ ektw~ sRsn~wQk`
iqQrQpw~ vRN`. ew@k`t qEvt avRr#qE ph@L`vk~ vQwr a#wQ. ayQy`@g~
byQsQkly hq`@gn qEv @r\s~ ekt gQhQn~ pLmRv#nQy` vRN`. e~@kqW
l#bRNR w$g~g or\@l`~sRvk~. e~k w`mw~ @gqr wQ@ynv`.
is~@k`~@l~ @p`w~ pw~ p`dm| krn~n sRsn~wQk` ec|cr k#m#w~wk~
n#h#. p`dm| v#d krn~n qEvt @vl`vk~ wQbR@Nw~ n#h#. h#mq`m kYWd`
wrg. s`m`n& @pL vQx`gy lQyRvw~ @h`[Qn~ smw~ vR@N~ n#h#. qEv
vQx`g@y~ pYwQPl g#n ec|cr hQwO@v| n#h#. qEv@g~ hQw wQbR@N~
qEvn~nt wmyQ.
"am|@m| mm @k`@h`m hrQ pqk~km| @g~nv`" kQyl` wmyQ @gqrQn~
yn~@n~ e~ v@g~m qEv qQnl` pqk~kmk~ @g~nv`.
pRAcQ k`@l~ sRsn~wQk` @g`d`k~ qEk~ vQn~q`. qEvt @h`[ @h`[
k$m kn~n @qn~n apQt vw~kmk~ wQbR@N~ n#h#. al, bwl, mz~@z`k~k`
wmyQ v#dQpRr k$@v|. mmyQ mhw~wyyQ qr#@v`~ ps~ @q@nk~ ndw~wO
krn~nw~ ep`y#. iwQn~ @b`@h`m am`r#@vn~ wmyQ eq` jWvQwy @gn gQ@y~.
@gqr adRp`dR g#n qEvt @w~@rnv`. e~k nQs` qEv @h`[ @h`[ k$m
j`wQ il~ll` apQt krqr k@L~ n#h#. mm hql` @qn o|n$m k$mk~ qEv
knv`. nQwrm @m`nv` hrQ kn~n wmyQ qEvt o|n$.
qEv pQtrtkt mRlQn~m gQ@y~ in~qQy`vt. e~ gQ@y~ qEvn~n @n@m|,
qEr pnQn~n. qEv @gqr a#vQw~ kQv|v` "am|@m| mm in~qQy`@v| yn~n
@w~rQl` kQyl`. iwQn~. mt @g`dk~ swOtRyQ. mt pRUvn~ vQqQyt qEv@g~
in~qQy`@v| gmnt o|n$ krn sl~lQ @h`y` qEn~n`. g@m| ayw~ e~ @vl`@v|
qEvt @g`dk~ uqv| kL`.
qEv a`sQy`nR wrg`vlQ@yn~ rn~ pqk~kmk~ qQnRvt ps~@s~ kYWd`
am`w&`AXy, qEvt rw~ml`@nn~ nQvsk~ qEn~n`. a#w#n~s~ @l`~k XSrw`
wrg`vlQ@yn~ rQqW pqk~kmk~ qQnRvt ps~@s~ n`r`@h~n~pQtQn~ nQvsk~
l#bRN`. qEv q#n~ in~@n~ e~ @gqr. n`r`@h~n~pQt @g~ l#bRNt ps~@s~
mmw~ qEvw~ ek~k @k`LB a`v`. qEvt @m| gmn en~n eq` es~. bW.
qQs`n`yk a#m#wQwOm`, dr\vQn~ sr\ @g`dk~ uqv| kL`.
qEv sQd|nQ olQm|pQk~ uL@lt yn~n is~sr@vl` @gqrn~ gQ@y~
"am|@m| mm @k`@h`mhrQ pqk~kmk~ @g~nv`" kQyl`. mmw~ @gqr i[l`
qEvt @sw~ p#wOv`. q#nRw~ qEv g#n r$pv`hQnQ@y~ kQy@nk`t mm @sw~
pwnv`. qEv olQm|pQk~ pqk~km qQnpR @vl`@v| sQwt q#nRNR swOt nm|
amwk krn~n b#h#. e~k mwk~ @vn@k`t q#nRw~ m@g~ ppRv g#@hnv`
v@g~.
bWjQA olQm|pQk~ u@Llt yn~n is~sr@vl` qEv pRhRNRvt a#@mrQk`vt
gQy`. a#@mrQk`vt yn~n is~sr @vl` qEv @gqr a#vQl~l` qvs~ wOnk~
n#vwQl` hQtQy`. qEv @gqr a`vm ak~kl` wOn~ @qn`tw~ @gqr en~n
kQynv`. ayQy` nm| in~@n~ @gqrm@n~. pvR@l~ ok~@k`m @gqrt ekwO
krn ek wmyQ qEv mRlQn~m krn~@n~. q#n~ qEvt @gqr a`vm is~sr
v@g~ g@m| a#vQqQn~n @vl`vk~ n#h#. g@m| ay qEvt @g`dk~ a`q@ryQ.
qEv @gqr a` bv q#ngw~wm g@m| ay qEv bln~n env`.
qEv @gqr a`vm @gqr awOg`nv`, pQrQsQqE krnv`. pRAcQ k`@l~
v@g~ w`mw~ @gqr v#dt km|m#lQ n#h#. qEv v#dQ@yn~ k#m#wQ kOs~sQy
p#w~@w~ pRtRvk~ wQy`@gn v`dQ@vl` kw`krkr in~n.
i[Qa`p~p, pQtQtR, kQrQbw~ kn~n qEv k#m#wQyQ. gs~lbR m#l~lEmtw~,
@g`tR@k`L m#l~lEmtw~ qEv @g`d`k~ k#m#wQyQ. qEv @gqr a`vm mm e~
k$m j`wQ hql` @qnv`.
aw~wnglE o@y~ a#L @g~ phLQn~ gnv`. sRsn~wQk` pRAcQ k`@l~
i[l`m n`n~n yn~@n~ e~ a#Lt. q#nRw~ @gqr a`vm e~ a#Lt gQhQl~l`
wmyQ n`gn~@n~.
is~sr @p`wk~ awQn~ al~ln~@n~ n#wQ vRN`t q#n~ qEv @p`w~
kQyvnv`. v#dQpRr kQyvn~@n~ bN @p`w~.
sRsn~wQk`t rst k$m uyn~n pRUvn~. e~ wrm| rst k$m uyn~n mtw~
b#h#. apQ @k`LB @gqr gQy`m qEv wmyQ apQt k$m uyl` @qn~@n~. qEv
k$m uyn~@n~ mWtr\ sQyy qEvnv` v@g~ wmyQ. e~ p#w~wt, @m| p#w~wt
h#@rn@k`t k$m uyl` ivryQ. qEv @p`l~ g`n~n km|m#lQyQ. mm krn~@n~
@p`l~ tQk g`l @qn ek vQwryQ.
is~sr v@g~ h#m sQAhl avRr#q~qktm qEvt @gqr en~n @vn~@n~
n#h#. @gqr a`vw~ en~@n~ avRr#qE phR@vl`. qEvt @gqr en~n b#rQ @vn
avRr#qEvlt apQ @k`LB @gqr ynv`. pvR@l~ ok~@k`m ktQtQy @k`LB @gqrt
ekwO @vnv`. sRsn~wQk`t avRr#qE n#kw~ hrQyt @k@rn~n o|n$.
pvR@l~ k`thrQ @ldk~ qEkk~ h#qE@N`w~ v#dQ@yn~ qEk~ @vn~@n~
sRsn~wQk`. qEv pvR@l~ b`ly` vRN`t ayQyl`, ak~kl`@gw~ qEk s#p @h`yl`
bln~@n~ ey`. sRsn~wQk`t asnWpyk~ vR@N`w~ ey` g#n v#dQy hQwn~@n~
n#h#. uNk~, @hm|bQrQs~s`vk~ h#qE@N`w~ @k`w~wml~lQ, iMOr# tQkk~
wm|bl` @b`nv`. am`r#vk~ vR@N`w~ wmyQ iAgYWsQ @b@hwk~ gn~@n~.
qEv @g`dk~ k#m#wQ sQAhl @b@hw~vlt.
pRAcQ k`@l~ i[l`m sRsn~wQk` tQkk~ ktk`ryQ. as`{`rN v#d nm|
qEvt @pn~nn~n b#h#. tQkk~ @k~n~wQ gQy`m mtw~ s#@rn~ kw` krnv`.
ps~@s~ kQynv` "am|@m| mt @p`d|dk~ @k~n~wQ gQy`. gNn~ gn~n ep`"
kQyl` ey`m qEk~@vnv`.
am|m@gyQ w`w~w@gyQ kthV ahn~@n~ n#wQv qEvt in~n b#h#. @k`yQ
r@tQ hQtQyw~ qErk}n@yn~ kw` krl` qEk s#p ahnv`. am|mvyQ
w`w~wvyQ rt ek~k@gn yn~n qEv @g`dk~ k#m#wQyQ. m`yQ mhw~wyyQ
qEv ek~k k#nd`vt sh eAgln~wyt gQy`. LMqW apQ @qn~nv a#mrQk`vt
ek~k@gn ynv` kQyl` qEv kQv|v`.
@m`n b`{k a`vw~ sRsn~wQk` s#lE@N~ n#h#. qEvt q#nRNR h#m
qEkk~m qEv m`w~ ek~k kQynv`. n`r`@h~n~pQt @gqr in~n@k`t mm LM
n#wQv sRsn~wQk`t nQn~q yn~@n~ n#h#. mm n#w~nm| w`w~w` hrQ LM
in~n o|n$. w`w~ww~ sRsn~wQk`t @g`dk~ a`q@ryQ. w`w~w` kQyn~@n~
m@g~ pN wQ@yn~@n~ cRtQ m#NQ@k~ LM kQyl`. aq m`yQ mhw~wyyQ qr#@v`~
tQkyQ jWvw~ krvn~@n~ qEv. apQ h#@m`~@gm a`XQr\v`qy cRtQ m#NQ@kt
h#mq`m l#@bnv`.
eq` udRvk - a#w~n`vl m`r\g@y~ {`vny vR@y~ ekm bs~ r}ykQ.
e@hw~ aq vn vQt em m`r\g@y~ lAgm sh @p_q~glQk bs~ r} kQhQpyk~
{`vny @v|. eq` @b`rU p`r aq w`r p`rkQ. kOdRm|bQgl kn~q p#w~@wn~
a{Q bl#wQ vQqElQ rFh#n~ @pLk~ a#q wQ@bnR apQ qEt@vmR. sAvr\{n@y~
ar#NlE n#@MmQn~ wQbRNq qE;~kr gm|m`nyk slkONR wvmw~ udRvk
gm|m`nyn~ ph vW @g`s~ n#w.
eq` @m| qE;~kr gm| pQy@s~ @b`rU mAm`vw~, @vl~ ipn#lQ mwQn~
pyt mQrQv#dQ sMlk~ pv` @n`m#wQv a#vQq @g`s~ rn~ pqk~km| qQnR
cRtQ m#NQ@k~@g~ jWvQw kw`v "m`ktQn~" hrh` pqk~km| qQn` g#nWmt
@vr qrn kYWd` nQl{`rWn~tw~ kYWdkyn~tw~ mhw~ a`qr\Xyk~ vnR a#w.
rsW vWrsQAh
r\Qsa##r\ ?tp~ksgjqp
C`y`r$p
g`mQNW mRNsQAh
pvR@l~ s`m`jQkyn~ ekvR @m`@h`wk~.
byQsQkl~ {`vn wrg@yn~ l#bR or@l`~sRv ihL C`y`r$p@y~
