snw~ gONwQlk nQs` nQml~ sQrQp`lt @vc|c
alklAcQyk~!
uwOr#m#q sh sbrgmRv pL`w~ sx` Cn~qy pQLQb[ @m| qQnvl sm`j@y~
a#wQ aqhs~ uqhs~ vQvQ{y....... vQ;my.
rjy @m| pL`w~ sx` @qkm iw` phsR@vn~ jygnR a#w#yQ a#w#m| @q~Xp`ln
nQrWk;k@y`~ kl~wQy`m an`v#kQ pL kr sQtQyh. e@hw~ ek~sw~ j`wQk
pk;y h` jvQ@py @mhQqW sRU@k`t w#kQy @n`h#kQy kQy` wr\k krn
pQrQsk~ q sQtQyh. v`m`AXQk Cn~q sn~{`nyt h` jvQ@pyt @bqW gQy
kl ehQ v`sQy anQv`r\y@yn~m ej`py vQsQn~ lb`gnR a#w#yQ ovRhR wr\k
kr sQtQyh.
@m| avQnQX~cQw v`w`vrNy hmR@v| rjy iw` s#lsRm|shgwv pL`w~
sx` @q@k~ ww~w~vy prWk;` kQrWmt psRgQy swQ kQhQpy wOL pRUl~
smWk;N kQhQpyk~ q krnR l#bWy.
ek~ smWk;Nyk~ krnR l#bR@v| XYW lAk` @p`lQsQy hrh`y. jnm`{&
h` @w`rwOr# am`w&`AX@y~ up@q~XkykO vn crQw @h~rw~ yt@w~q wvw~
smWk;Nyk~ @kr#NR awr jn`{QpwQ @l~km| k`r\y`lyq @vn mm smWk;Nyk~
a`rm|x kr wQbQNQ.
@m| smWk;N wO@nhQ pYwQPly psRgQy swQ@y~ jn`{QpwQvry` awt @mn~m
ek~sw~ jnw` nQqhs~ sn~{`n@y~ Cn~q stn @m@hyvn n`ykk`rk`qWn~
awt q l#bW wQbQNQ.
@m| smWk;N wO@n~m pYwQPlyt anRv ek~sw~ jnw` nQqhs~ sn~{`n@y~
jy e~k`n~w vRvw~ pYwQPl@y~ sAK&` @w`rwOr# awr @l`kO prs~pryk~
@p@nn~nt wQbQNQ. crQw @h~rw~@g~ smWk;Nyt anRv sn~{`ny h` ej`py
awr Cn~q pYwQPl@y~ prwry 36% kQ. sn~{`ny 59% k~ gn~n` vQt
ej`py lb`@gn wQbR@N~ e~ smWk;Nyt anRv 23% k Cn~q pYwQXwykQ.
jn`{QpwQ k`r\y`ly kL smWk;N vl pYwQPly q @mwrm| @l`kO
prwryk~ @pn~nRm| @n`kLw~ mWtm LMQn~ yn~nkQ. e@hw~ @p`lQsQy kr
wQbR smWk;N@y~ pYwQPly sn~{`nyt ek~wr` rwO sAZ`vk~ nQkOw~
krn~nk~ vR@y~y. ehQ @m| @qk awr prwy vR@y~ 9% kQ.
jn`{QpwQ mhQn~q @m| smWk;N v`r\w` wO@nn~ vd`w~ s#lkQl~lt gw~
smWk;N v`r\w`v vR@y~ @p`lQsQ@y~ v`r\w`vyQ. It anRv @m| m#wQvrN@y~qW
sn~{`ny iqQrQ qQnvlqW mWtw~ vd` @v@hs mhn~sQ vW jnw`v awrt y`
yRwO bv kQyvQNQ.... sn~{`n@y~ m#wQvrN ktyRwO @m@hyvR n`yk@y`~
@m| ww~w~vy psRgQy swQy ptn~gnQw~m q#dQ @ls s#lkQl~lt @gn a#wQ
bv @p@nn~nt wQbQNQ.
jnpwQ avQ@v|kWv
jn`{QpwQvry`t psRgQy swQ@y~ v#d r`jk`rQ @mn~m gmn~ bQmn~ q
bhRly. ikOw~ 15 v#nQ sQkOr`q` ohR m#qmRln nQvst gQ@y~ wm s@h`~qry`@g~
pRwYy`@g~ mAgl uw~sv@y~ @qvn qQnyt shx`gQ vWm pQNQsy.
jn`{QpwQ mhQn~q m#qmRln @gqrt yn vQt e~ nQvs iw` mnrm| @ls
srs` wQbQNQ. ohRt ehQqW mwk~ vR@y~ wm` vQv`pw~v nQvst en vQt
m#qmRln @gqr srs` wQbR a`k`ryyQ.
wm s@h`~qry`@g~ pRwYy` vn ;mQn~qt h` rAjQw~ kr#N`rw~n@g~
qQyNQy @r`~;QNWt sRbpw` jnpwQ mhQn~q m#qmRln nQvst @g`d vR@y~y.
@m| mAgl&@y~ sQylE ktyRwO sAvQ{`ny kL X;Wn~qY r`jpk; @k`LBQn~
@m| uw~svyt a`r`{n` kr wQbR@N~ iw` sWmQw pQrQskty. e@hw~ g@mn~
@l`kO kOd` wr`wQrm @n`bl` 2500 kt pmN a`r`{ny kr wQbWm @mhQl`
vQ@X~;w~vyk~ vR@y~y.
jnpwQ mhQn~q @gqrt @g`s~ sRpRr#qE h`n~sQ pRtR@v| v`dQ vR
psR k$m @p`~lQmt vd` qQgO @p`~lQmk~ @g~ @qst a#@qn~nt vR@y~
jn`{QpwQvry` h` vcnyk~ @qkk~ kw` bh krn~nty.
@m| awr iw`m sWmQw m#wQ a#m#wQvr# pQrQsk~ q eq` e~ nQvst p#mQN
sQtQyh. cml~ r`jpk; iw` kOUpgv e~ pQrQs smg kw`bh krmQn~ sQtQ@y~y.
jnpwQ mhnRvrt
jn`{QpwQ mhQn~q r`jpk; m#qmRln mh @gqr mAgl& uw~svyt shx`gQ
vW in~psR @klQn~m gQ@y~ mhnRvr jn`{QpwQ mn~qQryty. qQgQn~
qQgtm kL @mb[E gmn~ bQmn~ nQs` jnpwQ mhQn~q iw` vQd`brv sQtQ@y~y.
e~ nQs` eqQn r`wYQ@y~ vQ@v|kWv sQtQn~nt jn`{QpwQvry` kl~pn` k@L~y.
psRq` enm| @snsRr`q` u@q~ jn`{QpwQ mhQn~q hmRvn~nt hQtpR jnpwQ
dW. bW. vQ@j~wOAg@g~ qQyNQy p#mQN sQtQy`y.
a@p~ w`w~wt q#n~ hRMk~ asnWpyQ. h#b#yQ obwOm` g#n kw`krn @k`t
a#s~ @l`kO krn~ a`X`@vn~ ah@gn in~nv`. obwOm` g#n hR
Mk~ unn~qE@vn~ vcnyk~ @qkk~ kw` krnv`. w`w~w` @gn gQy v#dpQLQ@vL
q#n~ obwOm` iw` s`r\}kv kr@gn ynv` kQyl` w`w~w` kQynv`. hRMk~m
yRq~@q g#n kw` krn@k`t ey` obwOm`@g~ v#dpQLQ@vL agy krnv`.
mm ewOm`@g~ qEk s#p bln~n @hqQyk~ @vn~krn~n kQv|v@n~. q#n~
e~ ktyRwO @h`[Qn~ @vnvq.
ov|.... ok~@k`m @h`[Qn~ krnv`.
hQtpR jn`{QpwQ vQ@j~wOAgyn~@g~ qQyNQy ew#nQn~ nQk~m gQy psR
qQyvdn nQl@m| nQlAg q$l bN~d`r, tQkQrQ @k`b|b$kdRv h` @k@hLQy
rBRk~v#l~l jn`{QpwQwOm` hmRvn~nt a`h. ovRhR kw` bh k@L~ eqQn
r`wYQ@y~ @prh#@r\ vQ@X~; v#dktyRwO h` vQ@X~;w` g#ny.
r`wYQ@y~ jn`{QpwQvry` iw` vQ@v|kWv sQw~@s~ @prh#r n#rBR@v|
hRr# pRr#qE s~}`n@y~ sQt @n`v a`rk;k @h~wSn~ mw @vnw~ a`rk;Qw
s~}`nyk sQty.
rnQl~ rw~npRrt
@m| awr @snsRr`q` u@q~ p`n~qrm ej`p n`yk rnQl~ rw~npRr
qQs~wYQk~k@y~ m#wQvrN r`jk`rQ s[h` pQtw~v gQ@y~y. mRlQn~m
klv`nt gQy rnQl~ ehQqW nn~q mRw~@wtQtRvgm sAvQ{`ny kL rFlQyk
kw` k@L~y. @j`~n~ amrwOAg, es~. bW., wlw`, qE@n~;~, rn~jn~
r`mn`ykq ehQ sQtQyh. rnQl~ e~ rFs~vW@mn~ psR nQvQwQgl, p#l~mdRl~l,
bLA@g`d h` bBr@k`tRv yn w#n~vl rFs~vWm| vlt gQ@y~y. rnQl~ @m|
rFs~vWm| vlqW av{`rNy krn~nt uw~s`h gw~ kr#Nk~ vR@y~ sn~{`nyt
@qn Cn~qy rNvQr#vn~t @qn Cn~qyk~ @n`v qR;Nyt h` bdgQn~nt pk;v
@qn Cn~qyk~ kQy`y. rnQl~ @m| kw`v h#m w#nm kW@v|y.
eqQn r`wYQ@y~ rw~npRr qQs~wYQk~k@y~ hqQsQ @m@hyRm| hmRvkt
shx`gQ vR rnQl~ anwOr#v vQ@v|k gn~nt gQ@y~y. e~ awr wlw` mh@l~km|vry`
vn wQs~s aw~wn`ykv k#[v`@gn a#h#lQy@g`d gQy`y. ohRv k#[v`@gn
gQ@y~ a#h#LQy@g`d pQQtQsr gmk rFs~vWmkty. ovRn~ ynvQt gyn~w @v|qQk`@v|
kw` krmQn~ sQtQ@y~y. iw` rH@b`~ vnwOr# @m| rFs~vWm p#vwQNQ.
jn`{QpwQ mhQn~q @prh#r bl` ivrvW psRq` u@qn~m qLq` smQ[E
v#[ pRq` gw~@w~y. in~ anwOr#v ohR @klQn~m gQ@y~ ml~vwO mh
n`hQmQ@y`~ b#h#qkQn~nt y. e~ avs~}`vt prQsr a#m#wQ p`TlW
cm|pQk rNvk q p#mQN sQtQ@y~y. p`TlW p#mQN sQtQ@y~ ml~vwO
vQh`ryt pQqWm s[h` angQ a#w~qL ktQtlyk~ rF@gny. jn`{QpwQvry`
e~ a#w~qL yRvL pQLQb[ sn~ns mhn`hQmQyn~t x`r k@L~y.
@m|k m@g~ prQw&`gyk~ @n`@vyQ. hmRq`@v|w~....... a#m#wQwOm`@g~
am`w&`AX@y~w~ prQw&`gyk~....... jnpwQ cm|pQk qk~vmQn~ kW@v|y.
@m| @m`@h`@w~ ml~vwO mh n`hQmQ@y`~ kw` k@L~y.
q#n~ r@tQ @l`kO @l`kOvt vr\jn wr\jn a`@yw~ ptn~ arn~@n~.
h#b#yQ h#b$ vr\jn kQylnm| @m|v` @p~n~@n~ n#h#. @m|v` pQtRps @l`kO
kOmn~wYN wQ@yn~n pRUvn~..... obwOm` prQs~smQn~ o|v` @w`~r @b|r@gn
wmn~@g v#dpQLQ@vL iqQrQyt @gnQyn~n.
mhn`hQmQ@y`~ vQX~vvQq&`lvl vr\jn g#nq kw` k@L~y. un~vhn~@s~@g~
av{`ny @y`mR k@L~ @m| vQX~vvQq&`l qr#vn~ pQLQb[ e~ @qmvRpQ@y`~
qk~vn @n`s#lkQl~l g#ny.
jn`{QpwQvry` in~ anwOr#v as~gQrQy mh vQh`rytq gQ@y~y. sRpRr#qE
prQqQ ehQ jnpwQ mhQn~q @vnR@vn~ u@q~ a`h`ry sRq`nm| kr wQbQNQ.
@k`c|cr k`lyk~ yyQq jn`{QpwQwOm` oy yRq~@q ivr @vn~n.
as~gQrQ hQmQ@y`~ vQmsRh.
jn`{QpwQvry` It pQLQwOr# qEn~@n~y.... un~vhn~@s~ qQgQn~
qQgtm vQms` sQtQ@y~ rt wOL a#wQ a`rk;k ww~w~vy g#ny. obtyQ,
rNvQr#vn~tyQ apQ nQwrm iwQn~ a`XQr\v`q krnv`. p@rs~smQn~ krn~n
o|n @q~ krn~n. p@rs~sm| @vn~n....... as~gQrQ hQmQ@y`~ kWh.
as~gQrQ mhn`hQmQyn~@gn~ smRgw~ jn`{QpwQvry` @kLQn~m
jn`{QpwQ m#[Ert gQ@y~y. m#[E@r\ axQnv@yn~ iqQ@k@rn bRqEpQLQm@y~
v#d ktyRwO @s`y` bln~ntq jn`{QpwQ gQ@y~y. @m| bRqEpQLQm@y~
mRhRN q`l wQbR@N~ bs~n`hQr @qsty.
sr\... @m|k v#rqQyQ. lAk`@v| @k`@h~vw~ bs~n`hQrt mRhRNq`l
bRqEpQLQm hqn~@n~ n#h#. lAk`@v| kOr#N$gl ekk~ wQ@ynv`. e~k
ngryt @p~n~n hqpR nQsyQ e~. e@hm n#w~nm| e@hm bs~n`hQrt mRhRN
q`n ek v#rFqQyQ..... a`rk;k nQl{`rQykO kW@v|y.
@m| mh`c`r\yvry`@g~ aqhs g#nw~ tQkk~ av{`ny @y`mRkrn~n....
jn`{QpwQ mhQn~q e~ bRqEpQLQm@y~ iqQkQrWm| x`r iAjQ@n~r#vry`t
wm a`rk;k nQl{`rQy` @pn~vmQn~ kW@v|y.
in~ psRv hvs jn`{QpwQ hmRvn~nt k$gl~l qQs~wYQk~k@y~
kYQy`k`rWhR pQrQsk~ p#mQNQyh. ovRn~ jn`{QpwQvry`t @pn~v` qEn~@n~
pYbl @q~Xp`lnZyn~ k$gl~l, rw~npRr qQs~wYQk~kvl wm n$q$
hQwmQwOrn~ Cn~qyt qm` ovRn~@g~ mn`p @g`d @l`kO krgn~n stnk
nQrwv sQtQn bvkQ. pYkt nm| gNn`vk~m kQyvQNQ. ovRn~ wm Z`wQ
mQwY`qWn~t pmNk~ mn`p lb`qWmt @p`ryk~ wQ@bn bv @mhQqW kQyvQNQ.
a#w~w...... o|k @vn bv mm qn~nv`. e~kyQ mm pk;@yn~ a@p~
@h`[ wr#N@y`~ pQrQsk~ q`n~n uw~s`h k@L~. smhr#n~t wm wmn~@g~
ay rQAgvgn~n o|n vRn`@n~. @k`@h`mtw~ oy k#w mn`p @p`ryt id@qn~n
ep` kQyl mm jnw`vt kQyn~nyQ in~@n~. iqQrQ rFs~vWm|vlqW mm
kQyn~nm|. r#vn~v#l~@l~qWw~ kQynv`. jnpwQ ovRn~ amw` kQy` sQtQ@y~y.
ov| sr\.... apQ nm| pk;yt Cn~@q q`nv`. e~ Cn~@q @qn~@n~ sr\t.
oy k#w mn`p @p`ryt apQ p`dmk~ ugn~nnv`.... nQ@y`~jQw@y`~ kWh.
nn~qQw~ eyQ
oy awr m{&m pL`w~ a`N~dRk`r srw~ e~kn`yk jn`{QpwQwOm`
hmRvn~nt jnpwQ m#[Ert a`@v|y.
sr\...... rnQl~ nn~qQmQwY e~kn`ykt pk;@y~qW hrQyt pYX~n a#wQ
krl`. mQnQh` rnQl~ ek~k hrQ wr@hn~ in~@n~. @h`[tm ej`py g#n
klkQrQl`. o|n~nm| mt q#n~ vRNw~ mQnQhv a@p~ LMt ek~k en~n
pRUvn~.... srw~ kWy.
jn`{QpwQvry` It ekMw`v pL kL s#NQn~ srw~ e~kn`yk @g`s~
nn~qQv rF@gn a`@v|y. ohR jn`{QpwQvry`t a`c`r kr iqQrQ@y~qW
sn~{`nyt ek~vWmt k#m#wQ bv pYk`X kr sQtQ@y~y.
e@hnm| nn~qQ ymRq m`w~ ek~k aq r#vn~v#l~@l~ rFs~vWmt.....
ymR...... ohRw~ ekMw`v pL k@L~y. @m| gmn @hlQ@k`p~tr@yn~
y$mt sQyl~l s#lsRm| kr wQbQNQ. e@hw~ jn`{QpwQvry`t avX& vR@y~
p`r qQ@g~ ehQ y$mty. mt gm n#MO@mn~, mg n#MO@mn~ e~ pL`wt @vl`
wQ@yn @s~vy tQkk~ @h`yl bln~n o|n....... jn`{QpwQ kW@v|y.
e@hw~ jn`{QpwQvry`t e~ gmn phsR vR@y~ n#w. rFs~vWmt p#mQNQ
v`hn h` @snM hQrvWm nQs` jn`{QpwQvry`@g~ v`hnvltq mg qQ@g~
hQrvW sQtWmt sQqEvW wQbQNQ. @k@s~ @h`~ avs`n@y~ r#vn~v#l~@l~
rFs~vWmt gQy jn`{QpwQ ehQqW vQ@X~; kw`vk~ k@L~y.
@m| a`k`ryt psRgQy swQy vn vQt @m| pL`w~ sx` m#wQvrNy nQs`
sn~{`ny pmNk~ @m| r@tQ pY{`n rFs~vWm| 1760 k~ kr wQbQNQ. in~
pY{`nm rFs~vWm| 10 kt agm#wQ vry` shx`gQ vR@y~y. qQs~wYQk~k 4
s[h` pY{`n rFs~vWm| 4 kt jn`{QpwQvry` shx`gQ vR@y~y. 18 vnq`
k$gl~@l~ rFs~vWm m`vn#l~@l~ wQbQNQ. jn`{QpwQvry` It shx`gQ vR@y~y.
It amwrv psRgQy swQ@y~ @p`@l`n~nr#v rFs~vWm s[h` q jn`{QpwQvry`
iw` u@q&`g@yn~ shx`gQ vW sQtQ@y~y.
jn`{QpwQ mhQn~q @mhQqW sAvQ{`ykyn~ h` @m| m#wQvrN@y~
nQymRvn~ amw` qEn~ avv`qy vR@y~ mhn~sQy @n`bl` @m| swQy wOL
krn pYc`rk v#dktyRwO sQyl~l @qgONykQn~ @v|gvw~ kL yRwO bvkQ.
It @h~wOv vR@y~ @m| lQpQ@y~ mRlQn~ kW smWk;Nyt anRv @p`lQs~
v`r\w`vkQn~ ej`pyw~, sn~{`nyw~ awr prwry 9% k~ vW wQ@bn bv
jn`{QpwQvry` @pn~v` qEn~@n~y.
nQml~t n#vw vrqW
jn`{QpwQvry` shx`gQ vn ek~sw~ jnw` nQqhs~ sn~{`n@y~ avs`n
rFs~vWm p#v#w~vR@N~ psRgQy 20 v#nQq` a#BQlQpQtQy pY@q~X@y~y.
e~ s[h` jn`{QpwQvry` mhw~ unn~qEvkQn~ shx`gQ vW sQtQ@y~y.
@m| @m`@h`@w~ rFs~vW@m| pY{`n k}QkykO vR nQml~ sQrQp`l q
sQl~v` sx`@vn~ avsr gnQq~qW @m@s~ kW@v|y.
awQgr# jn{QpwQwOmQy@gn~ avsryQ........
kvRr#w~ It @k`k~ hVl` sQnhsRNh. e~ vn vQt @mvr m#wQvrN
rFs~vWm| v&`p`ryt pY}m vw`vt shx`gQ @vmQn~ ek~wr` vQ@X~;Qw
pRq~gly@yk~ p#mQN @v|qQk`@v| sQtQ@y~y. @h~ an~ kvRr#vw~ @n`v
hQtpR jn`{QpwQnQy@g~ m`{& up@q~Xk @ls ktyRwO kL snw~ gONwQlkyQ.
@m| snw~ a#vQl~l` @mwn v`dQ@vl` in~nv`@n~.... nQml~ @m| p#w~w
bln@k`t snw~ hQtpR nQs` ek p`rtm hQ@wn~n a#wQ @m|k cn~qYQk`@g~
k`@l~ kQyl`....
jn`{QpwQvry` hV ng` e@s~ kW@v| @v|qQk`@v| sQtQ k`htw~ a#@sn
@lsy....
a@p~ jn`{QpwQwOm` vQhQU krn~nw~ hrQ qs~syQ kQymQn~ wm
adRp`dRv hQn`@vn~ vs`gw~ nQml~ sQrQp`l wm kw`v qQgtm kr@gn gQ@y~y.
17 v#nQ irQq` u@q~ vQpk; n`yk rnQl~ k$gl~l pY@q~X@y~ ytQyn~@w`t,
bRlw~@k`hRpQtQy, kbgmRv, q#rNQygl pY@q~Xvl rFs~vWm|vlt shx`gQ
vQy. rvW smrvWr, kbWr\ h;Wm|, cm|pQk` h` rn~jn~ r`mn`yk q rnQl~
smg gQyh. @m| rFs~vWm| awrwOr @qmL jnw`v sQtQ rFs~vWm|vlqW
rnQl~ @w`N~dmn~t b#NvqQmQn~ @qmL jnw`v g#n kw` k@L~y. n#vw
vw`vw~ @m| r@tQ vwOkm|kr# Cn~q kQsQ@vkOtw~ @vn~@q~sQ@y~ @y`qvn~nt
wmn~ id @n`@qn bv @h~ kQy` p$@v|y.
psRvq` rnQl~ sQtQ@y~ k$gl~@l~my. vrk`@p`l, gl~gmRv, rBRk~kn,
arn`yk, uwOvn~kn~q a`qW pY@q~Xvl rFs~vWm| wQbQNQ. ohR@g~ shyt
rn~jn~ r`mn`yk h` k$gl~l ej`p n`yk@y`~ q p#mQN sQtQyh. @m|
a`k`ryt ohR rFs~vWm| vlt @g`s~m a{Qk @ls @v@hs vW sQtQ@y~y.
@m| awr eq`m wQs~s aw~wn`yk h` qy`sQrQ jy@s~kr m#qvc|cQy,
pqvQy, k#bQwQ@g`l~l$v pY@q~Xvl rFs~vWm| s[h` pQtw~v @g`s~
sQtQyh.
@s`~mvAXw~ pqvQ@y~
@m| vn vQt jnw` vQmRk~wQ @prmR@N~ n`yk @s`~mvAX amrsQAh q
pqvQy pY@q~Xyt p#mQN sQtQ@y~y. ohR 16, 17 yn qQn @qkm gw k@L~
pqvQy pY@q~X@y~ @g`vQ jnw`v awr s#rQsrmQn~ ovRn~ h` kw` bh
krmQn~. ohR ehQqW wnQkrm k@L~ @g`vQ hmRvlt shx`gQ vW kw` bh
kQrWmy.
apQ @g`vQ@y`~. @m| r@tQ jnw`v kn~@n~ apQ hqn h`l~...... e~w~
apt wQ@yn~@n~ kOdm|m`@g~ s#lkQl~l... @g`vQ@y`~ m#sQvQlQ n#gSh.
@s`~mvAX amrsQAh kw` krmQn~ kW@v| prQv`s a`N~dRv k`l@y~ k^;Qkr\m
am`w&`AXy hrh` @g`vQyn~t kL @s~vy h` v#d @k`ts pQLQb[vy. @m|
r@tQ @g`vQyn~t @gv` gn~n b#rQ @g`vQ Ny kp` h#rQ@y~q j.vQ.@p.
m#qQhw~v bv ohR @pn~v` qEn~@n~y.
@mvr jvQ@py uwOr#m#q pL`w~ sx`v s[h` Cn~qy il~ln~@n~ @g`vQjnw`v
nM` sQtRvWmt @vnmm kYQy`w~mk kL h#kQ v#dpQLQ@vLk~ q shQwv bv
@h~ kW@v|y.
@g`vQw#@n~qW vQwrk~ @n`@vyQ.....@k`tQ ghn w#n~vlqW pv` jvQ@p
s@h`~qr@y`~ a@p~ a`rk;`vt iqQrQpw~ @vl` v#d kL`..... @g`vQ@y`~
kQyn~nt vRh. anQk~ ay a`@v| j.vQ. @p. apQ g#n bl`gw~wt ps~@s~.........
ovRhR kWh.
in~ anwOr#v @s`~mvAX k#bQwQ@g`l~l$v, pqvQy pY@q~Xvl hmRq` @s~n`Akvltq
@g`s~ hmRq` @sbU h` pY{`nWn~ smg kw` bh krmQn~ sQtQ@y~y.
s[Eq` enm| 18 v#nQq` jnw` vQmRk~wQ @prmR@N~ @ktQ @q~Xp`ln
mN~dl rFs~vWmk~ q anRr`{pR@y~ qW pv#w~vQNQ. rw~npRr m#wQvrN
ktyRwOvl nQrwv sQtQ b#vQn~ pYc`rk @l~km| vQjQw @h~rw~t It
shx`gQ vWmt @n`h#kQ vQy. nmRw~ ohR rw~npRr qQs~wYQk~k@y~ m#wQvrN
@m@hyRm| ktyRwO pQLQb[ pYgwQy sm`@l`~cny kL v`r\w`vk~ ev`
wQbQNQ. @ssR qQs~wYQk~k 3 pQLQb[v q eb[E v`r\w` p#mQN wQbQNQ.
@q~Xp`ln mN~dl rFs~vW@m|qW mRlQkvm k@L~ em sm`@l`~cn v`r\w` @gn
s`kc|C`vt b[En~ kQrWmy. in~ anwOr#v pRUl~ @ls jWvn vQyqm h`
bdRmQl g#nq s`kc|C` @krQNQ.
@l`~k @v@L[@p`@L~ @wl~mQl aq phL b#h#l`. a`N~dRv mQl v#dQ
vRN`m tk~ g`l` @m@h~ mQl It glpnv`. nmRw~ adR@vn@k`t @m@h~ mQl
adR@vn~@n~ hRMk~ k`lyk~ gQhQn~.... tQl~vQn~ kWy.
e~ @vnRvt wv wvw~ bqE ghn eknm| krnv`. q#n~ @m| @tlQ@f`~n~
bQl~vlQn~ 1·3 k~m bqE@n~. @m|k bq~qt gQy rtk~ @vl`.... anRr
kWy.
e~ anRv jvQ@p @q~Xp`ln mN~dl rFs~vWm q e@wkQn~ avsn~ vQy.
vQ@X~;@yn~m jvQ@pn~ anRr`{pRr qQs~wYQk~k@y~ jygYhN pQLQb[ @l`kO
bl`@p`@r`w~wOvk~ wb` sQtQn bv @pnQNQ. e~ s[h` ovRhR
sAvQ{`n`w~mk s#lsRm|q sks~ kr wQbQNQ.
kQsQm Cn~@qkt @n`il~lEvq j`wQk nQqhs~ @prmRNt q psRgQy swQy
awQXyQn~ k`r\y bhRl ekk~ vR@N~y. It @h~wOv a`grpwn, qQvRlpQtQy,
hk~mn, bQbQl, mhnRvr, pRw~wlm yn pY@q~Xvl p#v#wQ s`m`jQkyn~
b[v` g#nW@m| rFs~vWm| m`l`vy. It amwrv mhnRvrqW "rt bd sh @ht"
@q~Xn m`l`vq It blp` wQbQNQ. vQml~, nn~qn, kml~ a#wOU n`yk@y`~
qQgQn~ qQgtm e~ rFs~vWm|vlt shx`gQ vRh....
@m| s`m`jQk@y`~ b[v` g#nW@m| rFs~vWm| m`l`v psRgQy 20 v#nQ
bq`q` avsn~ vR@y~y. 17 v#nQq` hk~mn p#v#wQ rFs~vWm e~ awr awQ
s`r\}k ek~k vR@y~y........ e@hw~ hk~mnqW e~ rFs~vWmt
sAvQ{`n`w~mk pQrQsk@gn~ q#dQ b`{` el~l vn~nt vRh. em rFs~vWmt
aq`L pYc`rk ktyRwOvl nQrwv sQtQ pQrQsktq psRgQy 16 v#nQq`
hk~mnqW qr#NR pYh`ryk~ el~l vW wQbQNQ.
@q~Xp`ln mN~dly
psRgQy 20 v#nQq` j`wQk nQqhs~ @prmR@N~ @q~Xp`ln mN~dl
rFs~vWmk~q p#v#w~vQNQ. ehQqW kml~ @q~XpQYy aqhs~ qk~vmQn~
kW@v|.........
@m| Cn~qy @l`kO blp$mk~ h#m pk;yktm a#wQ krn Cn~qyk~.
a`N~dRv qQnRvw~ qQnn~@n~ @l`kO pYwQXwykQn~ @n`@vyQ. yR. a#n~.
pW. ekyQ @j~vWpW ekyQ wv phLt v#@tQvQ. nmRw~ rjyt iqQrQyt yn~n
b#rQ @vnv`. @m| nQs` r@tQ @q~Xp`ln gmn~ m@g~ @l`kO @vnsk~ @vnv`
nQywyQ....
@m| Cn~q nQs` vRN ekm @q~wmyQ yR. en~. pW. y g#n wQbRN jnw`
av{`ny adR vRN ek. e~k ec|cr @h`[ @qyk~ @n@vyQ. acl j`@g`d kW@v|y.
ov|..... avs`n yRq jygYhNyk~ lbn wOr#m m#wQvrNvlt yn ek v#rFqQyQ.
e~k g#n apQ rjyt blp$mk~ krn~n @vnv`.
@mm aqhst @q~Xp`ln mN~dl@y~ anRm#wQy l#bQNQ. e~ awr
s`m`jQkyn~ b[v` g#nWm| @qvn aqQyr p#v#w~vWmtq "rt bd sh @ht"
sm|mn~wYNy iqQrQyt @gn y$mtq @q~Xp`ln mN~dl@y~ k#m#w~w pL @krQNQ.
@m| awr kc|cwQv| qEpw iqQrQyt a`@v|y. lAk`v h` in~qQy`v awr
a`rvRlk~ nQr\m`Ny krn~nt qkONR in~qQy`@v| @k`tQn~t hQwvw~ @q~Xp`ln
pk;yk pQrQsk~ @gn yn argly g#nq j`nQ@p @q~Xp`ln mN~dly qWr\Gv
kw` bh kLh.
rnQl~ @p`@L`n~nr#@v|
s[Eq` r`wQYy mhnRvr vtpRU@v| mlQk~l`@g~ @gqr gw kL vQpk;
n`yk rnQl~ psRq` u@qn~m @p`L`n~nr# y$mt pQtw~v gQ@y~ qLq` vhn~@s~
q v#[ pRq` gw~ psRvy. @p`@L`n~nr#@v| avsn~ rFlQy p#v#w~ vR@N~
u@q~ 11.00 t y. @m| s[h` rnQl~, wQs~s, anQl~, vjQr, sjQw~,
lk;~mn~ @s@nvQrw~n, kQrQa#l~l h` j`nk @p@r\r` q sQtQyh. sQy
upn~ qQny mdRR pl~lQ@y~ sQt smr`, in~psRv @p`@L`n~nr#@v|
sAvQ{`n ktyRwOvlt a` @q`s~wr jylw~ jyvr\{n q @m| rFlQ@y~ sQtQ@y~y.
@m| sQylEm @qn` ILMt anRr`{pRryt gQyh. anRr`{pRr@y~ rnQl~@g~
avsn~ rFs~vWm p#v#w~vR@y~ kd 50 mAsn~{Q@y~qWy. e~ rFs~vWmt
vQX`l jn shx`gQw~vyk~ wQbQNQ. @m| rFs~vWm p#v#w~@vn awrv`r@y~
@v|g@yn~ e~ @qst gQln~ r} hyk~ syQrn~ nl` hVv`@gn p#mQNQyh. kr#N`krl
ayQn~ @vl` id @qn~n. oy en~@n~ a@p~ vW@r`~q`r rNvQr#@v`~. uwO@r\
st@n~qW wOv`l vRN ay rnQl~ kW@v|y.
e@hw~ pQrQs @n`sn~sRn~ vRh. n#h#. n#h#. e~ v`hnvl kvRr#vw~
n#h#. oy a`@v| apQv g#tRmkt al~l gn~n pRUvn~q kQyl bln~n. ew#n
sQtQ mQnQs~sR kWh.....
bq`q` ek~sw~ j`wQk pk;@y~ rw~npRr avsn~ pYc`rk rFlQy u@q~
10.00 t rw~npRr@y~qW p#v#w~vQNQ. wQs~s, @j`~n~, es~. bW., wlw`,
qQ@n~;~, rvW kr#N`n`yk h` rn~jn~ It shx`gQ vW sQtQyh.
eq` hvs 4.00 t avs`n pYc`rk rFlQy wQbR@N~ k$gl~l ngr@y~qWy.
e~ rFs~vW@m| rnQl~ sQtQn awrv`r@y~ j`nk @p@r\r`@gn~ ohRt
qErkwn a#mwOmk~ l#bQNQ.
j`nk kW@v| eqQn hvs anRr`{pRr e. j`. pk; kLmn`k`r @j`~n~
pRl~@l~@g~ nQvst klblk`rWn~ pQrQsk~ gQnQ w#bR bvy. It psRv e~
pQrQs ngr@y~ wQbR wvw~ nQvskt gQnQ wb` a#wQ bv kW@v|y. e~ nQvs
ej`p a@p~k;kyn~ awr anRr`{pRr@y~ k#pW @p@nn nWwQZ ks~wOrQ
anRr`{n`ykt ayw~ bv j`nk @p@r\r` kW@v|y. evn~ sQqEvWm| gNn`vk~
g#nm e~ vn vQt rnQl~t asn~nt l#bQNQ.
vh`m kw` krn~n ayQ. jW. pW. t. kw` krn~n nQ@y`~j& @p`lQs~pwQ
g`mQNW nvrw~nt. ey`l kQynv`@n~ @m|v` @vn~n @qn~@n n#h# kQyl`.
nmRw~ @m| @vl` wQ@yn @q~vl~vlt vgkQyn~@n~ kvRq kQyl ey`l@gn~
ahn~n........ e~ vn vQt anRr`{pRr@y~ sQqEvW wQbR@N~ mhw~
av`sn`vn~w sQqE vWmkQ. It @h~wOv em krqry yhpw~ mQnQs~sR @ls
pYkt @j`~n~ pRl~@l~ h` ks~wOrQ anRr`{n`yk v#nQ ay@g~ @q~pLvlt
sQqE vWmy.....
@m| sQqEvWm|vlt p`r k#pR wvw~ av`sn`vn~w sQqEvWmk~ e~ vnvQt
eq` @j`~n~ pRl~@l~@g~ nQvs asl sQqE vW wQbQNQ.
ek~sw~ jnw` nQqhs~ sn~{`n@y~ anRr`{pRr avsn~ rFs~vWm e~ vn
vQt a#rBW wQbQNQ. e~ rFs~vWm wQbR@N~ @j`~n~ pRl~@l~ mhw`@g~
nQvst wrmk~ LM w#nky. e~ s[h` jnw`v y` yRwOv wQbR@N~w~ @j`~n~
pRl~@l~ mhw`@g~ nQvs iqQrQ@ynQ. @m| rFs~vWm s[h` eq` vQ@X~;
a`r`{Qwy` vR@y~ jnm`{& h` @w`rwOr# am`w& anRr pQYyqr\Xn y`p`y.
em rFs~vWmt shx`gQ vn~nt p#mQNQ vQX`l pQrQsk~ @pLp`lQyk~ @ls
s$qW @j`~n~ pRl~@l~@g~ nQvs iqQrQ@yn~ gmn~ krmQn~ sQtQyh. e~
vnvQt @m| nQvs j`nk @p@r\r`@g~ k`r\y`lykt qW wQbR b#vQn~ j`nk
@p@r\r`@g~ a`{`rkr#@v`~ q @l`kO pQrQsk~ ew#n sQtQyh.
@m| awrv`r@y~ p`@r\ gQy pQrQs stn~p`T kQymQn~ k$ gsmQn~ jy@G`~;`
nMmQn~ wm k`r\y`ly iqQrQ@yn~ y$m ehQ sQtQ kQsQym| pQrQsk@g~ @n`swOtt
@h~wO vRh. @m|nQs` nQvs @qsQn~ @pLp`lQyt @vdQ vr#s`vk~ el~l @krQNQ.
@m| @vdQ v#qWm nQs` @pLp`lQ@y~ gQy ek~ aykO ew#nm a#qv#tQNQ.
ohR@g~ uqr pY@q~Xyt @vdQ uN~d gNn`vk~ m a#wOUv wQbRR@Nn~
@b`@h`~ @qnkO sQwO@v| ohR mQygQy` kQy`y.
@m| sQqEvWmw~ smgm kOpQw vR p`lny kL @n`h#kQ pQrQsk~ qQgt
hrht @j`~n~ pRl~@l~@g~ nQvst phr @qn~nt ptn~ gw~h.
sQq~{Qy a#rBR@N~ e@s~y.
@m| awr e~ h` sm`nm av`sn`vn~w sQqEvWmk~ @p`@L`n~nr#@v| 20
v#nQq` sQqEvQNQ. @@mwYQp`l sQrQ@s~n a#m#wQvry`@g~ s@h`~qry` vn
dd|lQt kQsQym| pQrQsk~ vQsQn~ @p`@L`n~nr#@v|qW phr qW wQbQNQ.
@m| phrqWm @kwrm| qr#NRq kQv@h`w~ ohR@g~ ek~ kkOlk~ as~}Q@yn~m
@vn~ vn @ls blvw~ kdR phrk~q el~l @k`t wQbQNQ. anRr`{pRr@yn~
h` @p`@l`n~nr#@vn~ wOv`l vR @m| wOv`lkr#vn~ @q@qn`m @m| vnvQt
sQtQnR@y~ q#dQ sw~k`r e~kk vly.
@m| a`k`ryt vQ@X~;@yn~ anRr`{pRr@y~ @qp#w~@wn~m sQqE @k@rn
ax`g& sm|pn~n sQqEvWm| kQsQ@s~w~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW sm`jyk s`mk`mW
Cn~qy awQXyQn~ axQ@y`~gyt lk~ kr wQbQNQ.
dQl`n~t hrsr
anRr`{pRry @k@s~ @vww~ @p`@L`n~nr#@v| nm| eb[E sQqEvWm|
ahn~nt qkQn~nt l#bR@N~ ekk~ @qkkQ. psRgQy 19 v#nQq` dQl`n~
@p@r\r` @@mwYQp`l sQrQ@s~n h` dls~ a#m#wQvr#n~@g~ a`r`{n@yn~
@p`@L`n~nr#v pYc`rk ktyRwOvlt shx`gQ vn~nt gQ@y~y. ehQqW
dQl`n~t rFs~vWm| kQhQpykm kw` krn~nt l#bQNQ.
@mhQqW dQl`n~ anRgmny kL pYwQpw~wQyk~ vR@y~ jnw`v awrt @g`s~
ovRn~ h` smWpv pYX~n kw`bh kQrWmyQ. @mhQqW @vnw~ @q~Xp`lnZyn~@gn~
@n`l#@bn idk~ jnw`vt dQl`n~@gn~ l#bQNQ. jnw`v dQl`n~ vt` @r`k~
@vmQn~ ohR osv` gnQmQn~ k$@k`~ ghn~nt pv` ptn~ gw~@w~y.
avs`n@y~ 19 v#nQq` svs a`psR en~nt sQw` sQtQ dQl`n~t @@mwYQ@g~
@prFw~wy nQs` @p`@L`n~nr#@v| nwr vn~nt sQqEvQy. e@hw~ ohRt
pYm`Nvw~ a#[Em| @n`wQbQNQ. k;NykQn~ @p`@L`n~nr#@v| s`p~pRvkt
gQy dQl`n~ in~ srmk~ sh nQl~ ;r\tyk~ mQlqW @gn ey a#[ gw~@w~y.
obwOm`t gQy swQ@y~ cml~ a#m#wQwOm` @l`kO shwQkyk~ qEn~nlE@n.
"m@g~ pR@wk~ v@g~" kQyl` pw~wrvl q#k~k`. a#w~wtm ewn e@hm
kQv|vq. ehQqW ek~ a@ykO dQl`n~@gn~ a#sWy.
ov|..... ewOm` a#hRv` wmyQ. iwQn~ e~k a#w~w. ew@k`t mm
kQypR ek a`rAcQ n#q~q...? mm e~ @m`@h`@wm uw~sv@yqW kQv|v`
m@g~ jWvQ@w~ a#m#wQvr# kQhQp @q@nk~ ek~km v#d krl wQbRNw~ @m|
wmyQ mm gw krn w^p~wQmw~m k`ly kQylw~ kQv|v`. e~kw~ a#w~w....
dQl`n~ kW@v|y.
@m| @p`@L`n~nr# gmn nQs` psRq` u@q~ wvw~ pY{`n amRw~wkO @ls
nm| kr wQbR @w`rwOr# w`k~;N@v|qWn~@g~ sAgm@y~ uw~svyktq shx`gQ
vn~nt dQl`n~t @n`h#kQ vQy.
mn~n`rm @g`dn#MWm
@m| awr kr# jysRrQy am`w&vry`tq vd`w~ vQ@X~; r`jk`rQyk~ p#vrW
wQbQNQ. v`k@r\ h` s`m|pRr\ pY@q~X@y~ kL`k~ @mn~ mn~n`rm| pY@q~Xyq
mRq` g#nW@mn~ psR n#vw sQvQl~ prQp`lny pQhQtRvW@m| vgkWm p#vr#@N~
r`j& prQp`ln a#m#wQvry` h#tQyt kr# jysRrQyty. n#@gnhQr pY@q~Xy
qQn 180 kQn~ n#AvRv` @s~ mn~n`rm pY@q~Xy qQn 80 kQn~ nAvn @ls
kr# a#m#wQvry`t jnpwQ wOmn~@gn~ up@qs~ l#bW wQbQNQ.
vh`m kYQy`w~mk vR a#m#wQvry` mn~n`rm| qQs~wYQk~k@y~ pY`@q~XWy
@l~km|vr# a#wOU @j&;~T nQl{`rWn~ ek~ p@sktw~ am`w&AX@y~
nQl{`rQn~ h` pY@q~Xy nAv`lWmt avX& @ssR am`w&AXvl nQl{`rWn~ ek~
p@sktw~ @gn @tlQ kn~frn~s~ ~ kYmy mgQn~ @qp#w~w sm|bn~{ kr
uw~wr @svRh. e~ anRv mn~n`rm nAvn~nt iw` ik~mnQn~ s#lsRmk~ sks~
krn @ls a#m#wQvry` nQl{`rWn~t up@qs~ qEn~@n~y.
mr\vQn~
psRgQy swQ@y~ @q~Xp`ln @l`~k@y~ @q~Xp`ln alklAcQ @k`pmN
wQbRNw~ e~ awr mr\vQn~ sQl~v` q k#pW @pnQnQ. ohRq psRgQy swQ@y~
pYkt m`w^k`vk~ vR@y~y. It @h~wOv mr\vQn~ aw~adAgOvt @gn
a{QkrNy hmRvt pmRNRvn~nt kQy` ihL a{QkrN@yn~ @p`lQsQyt nQ@y`~g
l#bWmy.
@m| nQs` r@tQ jnw`v bl` sQtQ@y~ @p`lQsQy @m| pYX~ny @k@ls
x`r gnWvQq kQy`y.
e@hw~ mr\vQn~ sQl~v`t nm| ekW pYX~ny an~ ayt wrm| q#nRnR
bvk~ @n`@p@nnQ. mr\vQn~ aw~adAgOvt gn~n kQy`, @n`gn~@n~ mn~q
kQy` a#w#m| m`{&@v|qWn~ h` kl~lQ kN~d`ym| @k`wrm| uq~@G`~;N
kLw~ e~ kQsQvk~ mr\vQn~t blp$@v| n#w. e~ awrwOr pRr\N a`rk~;k
vQ{QvQ{`n pQt pL`w~ sx` m#wQvrN pYc`rk v#d ktyRwO s[h`q pQtw~v
gQ@y~y.
avs`n@y~ mr\vQn~ nWwQZ pQrQsk~ smg @g`s~ nWwQyt x`r vR@y~y.
in~ ohR a#p lb`@gn eLQyt p#mQNQ@y~q sQy sRpRr#qE nQqhs~
vQl`sy rttm vQqh` p`mQnQ. @k`~ m`{&@v|qWn~ gn~n gn~n m`v gn~n.
h#b#yQ m`v gn~nv` v@g~m a@p~ uwOrt gQhQl~l vQ@r`~q`r hmRq`v @k`tQn~t
qEvn~n ghn e~vw~ nQvrFqQv gn~n y#yQ kQymQnQ.
pWtr\ @h~s~ cm|pQk hmRv
psRgQy swQ@y~ XYW lAk`@v| bQYw`n& nv mh @k`ms`rQs~ pWtr\ @h~s~,
cm|pQk a#m#wQvry` hmRvn~nt a`@v|y. @m| avs~}`vt awOrlQ@y~ rwn,
nQX`n~w vr\NsQAh, uqy gm|mn~pQl, n@r\n~qY gONwQlk a`qWhRq p#mQN
sQtQyh.
pWtr\ @h~s~@g~ aqhs vR@y~ lAk`v iw` @v|g@yn~ ir`ny h` cWny
@qst wl~lE @vmQn~ sQtQn nQs` bthQr rtvl~ s#k@yn~ bln~nt ptn~ @gn
a#wQ bvkQ.
cm|pQk It nQsQ pQLQwOr# @qmQn~ kW@v| bthQr rtvl qr\Xn pQLQg#nWmt
lAk`v b#[W n#wQ bvkQ. m`nv hQmQkm| pQLQb[ @b_q~{ sAkl~py @h~
mn`v pWtr\ @h~s~t p#h#qQlQ kr qEn~@n~y.
