h#[Qn~vWm

XYW lAk`@v|  smRqYWy qRpw~ a`k`r@yn~ pQhQtQ ekm j`wQk uq&`ny p@rvQ qRpwyQ. lAk`v vt` s~}`n kQhQpyk smRqYWy  axyxSmQ pQhQt` a#wQ awr hQk~kdR@v| wvw~ smRqYWy j`wQk uq&`nyk~ wQbRNq @k`rl~ sm|pwQn~ @p`@h`sw~ @x_mQk @g`dbQmkQn~ q smn~vQw @mvn~ v#qgw~ vnjWvW rk;Qwyk~ @vnw~ w#nkQn~ hmR @n`@v|.

mRhRq m{&@y~ pQhQtQ qRpw~ @qkk~ @ls h` gl~pr kQhQpyk~ @ls uq&`ny nQr\m`Ny vW a#w. qRpw~ @qk @l`kO p@rvQ qRpw @ls h` @p`dQ p@rvQ qRpw @ls h#[Qn~@v|. @l`kO p@rvQ qRpw qQgQn~ mWtr\ 500:600 k~ pmN @v|. pLl mWtr\ 100:150 kQ. kOd` p@rvQ qRpw vtkOr# s~vx`vyk~ gnW. vt` gl~prvlQn~ smn~vQwy. e@hw~ @l`kO p@rvQ qRp@w~ vt` gl~prvlt amwrv bthQr p#w~@w~ kqQmt s#ksRNR @k`rl~ shQw @vrL wWrykQ.

p@rvQ qRpw~ v#qgw~ @@jv vQq&`w~mk pY@q~XykQ. ehQ mRhRqE sm|pw @mn~m @g`dbQm @@jv vQvQ{w~vy q (X`k h` swOn~) v#qgw~ w#nk~ gnW. e@mn~m kOr#l~ln~ rFsk@g~ v`sxSmQykQ. mRhRqE LQhQnQn~, ukOs~sn~ h` r`j`lQn~ q @myQn~ v`r\w` @v|. vQ@X~;@yn~m p@rvQyn~@g~ (Common Pigeon) v#qgw~ nv`w#n~@p`lk~ sh k#qlQ bQmk~ vX@yn~ p@rvQ qRpw kYQy` kryQ. ehQ pvwQn gl~kOhr wOL p@rvQyn~ vQX`l vX@yn~ bQw~wr qmnR l#@b|. @mm qRpw~vlt p@rvQ qRpwy#yQ kQyn~@n~ q @mnQs`y.

pQhQtWm

n#@gnhQr pL`wt ayw~ wYQkON`mly qQs~wYQk~k@y~ kOc|cv#lQ pY`@q~XWy @l~km| @k`tQT`X@y~ pYkt nQl`v#lQ @vrL wWr@y~ sQt kQ@l`~mWtr\ 2.5 :3 w~ awr qErkQn~ qEpw~ pQhQtyQ. wYQkON`ml@y~ sQt nQl`v#lQ qk~v` qEr kQ@l`~mWtr\ 12 kQ. n#@gnhQr mRhRqE kl`pyt ayw~y. @l`kO p@rvQ qRpw vd`w~ n#@gnhQrQn~ pQhQt` a#wQ awr @p`dQ p@rvQ qRpw It bthQrQn~ e@hw~ wrmk~ vyB qQX`vt brv pQhQtyQ. qQgQn~ v#dQ @l`kO p@rvQ qRpw hQr# uq`vt lm|xkv pQhQt` a#w. @l`kO p@rvQ qRpwt nQrQwqQgQn~q, gQnQ@k`n qQgQn~ sh n#@gnhQr @qsQn~ gl~pr kQhQpyk~m pQhQt` a#w.

p@rvQ qRpw h#[Qn~vWm s[h` p#h#qQlQ sWm` m`yQm| n#w. qRpw~ vt` sQt avm wrmQn~ kQ@l`~mWtryk v^w~w`k`r sWm`vk~vw~ uq&`nyt ayw~ @v|.

uq&`n x`rk`r k`r\y`lyk~ nQl`v#lQ @vrL wWr@y~ n#w. ey p`lny vn~@n~ mhv#lQ vnjWvW shk`r a{&k;vry` yt@w~ a#wQ wYQkON`mly vnjWvW advQ a`rk;k k`r\y`ly mgQnQ.

uq&`ny @vw pQvQsWm

@k`LB sQt ehQ LM`vn~@n~ nm|,

1. @k`LB : kOr#N$gl : qBRl~l : hbrN : kn~w@l~ : wYQkON`mly : nQl`v#lQ : p@rvQ qRpw (nQl`v#lQ @vrL wWr@y~ sQt qRpw~ qk~v` @b`~tQtR @s~v`vk~ a#w.)

2. @k`LB : pRw~wlm| p`r os~@s~ pRw~wlmt p#mQN wb|@b`~v : kr#vlgs~v#v : @n`c|cQy`gm : anRr`{pRry : mQhQn~w@l~ : @h`@r`v|@p`w`n : @m`rv#v : wYQkON`mly iw` @h`[ sAc`rk m`r\gykQ.

3. mhnRvr sQt qBRl~l : hbrN os~@s~ q,

4. @p`@L`n~nr#v sQt hbrNt p#mQN q wQYkON`mlyt LM` vQy h#kQy.

phsRkm|

p@rvQ qRpw j`wQk uq&`ny wOL sAc`rk nv`w#n~ phsRkm| n#w. @m| s[h` nQl`v#lQ pY@q~X@yn~ @h`~ wYQkON`ml@yn~ nv`w#n~ spy` gw h#kQy. k[vRr# bQm| (Camp Sites) q uq&`ny wOL n#w.

uq&`n pY@v|X m`r\g

nQl`v#lQ mRhRqE wWr@y~ sQt qRpw~ qk~v` a#wQ kQ@l`~mWtr\ 2.5 : 3 awr qEr gmn~ kQrWm s[h` anQv`r\y@yn~m @b`~tQtR @s~v`vk sh`y lb`gw yRwO @v|. hQk~kdRv j`wQk uq&`ny wOL @mn~m @mhQq sAc`rk @b`~tQtR @s~v`vk~ kYQy`w~mk @v|.

@p`dQ p@rvQ qRpw vt` a#wQ gl~pr @h~wO@vn~ ehQ @b`~tQtR a#wOU kL @n`h#kQy. e@hw~ @l`kO p@rvQ qRpwt a#wOU vW@m| h#kQy`v a#w. qRpw wOL p`gmnQn~ a#vQq y$@m| aphsRvk~ @h`~ b`{`vk~ n#w.

uq&`n@y~ @x_wQk lk;N

qRpw~ @qkkQn~ sh gl~pr kQhQpykQn~ uq&`ny @x_mQkv smn~vQw vn awr mRhRq yt agn` @k`rl~ prykQ.

kOd` p@rvQ qRpw wrmk~ vQX`l gl~kOUvlQn~ vt vW a#wQ nmRw~ ehQ ax&n~wr@y~ hrQwvw~ @h`[ X`k @g`mRvkQn~ v#sW wQ@b|. @l`kO p@rvQ qRp@w~ @mn~m @mhQq adQ 25:30 ust v#dRNR X`k vQynkQ.

@l`kO p@rvQ qRpw @mm uq&`n@y~ v#qgw~m s~}`nyyQ. @mhQ qkONR, n#@gnhQr h` uwOr# pY@q~X gl~kOUvlQn~ smn~vQw vRvq, bthQr m`yQ@m| iw` @h`[ p#h#qQlQ @vrLk~ pQhQt` wQ@b|. v#lQ @vnRvt ey nQr\m`Ny vW a#w~@w~ k#dW gQy @k`rl~vlQnQ. iw` alAk`r @mhQ @nk vQsQwOr# @k`rl~ vQ@X~; @mn~m mRhRqE jWvWn~@g~ s#kQlQ qk~nt l#@b|.

s`@p~k;v kOd` qQvyQnk~ vRvw~ @mhQ @x_wQk vQvQ{w~vyk~ qk~nt l#@b|. qRp@w~ uwOr# @kLvr mRhRqE mtQt@m| sQt adQ 60:100 k pmN kOd` k[E g#tykQ. @mhQ mRRhRqE im b$vRm a{Qky. gl~prvl phL mtQtQ nm#wQ jWvWn~@g~ jn`v`s pQhQt` a#wQ awr mRhRqE jly ax&n~wr@y~ wrmk~ gN @k`rl~ nQ{QykQ. @mm mRhRqE i@m|m gl~pr h` gl~ kOhr h` @bn wOL p@rvQyn~@g~ k#qlQbQm| vQX`l pYm`Nyk~ a#w.

k[Eg#t@y~ @g`dbQm pY@q~X@y~ gN vn vqElkQ. adQ 30:40 qk~v` v#dRNR us~ X`k ehQ a#wQ awr p[Er# h` v#l~vr\gvlQn~ em pY@q~Xy sm|pRr\N@yn~m v#sW pvwW.

qRp@w~ m{& @k`ts w#nQwl` bQmkQ. mWtr\ 75:100 k~ pmN ptR bQm| wWrykQ. @mhQ bthQr @p@qs v#lQ mQXY pskQn~ smn~vQw @v|. n#@gnhQr @p@q@s~ m{& @k`ts rU v#lQ mQXY @k`rl~ k#blQvlQn~ yRk~wy.

qRp@w~ qkONR @kLvr sm|pRr\N@yn~m nQr\mQw vW a#w~@w~ rw~ : @r`~s p#h#wQ p`;`NvlQnQ.

awWw @w`rwOr# h` @ewQh`sQk v#qgw~km

@m| pQLQb[v kQsQqE v#qgw~ @w`rwOrk~ p@rvQ qRp@wn~ v`r\w` @n`@v|. e@hw~ wYQkON`ml pY@q~Xy h` nQl`v#lQ mRhRqE wWr@yn~ ihLt vQhQ@qn pY@q~Xvl @ewQh`sQk s`{k rFsk~ a#w. awWw@y~qW @g`~kN~N vr`y sh @g`~kN~N vQh`ry pYkt s~}`n @qkkQ. @mm vQh`ry wYQkON`mly p#rNQ ln~@q~sQ @k`tRv wOL pQhQt` a#wQ awr ehQ ek~ p@sk sRn~qr gl~wl`vk~ mw @k`~@n~;~vrm| hQn~qE @q@v`l pQhQt` a#w.

nQl`v#lQvlt uwOrQn~ s#w#pRm| 10 k~ pmN gQy psR p#rNQ gl~vr`y nm| wvw~ {Wvr vr`yk~ hmR@v|. ey vw~mn~ kl~lr`vyQ. Itw~ uwOrQn~ wYQkON`mly : pRl~mR@d| p`@r\ wQrQy`y sh h`l~kn~q rjmh` vQh`ry pQhQt` wQbR s~}`n hmRR@v|. h`l~kn~q rjmh` vQh`ry (arQsQ m@l~) ynR wps~sR : xl~lEk nm| @v@Ln~qn~ lAk`vw~ in~qQy`vw~ awr @v@L[`@m| gQy n#v| @w`t y#yQ s#l@k~. bRqEn~ vhn~@s~ sw~swQy gw kL avsn~ avs~}`@v| un~vhn~@s~t @mm @v@Ln~qn~ vQsQn~ vQL[ sh mWp#NQ pRj` kL bv iwQh`s@y~ s[hn~ @v|. It k^wgON vX@yn~ bRqEn~ vhn~@s~ hQs pQrQm#q @k~X{`wSn~ mQtk~ ovRn~t lb`qEn~ bv q lAk`vt p#mQNQ @mm @v@Ln~qn~ h`l~kn~qw~ nQl`v#lQyw~ awr wQrQy`y pY@q~X@y~ @v@hrk~ wnv` ey w#n~pw~ kL bvw~ pvwQn vQX~v`syyQ. gQrQhVRs$y nmQn~ h#[Qn~@vn @mm @v@hr wQrQy`@y~ pQhQt` wQ@b|.

@@jv vQvQ{w~vy

X`k @g`mRv

mRhR@q~ pvwQn X`k pQLQb[v hrQh#tQ a{&ynyk~ sQqEv @n`m#w. @x_mQk vX@yn~ @mhQ prQsr pq~{wQ a`k`r kQhQpykQ. @vrLbd prQsr pq~{wQ, vQyLQ kl`pWy vn`n~wr (vQyLQ mQXY sq`hrQw) gl~pr a`XYQw vn`n~wr em prQsr pq~{wQ @v|.

@vrLbd pYj`@v| mRhRqE bQm| wBRr#, mlQw~wA, vr`, p@w`k~ smM vQylQ mQXY sq`hrQw vn`n~wrvl qk~nt l#@bn gAsRrQy, sQyBl`, plE, r#k~aw~wn v#nQ iw` @h`[ X`k @g`mRvkQn~ v#sRNR vQyLQ mQXY sq`hrQw vn`n~wr pq~{wQykQ. @mhQ bhRl @ls v#l~ vr\g q qk~nt l#@b|.

@mm vn`n~wr a`k`ry qRp@w~ uwOr# m`yQ@m| pQhQtQ k[Eg#ty pRr`q p#wQr v#dW a#w. kUgl~ p`;`N shQw @mm pY@q~X@y~ qRpw m{&@y~ pQhQtQ w#nQwl` bQm pY@q~Xy vn~nt gl~pr awr @k`~m`rQk`, hWrFs~s, nvhn~qQ X`k @h`[Qn~ v#dW a#w. pQtvk~k`, @g`Ak#kQrQ v#nQ p#L$tQ sh v#l~ vr\g q @mhQ qk~nt l#@b|. qRpw bthQr pY@q~X@y~ w#nQwl` ytQ@r`~pN@y~ q, n#@gnhQr pY@q~X@y~ gl~pr awr q nQy[ X`Ky sRlxv p#wQr v#@d|. bthQr m`yQ@m| X`k @g`n~n a$wt qQs~vn~@n~ k@d`l`n v#tQyk~ @mnQ. e@hw~ @mhQ k@d`l`n X`k iw` qElxy.

sw~v sm|pw

@x_mQk X`k h#r#NR vQt @mhQ @@jv vQvQ{w~v@y~ a@nk~ s`{ky sw~v sm|pwyQ. k^mWn~, smnLyQn~ @mhQ wrmk~ sRlxv hmR@v|. ml~ pQ@pn X`k awr kOr#mQNQyn~ q smnUn~ vQ@X~; kQhQpyk~ q qk~nt l#@b|. urgOn~ awrQn~ gr` ktRs~s` q pL` ktRs~s` q qRp@wn~ v`r\w` @v|. e~ h#@rn~nt @vrL`XYQwv mtQtQ @bl~ln~ bhRlv q, mRhRqE kkOUvn~ q, w`ps kkOUvn~ q qElx @n`@v|. kOhRBRn~ vQ@X~; kQhQpyk~ q @mhQ qk~nt l#@b|.

qRp@wn~ v`r\w` vn mWLM v#qgw~m sw~w~v @k`tQT`Xy kOr#l~ln~y.

p@rvQ qRpw pYktv a#w~@w~ p@rvQyn~ s[h`y. n`grQkv hmRvn p@rvQyn~@g~ @k`LnQyk~ @mhQ pQhQt` a#w. p@rvQ qRpw~ @q@khQm pvwQn gl~pr ovRn~t iw` @h`[ nv`w#n~pL vW a#w. gl~kOU awr h` gl~kOhr @m`vRn~ k#qlQ w#nWm s[h` x`vQw kryQ. @l`kO p@rvQ qRp@w~ uwOr# pY@q~X@y~ sh qkONR @kLv@r\ pQhQtQ gl~prvl bhRlv p@rvQ jn`v`s pQhQt` a#w. uwOr# pY@q~X@y~ pQhQt` a#wQ k[E shQw pY@q~X@y~ vn`n~wry wOLq p@rvQyn~ v`r\w` @v|.

@m| h#@rn~nt m`AX xk;k pk;Wn~ kQhQp@qnkO q qRpw~vlQn~ v`r\w` @v|. bmRNR pQy` ukOs~s` e~ awr pYkty. kOsa#lQ mRhRqE r`j`lQy` sh mRhRqE lQhQNQyn~ vQ@X~; kQhQpyk~m q#kgw h#kQ vRvw~ pYm`N`w~mkv adRy. p@rvQyn~ h#r#NR @k`t mWLMt sRlxvm qk~nt a#wQ kOr#l~ln~ vQ@X~;y klE kpRtn~y. 15 : 20 k pmN kpRtR ghnyk~ qRp@wn~ v`r\w` @v|. @m| h#@rn~nt anQkOw~ @q~XWy @h`~ pr\ytnQw kOr#l~ln~ qRpw~vlQn~ q#k g#nWm asWr#y.

@k`rl~

p@rvQ qRpw~vl a#wQ anQkOw~ pY{`nwm @@jv vQq&`w~mk v#qgw~km a#w~@w~ @k`rl~ pr vly. @l`kO p@rvQ qRp@w~ bthQr pY@q~X@y~ iw` @h`[ @k`rl~pryk~ pQhQt` a#wQ awr @mhQ anQkOw~ mRhRqE jWvQn~q nQrWk;Ny kL h#kQy. j`wQk jlj sm|pw~ nQ@y`~jQw`ywny (NARA) v`r\w` @k`t a#wQ prQqQ g#tQ pryk~ @ls a#wQ @mhQ @k`rl~ sm|pw mWtr\ 200 k qQgkQn~ h` mQtr\ 100 k pmN pLlkQn~ smn~vQw @v|. mWtr\ hyk sQt mWtryk~ pmN vn g#BRrk p#wQr a#wQ awr, s`m`n& g#BRr mWtr\ 3.4 kQ. @k`rl~pryt amwrv avt pY@q~Xy kUgl~pr, hQrQgl~ pr h` v#lQ shQw pY@q~XvlQn~ smn~vQwy.

@k`rl~ pr@y~ a`k`r kQhQpyk @k`rl~ vQ@X~; qk~nt l#@b|. NARA a`ywny kQyn prQqQ @mhQ mRvaA h#d#wQ @k`rl~ (Acropora) w#tQ/@m|s h#d#wQ @k`rl~ (Tubalate spp.) @g`~lk`r h#d#wQ @k`rl~ (massive spp.) ml~@pwQ h#d#wQ @k`rl~ (Foliose spp.) pQhQt` wQ@b|.

uq&`n @k`rl~pr a`XYQwv vQ@X~; 250 k~ pmN pr a`XYQw msRn~ sAK&`vk~ v`r\w` vW a#w. pn`v` (Butterfly Fish) gQrv| (Parrot Fish) o|r`v` (Rabbit Fish) a#tQs~s` (Snappers) u_r#@h`t` (Emporus) nm|b` (Angle Fish) yn mw~s&yQn~ @mhQ bhRlv hmR@v|.

@jlQfQ;~ (@l`dQyn~), ps#MQl~ln~, hAgOr ps#MQl~ln~, mRhRqE k#kQrQ h` mRhRqE kSd#l~ln~ @mhQ h[En`gw h#kQy. @x_mQk w`ps kkOUvn~ h` @vnw~ kkOU vQ@X~;q kQhQpykQ.

@k`L k#s~b$v` @mhQqW i[hQt v`r\w` vRvq s`m`n&@yn~ @mhQqW k#s~b$vn~ q#k g#nWm ughty. qRp@w~ k#s~b$ k#qlQ q v`r\w` @n`@v|.

uq&`n sWm`@vn~ @d`l~pQn~ msRn~ v`r\w` vW n#wQ nmRw~ @mhQ sQt wvw~ n#@gnhQr mRhR@q~qW @d`l~pQn~ v`r\w` @v|.

uq&`n@y~ vw~mn~ ww~w~vy h` g#tlE

sAc`rk kr\m`n~wy h` avQ{Qmw~ {Wvr kr\m`n~wy uq&`n@y~ p#v#w~mt q#dQ @s~ blp`yQ. vQ@X~;@yn~ @mm a`k`r @q@kn~m @mhQ pvwQn sRvQ@X~;wm vtQn`km vn @k`rl~ sm|pwt h`nQ @gn @q~. @b`~tQtR @k`rl~pry mwQn~ gmn~ kQrW@mn~ e~v` vQn`X vn awr, gl~ml~ kd`@gn y$m, vQkQNWm h` a#hQ[Wm @k`rl~ sm|p@w~ vQn`Xyt h` ehQ alAk`ryt blp`yQ.

e@hw~ bhRl @ls @k`rl~ sm|pw~ vQn`Xy @k@rhQ blp` a#w~@w~ akYmvw~ {Wvr kr\m`n~wyyQ. msRn~ m#rWm s[h` @mhQ {Wvryn~ nWwQ vQ@r`~{Wv dyQnmyQtQ v#nQ pRpRrN qYv& x`vQw krn awr eyQn~ @k`rl~ pRpRr` vQn`X vn awr, gl~pr a`XYQw mw~s&yQn~ h` anQkOw~ mRhRqE jWvWn~q vQn`Xyt pw~ @v|.

@k`rl~ mw (krml~ q#l~ v#nQ) q#l~ elWm mgQn~ q e~v` vQn`Xyt pw~vn awr, @b`~tQtR n#AgOrm| eLWWm, n`grQk ksl ekwO vWm, sAc`rk Gnw~vy v#dQvWmq qRpwt a#wQ blp$m| bv n`r` a`ywny h[En`@gn a#w.

{Wvr pnw anRv krml~ q#l~ eLWm whnm| vRvw~ nWwQ vQ@r`~{W @ls lAk`v pRr`m @mn~m wYQkON`ml@y~q @m|v` eLWm sQqE @k@r\. e~ vQsQwOr# mw~s&yQn~, @p`kQrQs~sn~ a#l~lWm s[h`y. @m|v`yQn~ sQqEvn h`nQy v#dQy. mRhRqE k#kQrQ ekwO kQrWmq wYQkON`ml pY@q~X@y~ bhRlv sQqE@v|.

e~ h#@rn~nt qRpw~ wOL qm` yn @p`lQwQn~, @b`~wl~, vWqEr# v#nQ apqYv& @mm uq&`nyt wr\jnykQ. vnjWvW sArk;N @qp`r\w@m|n~wOv mgQn~ qRpw~ wOL @h`~ nQl`v#lQ @vr@L~qW q#nRvw~ kQrWm|, p`lny kQrWm| @h`~ nWw&`nRkSl kQYy` m`r\g g#nWmt p`ln e~kkyk~ @n`m#wQkm qEr\vlw`vkQ. n`vQk hmRq`v mgQn~ q#nt q#dQ p`lnyk~ pvw~v`@gn yyQ

vQ@X~; s~wOwQy : vnjWvW sArk;N @qp`r\w@m|n~wOvt, rk;Qw pY@q~X kLmn`krN sh vnjWvW sArk;N v&`p^wQyt,  XYW lAk` n`vQk hmRq`vt, j`wQk jlj sm|pw~ nQ@y`~jQw`ywnyt (NARA) sh em a`ywn@y~ a`r\jn~ r`jsRrQy mhw`t).