@m| an~wQm avs~}`vyQ

kr#N`nQ{Q sh @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ ap rtt e@rhQv aq @gn yn kYQy`m`r\gy ap@g~ p#v#w~mt vQX`l wr\jnyk~ vW a#wQ bv kQv mn` @n`@v|. e@hw~ e~ qEr\q`n~w kQYy`m`r\g wOL kQsQym| s#MvRNR a`XQr\v`qyk~ q a#wQ bv ap@g~ v#thWmyQ.

psRgQy qXk wOnk~ pmN k`ly wOL e~ @qmL j`wQv`qWn~, ovRn~@g~ shcryn~, vQj`wQk bl@v|g, e~ bl@v|g vQsQn~ @m@hyvnR lbn a#n~. jW. o|. ndy @mn~m ap@g~ p`lkyn~ q pYx`krn~@g~ wYs~wv`qy apt a[En~v` @qn lq~@q~ @m| r@tQ a#w#yQ kQyn jnv`r\gQk pYX~nyk~ mRl~@k`t phL vR ekk~ @lsyQ. ap vQsQn~ @qmL jnw`v@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm| @n`qW ovRn~ p`g`@gn sQtWm nQs` phL vR ekk~ @lsyQ. sQAhlyn~ vQsQn~ krn lq as`{`rNkm| nQs` @m| wYs~wv`qy bQhQ vW a#wQ bv cnqYQk` kOm`rwOAg sh rnQl~ vQkYmsQAh vQsQn~ nQrwOr#v pvs` sQtQ s#tQ apQ qEtQmQ. @m| r@tQ sQtQ jnn`ykyn~ awrQn~ dW. bW. vQ@:wOAg jn`{QpwQwOm`t pmNQ, ey jnv`r\gQk pYX~nyk~ @n`v rt @qkd kQrWm mRl~kr gw~ mQnWmr# wYs~wv`qyk~ @ls h#[Qn~vWmt Xk~wQyk~ wQbR@N~. pYx`krn~ smg s`kc|C` krn~@n~ k#vRm| kn~nq#yQ ewOm` a#sR s#tQ apQ qEtQmR.

vQ@:wOAg jn`{QpwQwOm`t e~ sw&y @n`bQyv kWmt h#kQ vR@y~ ewOm` bl@yn~ a`wOr @n`vR wmn~@g~ p#v#w~mt vd` r@tQ p#v#w~m agy kL pRq~glykO nQs`yQ. anQkOw~ n`ykyn~ pYx`krn~@g~ wYs~wv`qyt @q~Xp`ln vQs[Em| @svR@y~ sQy p#v#w~m u@qs`yQ.

kr#N`nQ{Q pY{`n @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ vQsQn~ anQy@mn~ @gn en lq a`XQr\v`qy nm| pYx`krn~@g~ wYs~wv`qy, ehQ pqnm ey kOmk~ mRl~kr@gn bQhQ vR@y~q yn~n @m@v|@lhQ iw` p#h#qQlQ @ls @l`~ky hmR@vhQ w#bWmyQ. kr#N`nQ{Q pY{`n @qmL j`wQv`qWn~t @m@v|@lhQ vRvmn` vW a#w~@w~ jnv`r\gQk pYX~ny vQs[Wm @h`~ asrN @qmL mQnQsRn~ mRhRN qW a#wQ @€qv`ck@yn~ ovRn~ mRqv` g#nWm @h`~ @n`@v|. yRq~{y nvw~v` pYx`krn~ @b|r` g#nWmyQ. @my kr#N`nQ{Q@g~ kYQy`kl`pyw~ a`nn~qsAgrQ@g~ kQYy`kl`pyw~ sAsn~qny kQrW@mn~ @m`nvt vth` gw h#k. uwO@r\ @qmL mQnQsRn~ @vnR@vn~ uNRvn hqk~ a#wQ a`nn~qsAgrW kQy` sQtQn~@n~ pYx`krn~@g~ wYs~wv`qy mRlQnRpRt` qm` asrN @qmL mQnQsRn~ rFk@gn jnv`r\gQk pYX~nyt vQs[Emk~ lb` qQy yRwO bvyQ. kr#N`nQ{Qt vRvmn` vW a#w~@w~ @qmL ILmk~ h#qWm ekm axQl`;y krgw~ pYx`krn~ @k@s~ @h`~ glv` g#nWmyQ. pYx`krn~ vQn`X kQrWm ynR wmn~ a#wOU sQylE @qmL j`wQv`qWn~@g~ ekm axQl`;y vn mh` IL@m| pLmR aw~wQv`rm awO g` q#mWm bv kr#N`nQ{Q qnW. vyQ@k`~ v#nQ @qmL j`wQv`qWn~t anRv @m@v|@lhQ in~qWy m{&m rjy kL yRw~@w~ @m| avs~}`v pY@y`~jnyt @gn bAglQ@q~Xy h#qEv`k~ @mn~ hmRq`vk~ ev` @m| r@tQ uwOr:n#@gnhQr t#mQl~n`dR@v| @k`tsk~ bvt pw~ kQrWmyQ _

kr#N`nQ{Q a#wOU @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ vQsQn~ sQy nQym axQl`;yn~ vsn~ kr w#bWm pQNQs @mhQl` kdwOr`vk~ @y`q`@gn a#w. enm| wYs~w vQ@r`~{W @m@hyRm nQs` uwO@r\ mh` jn sAh`ryk~ sQqEvn bvw~ lk; phk @qmL jnw`vk~ mh` pWdnykt @g`qEr# vW a#wQ bvw~ @l`vt hV g` kWmyQ. e~ kdwOr`v as~@sn~ ovRn~@g~ nQym axQl`; eLQyt e~m aq vn vQt v#L#k~vQy h#kQ @n`@v|. uwO@r\ sQtQn jnw`v aq mh` pWdnykt @g`qEr# vW a#w~@w~ hmRq` @m@hyRm| nQs` @n`v pYx`krn~ vQsQn~ ovRn~ hQrkr @gn, pLQhk~ @ls @y`q`@gn a#wQ bv @qmL j`wQv`qWn~@g~ bthQr in~n` mQwOrn~t @mn~m in~qQy`nR m{&m rjytq @pnW @g`s~ a#w. mn@m`~hnsQAht aq kQv h#k~@k~ yRq~{my kQYy`m`r\gy @m| pYX~nyt vQs[Emk~ @n`vn bv pmNQ._

kr#N`nQ{Q @m@hyvnR lbn~@n~ uwO@r\ in~n @qmL jnw`v vQ[Qn qEk~ pWd` nm| ohR vQsQn~ kL yRw~@w~ ekm @qyk~ pmNQ. enm| uwO@r\ in~n @qmL jnw`vt wmn~t rQsQ w#nkt y$mt id a#rWm s[h` pYx`krn~t bl kQrWmyQ.

@m| rjy @gnyn wYs~w vQ@r`~{W @m@hyRm m`nR;Qk : m`nv hQwv`qW @m@hyRmk~ bv aq @qmL j`wQv`qWn~@g~ hQwvwOn~ vn bthQr bl@v|gvlt q pQLQg#nWmt sQqE vW wQ@b|. n#@gnhQr @gn yn lq @m@hyR@mn~ ey ir h[ @s~ p#h#qQlQ vQy. ehQqW mQygQy sQvQl~ v#sQyn~ gNn aw@l`s~sk~ pmNQ. avw#n~ vR lk;yk~ pmN jnk`y m`s @qk wOnk~ wOL qW pRnr#w~}`pny kL h#kQ vQy. wYs~wv`qWn~t kn~nt @b`n~nt qW @@vq& pYwQk`r lb` @qmQn~ krnR lbn @mvn~ wYs~w vQ@r`~{W @m@hyRmk~ @l`v an~ kQsQ w#nk sQqE vW @n`m#w. wm` wYs~wv`qQykO vW sQtQ sm@y~ wm` jWvw~ vR@y~ rjy qEn~ a`h`rp`n mgQn~ bv kr#N` am|m`n~ vQsQn~ pYk`X kr wQ@b|._ aq bthQr j`wWn~t @mn~m in~qQy`vtq, 1987 qW @mn~ sQylE sq`c`r`w~mk pQLQ@vw~ ivwt qm` @m| rtt kd`v#qW pYx`krn~ @b|r` g#nWmt @n`h#kQ vWmt ek~ @h~wOvk~ vW a#w~@w~ mhQn~q r`jpk; rjy mRl sQtm anRgmny kL @m| sq`c`r`w~mk pYwQpw~wQy bv @p@n~. mhQn~q r`jpk; jn`{QpwQvry` wYs~wv`qy mRlQnRpRt` q#mWmt iqQrQpw~ vW a#w~@w~, @:. a`r\. jyvr\{n @mn~ @n`v avX& @gqr v#d kQrW@mn~ psRv y yn m@n`~: a@b|qWr@g~ nQrWk;Ny wOL vQX`l a#w~wk~ wQ@b|.

in~qQy`nR rjyt kr#N`nQ{Q pY{`n @qmL j`wQv`qWn~@g~ prm`r\}y kOmk~ q yn~n @n`v#thW a#w#yQ sQwWm mRL`vkQ. in~qQy`nR m{&m rjy e~ prm`r\}y vn @vnm @qmL IL`myk~ h#qWm g#n apt vd` @h`[Qn~ qnW. e~ axQl`;y nQqhs lb` g#nWmt @pr sQtm @m| @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ wOL wQbRNR bv in~qQy`vt rhsk~ @n`@v|. @m| @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ in~qQy`@vn~ @vn~ vWmt n#w~ k@L~ pkQs~w`ny @vn~vWmt it` g#nWmt pLmRvyQ. evQt ekl rt p`lny kL iAgQrQsQk`ryn~@g~ anRgYhy q @m| @qmL j`wQv`qWn~t l#bQN._ jvhl~l`l~ @n~r# rt p`lny kL sm@y~ yLQ @m| axQl`;y hQs es vR vQt ey m#V pvw~vn lq~@q~ t#mQl~n`dR@v| p`lny sQy awt @gn wr\jn gr\jn mgQnRyQ. e@hw~ @qmL j`wQv`qWn~@g~ @m| axQl`;y en~n en~nm vr\{ny vRvk~ mQs ytpw~ vRvk~ @n`vWy. t#mQl~ n`dR@v| @q~Xp`lny psRgQy adsQy vs wOL xYmNy vR@y~ @m| @qmL j`wQv`qy vt` bv e~ @q~Xp`ln pk;vl nm| slk` b#lW@mn~ vRv @p@n~. @m| @qmL j`wQv`qWn~@g~ mn@q`L pQrvW@m| avs~}`vk~ in~{Qr` g`n~{Qt a#@g~ p`ln sm@y~ qW l#bQN. @:. a`r\. jyvr\{n@g~ in~qQy`nR vQ@r`~{y qdmWm` kr @gn lAk`@v| uwOr : n#@gnhQr wOL ILmyk~ wn` g#nWmt avs~}`v sls` qEn~@n`w~ @qmL j`wQv`qWn~@g~ mn@q`L pQ@rnR a#w#yQ ewOmQy kl~pn` kL`y. 1987 qW r`jQv| g`n~{Q @mrt a`kYmNy kr pYx`krn~t uwOr : n#@gnhQr @bq` qEn@n~ e~ mn@q`L pQrvWm s[h`yQ. e@hw~ r`jQv| g`n~{Q G`wny kQrW@mn~ psR e~ mn@q`L e@s~ sAsQ[Ev` lnR @n`h#kQ bv q#n~ in~qQy`vt v#thW @g`s~ wQ@b|. yLQ pYx`krn~t @m| rt wOL IL`myk~ s`qn~nt id qEn@h`w~ lb|bt w#bR aw pRhRlt q wbn bv q#n~ in~qQy`vt m#nvQn~ v#thW @g`s~ a#w. @m| rt wOL ILmy hq` gn~nt qEn @h`w~ ps~vsrk~ yn~nt @pr @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ mh` ILmy sq` @gn in~qQy`@vn~ @vn~vn bv m{&m rjy aq vn vQt m#nvQn~ av@b`~{ kr@gn a#w. in~qQy`nR rjy eq 1987 qW kL @qy kQrWmt w#w~ @n`krn~@n~ @m| nQs`yQ. e@s~ n#wQv ap @krhQ a#wQ a`qryk~, a#l~mk~ nQs` @n`@v|.

kr#N`nQ{Q pY{`n @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ pYx`krn~ @b|r` @gn @m| rt wOL IL`myk~ h#qWmt w#w~ krn~@n~ wmn~ pwn mh` IL`my h#qW@m| e~k`yn m`r\gy e~ bv qn~n` nQs`yQ. h#t lk;yk~ vn @qmL j`wQkyn~t @vnm r`j&yk~ lb` qWm sQy armRN bv pYx`krn~ vQsQn~ yLQ pvsn lq~@q~ I@y~ @p@r\q`yQ. @qmL j`wQkyn~ vsn m#@l~sQy`v wOL @h`~ sQAgp~pRr#v wOL @h`~ k#nd`v os~@tQYlQy`v wOL @h`~ wmn~ pwn IL`my @g`d ng` gw @n`h#kQ bv ovRhR qnQwQ. e~ s[h` aw~wQv`rm qm`gw h#kQ @l@hsQm w#n ap@g~ rt bv ovRhR qnQwQ. uwOr n#@gnhQr wOL IL`my wn` gw@h`w~ ehQ sQt qkONR in~qQy`vt wYs~wv`qy v&`p~w kQrWm @l@hsQm mg @vyQ. @cl~vn`ygm| v#nQ @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ vQsQn~ klk~ @v|@l~ sQt e~ s[h` avXy psRbQm @m| rt wOL @g`d ng` a#wQ bvq @m| @qmL j`wQv`qWhR qnQwQ. @cl~vn`ygm|, @pdrl~ yn @b`r# nmkQn~ a[En~vn lq @qmL r`j& pk;y bQhQ k@L~ ap nQqhs lb`gw~ vkv`nR@v|qWyQ: 56 @y~ sQAhl x`;`v r`j& x`;`v kQrWmt vsr gNn`vkt @pryQ _ @s`~l~brQ @k`mQ;m @vw @g`s~ lAk`vt nQqhs @qn~@n~ nm| wmn~t q @vnm r`j&yk~ @qn @ls il~l` sQtQ@y~ e~ nQs`yQ. psRgQy ad sQy vs wOL qkONR in~qQy`@v| @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ @mrt @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ h` aw~v#l~ b#[@gn ekm n&`y pwYykt anRv ktyRwO kL s#tQ q#n~vw~ apt @pnW y` yRwOy.

mWt aq`L kqQm pRvwk~, a#mrQk`@v| @l`s~ a#n~jlWs~ vl vsn s~tWvn~ @l`~A nm#w~@wkO vQsQn~ psRgQyq` ayQln~d| pRvw~pw mgQn~ @hLQkr wQ@bnR qEtR@vmQ. s~tWvn~ @l`~A qk~v` a#wQ prQqQ asRgNn~vl mRl~ x`g@y~qW @l`v nn~@qs vsn @qmL j`wQv`qW {nkO@v|ryn~ pn~sQy @q@nk~ k#lQ@p`~nQy`@v| s#k~rm#n~@t`~ ngryt rFs~vW sm|@m|lnyk~ pvw~v` wQ@b|. e~ sm|@m|ln@y~ prm`r\}y vW a#w~@w~ @l`v nn~@qs vsn @qmL j`wQkyn~t wmn~ty kQy` rtk~ wn` g#nWmyQ. ehQ qW e~ s[h` sRqEsRm s~}`ny vX@yn~ @m`vRn~ @w`~r` @gn a#w~@w~ lAk`vyQ. @m| pRvw kQyvR @b`@h`~ @q@nkO mh` sw&yk~ hqQsQ@y~ q#k gw~wvRn~ @mn~, hW@nn~ avqQvRvn~ @mn~ @m| g#n kw` krnR mt a#sQN. @m| r@tQ in~n` sQAhlyn~ psRgQy k`ly wOL a#h# kn a#r@gn sQtQy` nm| s~tWvn~ @l`~A kQyn @m| pRvw ovRn~t alEw~ @qyk~ @n`vQy yRwOyQ. @wn~n@k`~n~ vQml`nn~q v#nQ vQq~vwOn~ @m|v` pQLQb[v ap q#nRvw~ k@L~ mWt @b`@h`~ k`lykt @pryQ. ap evQt k@L~ ev#nQ vQq~vwOn~ sQAhl j`wQv`qWn~ @ls hAvdR g#sWmyQ. ap v#nQ mRg~{ pQrQskt aq @mv#nQ irNmkt mRhRN qWmt sQqEvWm s`{`rN @n`@v|q?

aq kr#N`nQ{Q m{&m rjy @vw el~l kr a#wQ blgwO wr\jn LMqW ehQ p#v#w~@vn Cn~qyt u_nny kr ey ewrm| gNn~ @n`gw yRwO @qyk~ @ls @n`slkn @ls a#w#mRn~ vQsQn~ apt kQy` sQtQnR @p@n~. @m| wk~@s~r#v krnR lbn~@n~ a#n~. jW. o|. ndy vQsQn~ bv @p@n~. ovRn~ krn e~ avwk~@s~r#@vn~ ap mRl`vQy yRwO @n`@v|. @my ehQ a#wQ Cn~qy h` g#t g#sW wQ@bn~nt pRUvn. e@hw~ It vd` g#BRr# p`q wlyk~ kr#N`nQ{Q@g~ @m| kQYy`vt mRl~vW a#wQ bv apt @pnW y` yRwOyQ. sQy IL`m| sQhQny s`k;`w~ kr g#nWmt a#wQ an~wQm avs~}`v @m| bv kr#N`nQ{Q mRl~krgw~ @qmL j`wQv`qWn~t @p@n~. ym| @lskQn~ ey @m| avs~}`@v| bQ[ v#tR@n`w~, pYx`krn~ e~ s[h` q#mR adQw`lm vQn`X vRv@h`w~ ey sqhtm v#LlW yn~nt id a#wQ bv kr#N`nQ{Q qnW: e~ s[h` a#wQ an~wQm avs~}`v @m| bv ohR qnW.

@mhQl` wvw~ kr#Nk~q ap@g~ av{`nyt @y`mR vQy yRwO y#yQ sQwmQ. @m| avs~}`@v| @q~Xp`ln vQs[Emk~ iqQrQpw~ kQrWmt, qhwOn~ @vnQ sA@X`~{ny kQYy`w~mk krvWmt rjyt a#w#mRn~ vQsQn~ blkrn bv @p@nn~nt wQ@b|. @m| pQrQs kvRr#n~q yn~n apt rhsk~ @n`v|. mWt klkt @pr @m| wYs~wv`qy yRq~{@yn~ m#VlQy @n`h#kQ y#yQ, @pdrl~ qW@mn~ @w`rv @my vQs[`lQy @n`h#kQ y#yQ, It vQr#q~{ vn ap sQAhl : @b_q~{ @h`~ @;`~vQnQs~tyn~ yyQ hV g` pvsn lq~@q~ aq vn vQt b#tUhm| @p`rv` gw~ @m| pQrQsyQ. @m`vRn~ @m| mgQn~ w#w~ krn~@n~ sQy kSt axQl`; vkY`k`r@yn~ itRkr g#nWmt w#w~ kQrWm bv rhsk~ @n`@v|. pYx`krn~ n#wOv @h`~ sQy axQl`;yn~ itR kr g#nW@m| mMk~ @m@v|@lhQ hq` g#nWm @m`vRn~@g~ armRN vW wQ@b|. @m`vRn~ ngn wr\ky nm| @q~Xp`ln vQs[EmkQn~ @w`rv @qmL jnw`v@g~ hqvw qQn` gw @n`h#kQ bvyQ _ @qmL jnw`v@gn~ sQyyt h#tk~ aq vn vQt ap smg jWvw~ @v| nm| ap ovRn~@g~ hqvw qQn` @gn a#wQ bvt It v#dQ s`k;Qyk~ avX& q? iwOr# sQyyt hwLQ@h~ hqvw qQn` g#nW@m| mg an~ kQsQvk~ @n`v pYx`krn~@g~ gYhN@yn~ ovRn~ mRqv` g#nWmyQ. pYx`krn~ vQn`X kQrWmyQ.

@m| qE;~t vAcnQk j`wQ@qY`~hWn~@g~ bst mhQn~q r`jpk; rjy avnw @n`@vnR a#w#yQ apQ sQwmR. @m| qE;~tyn~ mhQn~q r`jpk; vt` aq @r`k~vW a#w~@w~, ohR vr\Nn` krnR lbn~@n~ kOmn armRNR ud q yn~n ewOm` vth`@gn a#w#yQ apQ sQwmR. aq a#w~@w~ ovRn~ kQyn @q~Xp`ln vQs[Em iqQrQpw~ kQrWm @n`@v|. @qmL asrNyn~ pYx`krn~@g~ wYs~wv`q@yn~ mRqv` yLQ e~ sm`jy bQ@yn~ s#k@yn~ @w`rv jWvw~vn pYj`wn~wYv`qyt n#BRr# vR sm`jyk~ bvt pw~ kQrWmyQ: ovRn~@g~ pL`w~ sAvr\{ny kr ovRn~t ahQmQv a#wQ ayQwQv`sQkm| lb` qWmyQ. e~ sQyl~l itR kQrW@mn~ psRyQ, @q~Xp`ln vQs[Em| g#n slk` b#lQy yRw~@w~. evQt @q~Xp`ln vQs[Em| anvX& vRv@h`w~ ap pRqEm vQy yRwO @n`@v|.

avs`n vX@yn~ ek @qyk~ kWmt k#m#w~@wmQ.

aq kr#N`nQ{Q a#wOU @qmL j`wQv`qWn~ vQyr# v#tW a#w~@w~ sQy IL`m| sQhQny bQ[v#@tmQn~ a#wQ nQs`yQ: e~ s[h` a#wQ an~wQm avs~}`v @m| bv v#thW y`m nQs`yQ.

eprQq~@qn~m sQAhl apt q @m| rt j`wQy @b|r` g#nW@m| an~wQm avs~}`v @m| bv @pnW y` yRwOyQ. @m| avs~}`@v| qW pYx`krn~@g~ wYs~wv`qy mRlQnRpRt` qm` sQylE vQj`wQk bl@v|g pr`q kQrWmt ap asmw~ vRv@h`w~ @my e~ s[h` a#wQ an~wQm avs~}`v bv apt q @pnW y` yRwOyQ. @m| avs~}`v ap awQn~ gQlQhRn@h`w~ ey a@p~ r@tQ j`wQ@y~ avs`ny bv h#m sQAhlykO vQsQn~ m vth` gnR @y@hkQ.