@m| ay v#y k` s[h`q?

mQcQgn~ r`j& vQX~vvQq&`l@y~ g`vQn~ kr#N`rw~n
"qQ ayQln~d|" pRvw~pwt s#pyR lQpQykQ.

XWY lAk`@v| 2009 vsr s[h` iqQrQpw~ @kr#NR ayv#y @l~Kny aAX gNn`vk@g~ vQ@v|cnyt lk~ @vmQn~ pvwW. pY{`n vQr#q~{ pk;y vn ek~sw~ j`wQk pk;y @m| s[h` vQkl~p ayv#yk~ iqQrQpw~ kr wQ@b|. @mm ayv#y a`nyn a`@q~Xkyn~t @vn~vRNR a`k`r@y~ ayv#yk~ bvw~ eyQn~ 1970:1977 k`l prQc|@C~qy wOL qk~nt l#bRNR a`h`r @p`~lQm| qk~nt l#@bnR a#wQ bvw~ vQc`rk@y`~ @pn~v` @qwQ. ovRnt anRv a`nynQk x`N~dyn~t a`@q~Xk@y`~ iqQrQpw~ kQrWmt w#w~ kQrWm vQn`Xk`rW ww~w~vykQ.

s#b$ cQwYy kOmk~ q?

ek~sw~ j`wQk pk;y vQsQn~ h`s&yt wOdR@qn ayRrQn~ iqQrQpw~ krpR vQkl~p ayv#y sw& vX@yn~m avX& @n`@v|. ek~sw~ j`wQk pk;y 2002 vs@r\qW iqQrQpw~ krn lq ayv#y iqQrQpw~ krn lq~@q~ pk;y ihL wlyk p#v#wQ avs~}`vk vWm nQs` y@mkOt em ayv#y sAsn~qny kr b#lQy h#kQy. ey m`@g~ vcnvlQn~m pvsn~@n~ nm|(: "p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv mMQn~ 2002 vs@r\qW sm|mw krnR l#bR XWY lAk` ayv#y an~wr\ j`wQk mRl& armRq@l~ ayv#yk~ @ls nQv#rQqQv h#[Qn~vQy h#kQy. eyt @h~wOv vnR@y~ XWY lAk`vt anRgmny krn @lst mRl& armRql vQsQn~ iqQrQpw~ kL kr#NR mw ayv#y @l~Kn@y~ sQylE @y`~jn` pqnm| vW wQbWmyQ. @mm ayv#@yn~ XWY lAk`v q#dQ qEgW bvkt, ahQQmQvWmkt h` Ny br v#dQ vn ww~w~vykt wvw~ pQyvr gNnkQn~ iqQrQyt wl~lE krnR a#w. (an~wr\j`wQk mRl& armRql XWY lAk`v h` ehQ s`r\}k vQkl~p v#dsthn~ bQ[ q#m|@m| @k@s~q? yn gYn~}@yn~)

e@hw~ 2009 vsr s[h` vn ayv#y 2002 vs@r\ ek~sw~ j`wQk pk; ayv#y h` sAsn~qny kL h#kQy.

2009 vs@r\ ayv#y mgQn~ @q~XWyv nQ;~p`qny kL h#kQ nQ;~p`qnyn~ gNn`vk~ a`nyny s[h` wWr#bq~qk~ pnv` wQ@b|. @mhQ ilk~ky @q~XWy nQ;~p`qny vr\{ny kQrWmyQ. @q~XWy nQ;~p`qny vr\{ny vn~@n~ nm| ap@g~ jnw`vt rFkQy` avs~}` uq`vnR a#w. @m| h` s#s[W@m|qW ek~sw~ j`wQk pk;@y~ 2002 vs@r\ ayv#y @l~Kny mgQn~ evkt wQbR sQyyt 40 k~ vR wWr#bq~q sQyyt 20 k~ qk~v` adR kQrWmt @y`~jn` kr wQbQNQ. e@hw~ ey 2003 vs@r\qW a@h`~sQ krn lqW. wWr#bqE adR kL vQt emMQn~ x`N~d a`nyny kQrWm qQrQ g#n~@vn awr @vnw~ vcnvlQn~ pvs@w`w~ ey ap x`N~d a`nyny krnR lbn rtvl jnw`vt rFkQy` avs~}`vn~ ap vQsQn~m sls` qWmkQ. ap@g~ jnw`v rFkQy` vQrhQw bvkQn~ @p@Ln ww~w~vy yt@w~ 2002 ayv#y qEgW bvt mM p`qyQ. a@nk~ awt ap@g~ a`nynQk x`N~d vQ@q~XWy vQnQmy @s`y` gw yRwOv a#w. @m| anRv 1977 vs@r\ sQt XWY lAk`v vQsQn~ ekwO krn j`wQk Ny pYm`Ny anRv bln vQt em Ny pYm`Ny v#dQ vWm sQqE @v|.

ek~sw~ j`wQk pk;@y~ 2002 ayv#y mgQn~ s~}Qr w#n~pwO @vnR@vn~ @gvnR lbn @p`lW anRp`wQky s[h` sQyyt 10 k~ bq~qk~ pnv` wQbQNQ. @my wm a`q`ym b#AkO@vn~ l#@bn @p`lW mRql mwm r[` pvwQn kOd` s~}Qr w#n~pw~kr#vn~t aw~ vR pYwQl`xykQ. m`@g~ vcnvlQn~ kQv@h`w~ "2002 vs@r\ ek~sw~ j`wQk pk; ayv#y mMQn~ sm`gm| mw pnv` wQbR bq~q adR kQrWmw~ @q~pL hRvm`r# kQrW@m|qW mRq~qr mw bq~q a@h`~sQ kQrWmw~ mgQn~ @p`@h`swOn~t pmNk~ yhpwk~ vQy. (an~wr\j`wQk mRl& armRql XWY lAk`v vQn`X k@L~ @k~@s~q? yn gYn~}@yn~)

2002 ek~sw~ j`wQk pk; ayv#y mgQn~ sm`gm|, bhRj`wQkyn~ h` vQ@q~XWkyn~ pQnvWm sQqE kr a#w. emgQn~ @q~XWy jnw`v @n`sLk` h#r wQ@b|. @my phw s[hn~ @y`~jn`v mgQn~ p#h#qQlQ @v|.

"@n~v`sQk @g`dn#gQlQ iqQ kQrWm|, mh` m`r\g jl s#p# yRm, mh` prQm`N@y~ pYv`hny, vQqElQ sn~nQ@v|qny, v^w~wWmy @s~v`, b#AkO, mRl&`rk;N, @k`ts~

w#rFv|k`r h` blXk~wQy h` vQqElQy nQ;~p`qny h` @bq` h#rWm yn aAXvlt ayw~ bhR j`wQk sm`gm|vlt shn h` pYwQl`x lb` @qnR a#w."

@mhQ pYwQPl m`@g~ vcnvlt anRv nm| (: @mm @y`~jn`vt anRv vQ@q~XWy sm`gm @mrtt p#mQN a`@y`~jny kr ap rtt bqE mRql~ @n`@gvmQn~ r@tQ pvwQn l`x`AX rF@gn y$m sQqE vnR a#w. @ktQ@yn~ pvsn~@n~ nm| jl vQqElQ v&`p^wQyk~ vQ@q~XQk@ykOt pRq~glQkkrNy kr pvr` @qn~@n~ nm| ohR em v&`p^wQy p`lny krmQn~, spynR lbn vQqElQy h` jly s[h` g`s~wO ay krmQn~ ehQ l`x`AX vQ@q~XWy rtvl sQtQn @k`ts~kr#vn~t y#@vnR a#w. an~wr\j`wQk mRl& armRql mgQn~ nQym kr a#wQ prQqQ @my @l`v pRr` sQqE@vmQn~ pvwQn~nkQ. @b`lQvQy`@v| jly s#p#yW@mn~ bhRj`wQk sm`gm| l`x upyn bv v`r\w` vW a#w. @mv#n~nk~ sQqE vRv@h`w~ @k`LB sQtQn p`rQ@x`~gQk@ykO vQsQn~ @gvnR lbn jl bQl~pwk~ mgQn~ vQ@q~XWy rtk sQtQn a@ykOt l`x`AX hQmQ vn bv whvRr# @k@r\. @q~XWy sm`gmkt @mm ilk~ky x`r kQrW@mn~ upyn l`x`AX @mhQm r[v` g#nWmt ap ktyRwO @n`krn~@n~ a#yQ? ap vQ@q~XWy a`@y`~jkyn~t @mrt a`@y`~jny kQrQm s[h` a`r`{n` kL yRw~@w~ apt vQ@X~;Z q#nRm @n`m#wQ aAXvlt pmNQ.

jn`{QpwQ r`jpk;@g~ ayv#@yn~ whvRr# vnR@y~ ap jnw`v@g~

rFkQy` avs~}`vn~ h` l`x`AX mQs vQ@q~XWy bhRj`wQkyn~ @n`@v|. ap@g~ jn`{QpwQvry` pRq~glQkrNyk~ @n`wQbQy yRwO bvt yhpw~ wWrNyk~ @gn a#wQ bv ap jnw`v mwk wb` gw yRwOy.

2002 ek~sw~ j`wQk pk; ayv#y mgQn~ XWY lAk`@v| @q~pL mQl qW gnR lbn vQ@q~XQkyn~ mw pnv` wQbR bq~q sQyyt sQyykQn~ adR krnR l#bWy. @mhQ pYwQPly vR@y~ g`lE pvRr a`XQYw pY@q~Xyt sAkYmNy vR vQ@q~XQkyn~ ehQ pY{`n @p@L~ idm| mQl qW g#nWmyQ. @my ap swO xSmQy vQ@q~XQkyn~ awt pw~ vW@m| @Kqjnk prQc|@C~qykQ. @mhQ a#wQ kng`tRvt kr#N nm| vrk~ ap rt

rFkbl`gw~ ek~sw~ j`wQk pk;y vr\wm`n@y~ vQ@q~XQkyn~t upk`r kQrmQn~ h`w~psQn~m vQr#q~{ m`r\gyk gmn~ krmQn~ ktyRwO kQrWmyQ.

@my m` vQgYh krnR@y~ @m@s~yQ. "2002 ek~sw~ j`wQk pk; ayv#y vQ@q~XWy a`@y`~jkyn~t h` {nvwOn~t sm|pRr\N@yn~ a@lvQ krn lq~qkQ. {nvwOn~ bqE brQn~ nQqhs~v @h`[Qn~ kl~ @gvn awrwOr qEp~pwOn~ h` m{&m p`AwQk jnw`vt pmNk~ pWdnyk~ ptv` wQ@b|.

a`nynQk x`N~d s[h` a@q~Xkyn~ nQym kQrWmt e@rhQvn ay s[h` m` @qn pQLQwOr nm| ap@g~ jnw`vt rFkQy` avs~}`vn~ @s`y` gw h#kQ vW@mn~m ap jnw`v s[h` nQ;~p`qnyn~@gn~ l`x`AX @s`y` gw h#kQ ekm kYmy a`nynQk a`@q~Xkyn~ bvyQ. @mm kYmy vQ@v|cnyt lk~ krn pRq~glyn~ ovRn~@g~m v&p^wQ a`rm|x kr @n`m#wQ bv @pnW yyQ.

kOmn a`k`ryk @h`~ a`nynQk a`@q~Xkyn~ sm|bn~{ v&`p^wQyk~ pQhQtRvWm asWr# vRvq iqQrQyt kQrWmt a#wQ ekm a`k`ry ey bv kWmt k#m#w~@wmQ. sQylE rtvl~ s`r\}kw~vy kr` LM` vW a#w~@w~ e@s~ kQrW@mnQ. sQAgp~pRr#v ek~sw~ jnpqy, ek~sw~ r`j{`nQy a#wOU o|n$m rtk~ @gn b#lEv@h`w~ sWm` kQrWm| s$m vQtm qk~nt wQ@b|. a#mrQk`nR jn`{QpwQ @j`~j~ bR;~ hV nM` pvsnR@y~ vr\wm`n mRl& @k;~wY@y~ kd` v#tWm y}` ww~w~vyt @gn a` h#kQ iqQrQ kQYy` m`r\gy a`rk~;Nv`qy @n`vn bvyQ. e@hw~ a#mrQk` ek~sw~ jnpq@y~ v`@n~ nQ;~p`qkyn~ a`rk;` kr g#nWm s[h` vsr kQhQpykt @prqW a#mrQk`vt a`nyny krnR lbn sQylE v`@n~ nQ;~p`qnyn@gn~ sQyyt 30 k pmN bq~qk~ ay kQrWmt kQYy` kL bv ohRt amwk vW wQ@b|.

1995 vs@r\ sQtm a`nynQk a`@q~Xk Gn@y~ k^;Qk`r\mQk h` k`r\mQk v&`p^wWn~vl @s~vy kL a@ykO vX@yn~ a`nynQk a`@q~Xkyn~ kQYy`w~mk kL h#k~kk~ bv m` ht wr@y~ pYk`X kL h#kQy. ey asWr# ilk~kyk~ vRvq iqQrQyt y` h#kQ ekm m`r\gyyQ. XWY lAk`@v| pY{`n @p@L~ kr\m`n~wkr#vn~ @gn b#lEv@h`w~ ovRn@g~ @w`rwOr# anRv ovRn~ wm v&`p`r pQhQtRvWm s[h` q#dQ @s~ argl kr a#wQ bv @hLQ vnR a#w. hrQs~cn~qY kr\m`n~wy @gn b#lEv@h`w~ hrs~cn~qY ey ptn~ @gn a#w~@w~ hrkOn~@g~ a#t ktR @p`@h`r s[h` kOdR kQrW@mnQ. e~v` ekwO kr pY{`n m`r\gyt @gn en @ls mQnQsRn~@gn~ il~lWm| kr wQbQNQ. anwOr#v ohR e~v` mQlqW @gn em a#t ktR bs@yn~ m`wrt rF@gn @g`s~ wQ@b|. anwOr#v m` ohR h[En`gn~n` vQt ohR shl~ @m`~lk~ a`rm|x kr wQbQNQ. e~ ohR@g~ asWr#wm k`l prQc|@j~qyyQ.

XYW lAk`vt a`@v|NQk vR aw~yn~wY @rqQpQLQ h` bl@v|g @rqQpQLQ kr\m`n~wyk~ pvwW. @m|v` sQyl~l a`nynQk a`@q~Xkyn~ vr\g@y~ e~v` vn awr rFkQy` avs~}`vn~ nQr\m`Ny kQrW@mhQl` @h`[ k`r\yx`ryk~ itRkr wQ@b|. e@mn~m @rqQ vQyn~nn~t @mn~m e~v` a@lvQ krnR lbn a`ywnvltq l`x`AX upy` qW wQ@b|. ap ht bl@v|g @rqQpQLQ kr\m`n~wy @gn b#lEv@h`w~ k$gl~l h` m`wr qQs~wYQk~kvl bl@v|g @p@hkm|hl~ x`rv ktyRwO k@LmQ. @mm km|hl~ iw` ihL ww~w~v@y~ a#[Em| p#L[Em| h` @rqQ pQLQ nQ;~p`qny kLh. @mhQqW hk~mn a#MlEm| nQ;~p`qkyn~ pYmQwQ@yn~ ihL ww~w~vyk sQtQn awr ek~sw~ r`j{`nQ@y~ pqQAcQy s[h` gQy XYW l`AkQkyn~ @mrt p#mQN vQtqW n#vw ek~sw~ r`j{`nQyt rF@gn y$m s[h` hk~mn a#MlEm| mQl qW g#nWmt pRr#qE vW sQtQyh. bl@v|g h` @rqQ vQvWm @mn~m wOl~hQrQy a#wOU pY@q~Xvl pQhQtQ a#MlEm| km|hl~vlQn~ XYW lAk`v @rqQ pQLQ kr\m`n~w@yn~ s~vyA@p`~;Qw vRvq ap q#nt @b`@h`~ @rqQpQLQ a`nyny krnR lbyQ.

@mm aw~yn~wY @rqQ pQLQ bl@v|g @rqQpQLQ kr\m`n~wvlt hQmQv wQbR s~}`ny 1977 vs@r\ sQt hQmQkrgw~ a#MlEm| kr\m`n~w pQLQb[v y@mkOt k}` kL h#kQy. aw~yn~wY @rqQ pQLQ h` bl@v|g @rqQpQLQ kr\m`n~w gY`mWy pY@q~Xvl p#v#wQ awr e~v` jnw`v jWvw~ vn pY@q~Xvlm rFkQy` avs~}`vn~ hQmQkr qEn~ a`ywnyQ. sQylE bl@v|g km|hl~ v&`p`rQk a`ywn @ls p`lny vR awr ehQ @s~vkyn~t l`x`AX hQmQ vQy. @mm a`ywnvl ihL @p@L~ v#tRp~ h` pYwQl`x lbn. @m`~tr\ r}, kOlW nQv`s a#wOU vrpYs`q hQmQ vQ@X~;Qw ayQwQkr#vn~ h` vQ{`yk @XY~NQ@y~ nQl{`rWn~ @n`sQtQyh. m` q#nsQtQ ek~wr` a#MlEm| kr\m`n~wX`l`vk ayQwQkr#@g~ m`sQk v#tRp r#pQyl~ ek~lk~; pns~qhsk~ vn awr eyt amwr vX@yn~ ohRt @m`~tr\ r}yk~ h` bAgl`vk~q hQmQv a#w. em kr\m`n~w X`l`@v| pY{`n vQ{`yk nQl{`rQy`tq e~ h` sm`n vrpYs`q hQmQv a#w. a#

MlEm| sks~ krn~nn~t mskt v#tRp vX@yn~ r#pQyl~ hw~qhsk~ @h`~ eyt adR pYm`Nyk~ @gvn~@n~ nm| vsr kQhQpykQn~ em kr\m`n~w X`l`v bA@k`@l`w~ ww~w~vyt pw~vnR a#w.

hk~mn bl@v|g @rqQpQLQ km|hl gw@h`w~ ey p`lny krn lq~@q~ pY@q~X@y~ up qQs`pwQvry` vQsQnQ. ohRt em k`r\yy @vnR@vn~ amwr v#tRpk~ hQmQ @n`vRNq gmn~ vQyqm| qWmn`vkt hQmQkm| kW@v|y. @mm kr\m`n~w Xl`@v| ktyRwO s[h` ohR v#y krn lq~@q~ sQy r`jk`rW @v|l`@vn~ sQyyt 5 ktw~ adR k`lyk~ vRvq ey ohR@g~ r`jk`rW ktyRwOvlt ayw~ vRvkQ. ym| @hykQn~ @mm bl@v|g @rqQpQLQ km|hl asWr#w`vkt pw~ vRv@h`w~ qQs`pwQvry` @h`~ awQ@r\k qQs`pwQvry` m#qQhw~ vW em ww~w~vy vQs[Wmt ktyRwO kQrWm sQqE@v|. @m|v`yQn~ upynR lbn mRql~ r@thQm rF[W pvwW. e@hw~ @mm aw~yn~wY @rqQpQLQ h` bl@v|g @rqQ pQLQ km|hl~ sAvr\{ny krnv` @vnRvt ap a#MlEm| kr\m`n~wX`l` vr\{ny kQrWm @h~wO@vn~ {nvwOn~ wvw~ {nvwOn~ bvt pw~vQy. aq yR@r`~p` sAgmy wOL apt lb`qW a#wQ a#MlEm| shnyk~ ivw~kr g#nWm pQLQb[v s`kc|C` @vmQn~ pvwW. @mhQqW ap ap@g~ s~@@vrWw~vy @vnRv@n~ @pnW sQtQy yRwO bvw~ ap mw kQsQ@vkOt @k`n~@q~sQ p#nvWmt id @n`qQy yRwO bvtw~ ap jn`{QpwQvry` nQv#rqQv pYk`X kr wQ@b|. a#MlEm| km|hl~ @s~vkyn~t aw~yn~wY @rqQpQLQ h` bl@v|g @rqQpQLQ kr\m`n~w X`l`vl rFkQy` @s`y` gw h#kQ awr apt wvqErtw~ @rqQpQLQ a`nyny kQrWm avX& @n`@v|.

apt ap r@tQm kpR vg` kr gw h#pnh qXk@y~ mRl~ x`g@y~qW wQs~smh`r`my h` vWrvQl yn pY@q~Xvl kpR vg` kL awr ap@g~ gbd` ekl kpRvlQn~ pQrW wQbQNQ. apt a{Qk kpR @w`gyk~ p#v#wQy q e~v`yQn~ kOmk~ kL yRwO q yn~n ap q#n sQtQ@y~ n#w. e~ ap vQsQn~ q#n~ amwk kr qm` a#wQ ap@g~ kpR vg`vyQ.kQy.

m` nQ@y`~j& a{&k;vr@ykO vX@yn~ ktyRwO kL kOd` kr\m`n~w @qp`r\w@m|n~wOv kOd` kr\m`n~w qQrQg#n~vWm h` e~v`t upk`r kQrWm sQqE kL awr e~v` sQyl~l a`nynQk a`@q~Xk gn@y~ e~v` vQy. 1970 : 1977 k`l prQc|@j~q@y~qW kYQy`w~mk vR pY`@q~XWy sAvr\{n sx` v#dpQLQ@vL s`r\}k vR a`nynQk a`@q~Xk v#dpQLQ@vLkQ. @mhQ wQbR g#tlEv vnR@y~ ey r`j& aAX@y~ kr\m`n~w g#n pmNk~ mQsk @p_q~glQk aAXy pQLQb[ av{`nyk~ @n`q#k~vWmyQ. jn`{QpwQ r`jpk;t em awpsRvWm sQqE vR@y~ n#w. sAvr\{n sx` yt@w~ ap pQhQtRvR a#w#m| kr\m`n~w ihL s`r\}kw~vyk~ l#bWy. bq~@q~gm pY@q~X@y~ uq&`n kYQy`w~mk kQrW@m| v#dpQLQ@vL @h`[ ww~w~vyk p#v#wQNQ. vr\wm`n@y~ pv` @mrtt a`nyny krnR lbn kOd` @mvlm|vlt vd` iw`mw~ @h`[ ww~w~v@y~ pvwQn @h`[ pYmQwQ@yn~ yRw~ @mvlm| nQpqvn km|hl~kr#vn~ @k`w~m@l~ pY@q~X@y~ sQtW.

@qnQy`y pY@q~X@y~ 1971 vs@r\qW ap pQhQtRvR @kY@y`n~ nQ;~p`qn km|hl XYW lAk`vt avX& @kY@y`n~ pYm`N@yn~ qh@yn~ pAgOvk~ nQpqvR awr e~v`@y~ pYmQwQy ihL ww~w~v@y~ p#v#wQNQ. e@mn~m @mm km|hl mgQn~ rFkQy` avs~}` lb` qEn~ awr vQ@q~X vQnQmy @mrt iwQrQ kr g#nWmt q`yk vQy. @my ax`vpY`p~w sRmnp`l qhn`yk@g~ n`ykw~vy yt@w~ pQhQtRvR @qnQy`y km|hl~ sm`gm mgQn~ p`lny krn lq km|hl~ v&`p^wQyk~ vQy. qhn`yk mhw` @qnQy`y pY@q~X@yn~ @w~rW pw~vR p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wYWvr@ykQ. em v&`p^wQy iw`mw~ s`r\}k a`nynQk a`@q~Xk v&`p^wQyk~ vR awr ey wvw~ vr\{ny kQrWmt h#kQ vR@y~ nm| emMQn~ XYW lAk`@v| sQylE avX&w`vn~ nQpqvWmt h#kQvWmt id wQbQNQ. @mm kr\m`n~wyt 1979 vs@r\ ek~sw~ j`wQk pk~;y blyt pw~vW@mn~ psR sQqEvR @qy kng`tRq`yk prQc|@j~qykQ. ey m`@g~ vcnvlQn~ kQyn~@n~ nm|,

"1977 vs@r\ blyt pw~ ek~sw~ j`wQk pk~; rjyt m` vQsQn~ @qnQy`y pY@q~X@y~ s#lsRm| kr pQhQtRvnR l#bR sAs~}` @kY@y`n~ km|hl vs` q#mWmt avX& vQy. mRl~ hy msk k`l@y~qW @gvWm| krn lq kr\m`n~wyk~ vR @mhQ v#rFqQ @svWm s[h` sAs~}` pQLQb[ nQ@y`~j& a{&k;vrykO pw~kr y#vQNQ. p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wYWvrykO h` sAs~}` sAgm@y~ sx`pwQ vR sRmwQp`l qhn`yk mhw` ivw~ kQrWm q @mhQ armRNkQ. @m@s~ km|h@lhQ v#rFqQ @svWmt y#vR nQl{`rQy` sQy v`r\w`@vn~ em km|hl v`NQjmy vX@yn~ pY@y`~jnvw~ vtQn` km|hlk~ bv pvs` wQ@b|. e@hw~ a`nyny nQqhs~ kQrWm h` nv sAs~}` @qp`r\w@m|n~wOv unn~qEvk~ @n`q#k~vWm nQs` km|hl vr\wm`n@y~ XYW lAk`@v| a@lvQ krnR lbn @kY@y`n~ p#ktQtRvk~ aq qEtR vQt m`@g~ r#{Qry uwOrnv` q#@n~. (an~wr\ j`wQk mRl& armRql XYW lAk`v vQn`X kL ayRr# k^wQ@yn~)

ap r@tQ g#lvRm|kr# vX@yn~ q#n~ b#tU hm| @p`rv`@gn sQtQn ek~sw~ j`wQk pk~;yt @my v#dQ @qyk~ vnR a#w.

1970 sQt 1977 qk~v` k`l prQc|@j~qy wOLq jnw`vt mRhRN p$mt sQqEvR g#tlE pQLQb[v kw` kQrW@m|qW ekl a`h`r hQMyk~ p#v#wQ bv sw&ykQ. ey m`@g~ vcnvlQn~ kQyn~@n~ nm|,

aq`L k`lprQc|@j~q@y~qW XYW lAk`v s~vyA pYwQpw~wQyk~ anRgmny kL awr a`nynQk a`@q~Xkyn~ pvw~v` g#nWm h` @q~XWy nQ;~p`qny qQrQg#n~vWm sQqE @krQNQ. e@hw~ @mm pYwQpw~wQ as`r\}k vQy. evkt XYW lAk`v wOL p#v#wQ p`n~ @p`~LQm| a#wOU pYX~n a#wQvR@y~ a`nyny krn lq aw&vX& x`N~dvl mQl gNn~ sWGY@yn~ ihL y$m h` XYW lAk`v anRgmny krn lq j`wQkkrNy pQLQb[ v#dpQLQ@vLt ak#m#w~wk~ a#wQvR sAvr\{Qw rtvl~ vQsQn~ ap sm|bn~{@yn~ sm|b`{k p#nvWmt pQyvr g#nWm yn kr#NR @h~wO@vnQ. 1973 h` 1974 yn vsrvlqW pQtQvl mQl r#pQyl~ 1144 sQt 3132 qk~v`q shl~vl mQl gNn~ @t`n~ ekk~ r#pQyl~ 807 sQt 2462 qk~v`q ihL n#AvWy. e~ vn vQt @l`~k@y~ em qYv&vl kQsQqE hQMyk~ @n`p#v#wQyq bhRj`wQk sm`gm| vQsQn~ @mm ww~w~vyt v#dQkr @pn~vWy. @m| 1970 qXk@y~ mRl~ x`g@y~qW in~{nvl mQl gNn~ pY}m vrt ihL y$mw~ smMm XYW lAk`vt vQ@q~XWy sm`gm|vlt vQ@q~X vQnQmy @gvWmt sQqEvR avs~}`vt amwrv a#wQvR ww~w~vykQ. @k@s~ vRvq apt ayv#y prwryk~ h` Ny vWmk~ qk~nt @n`l#bRNR avsn~ vsr kQhQpy vnR@y~ 1970 : 1977 k`lprQc|@j~qyyQ.

1977 vs@r\qW ap@g~ vQ@q~XWy Ny pYm`Ny vR@y~ a#mrQkn~ @d`lr\ mQlQyn 750 kQ. 1977 vs@r\ sQt ap an~wr\j`wQk mRl& armRql anRgmny kL awr Ny mRql~ g#nWmw~ ey ayv#y prwry mgQn~ pQrQms` g#nWmw~ sQqE vQy. ap @m| vn vQt vQX`l vX@yn~ Ny vW wQ@b|. em Ny pQyvWm s[h` apt Ny lb` g#nWmt sQqEv wQ@b|. @m| sQyl~ltm @h~wO vR@y~ 1979 vs@r\ sQt ek~sw~ j`wQk pk~;y vQsQn~ anRgmny krn lq pYwQpw~wWn~y.

{nv`qW a`r\}Qk kYmy vQ@X~;@yn~m ayv#y prwryn~ pvw~v` gnQmQn~ Ny lb` g#nWm qQrQg#n~vW@m| an~wr\j`wQk mRl& armRq@l~ kYmy @h~wO@vn~ sms~w @l`~k a`r\}Qkym vQn`X @vmQn~ pvwW. ap@g~ sAvr\{ny s[h` nv v#dpQLQ@vLk~ a#wQ kQrWm avX& vW wQ@b|. XYW lAk`@v| ap q#ntmw~ s~vyA@p`~;Qw vWm ilk~k kr@gn kYQy`w~mk vW a#wQ bv m` swOtQn~ s[hn~ kQrWmt k#m#w~@wmQ. iqQrQ@y~qW y` yRwO ekm m`r\gy ey vn awr ap@g~ 2009 ayv#y @l~Kny em qQX`vt gmn~ gn~n` s`r\}k vR pQyvrkQ. ap@g~ mQLM pQyvr vQy yRw~@w~ al, @k`~pQ, irQMO, shl~ h` aptm a`@v|NQk vR @rqQpQLQ a#wOU apt nQpqvQy h#kQ s$m @qyk~m @mhQm nQ;~p`qny kQrWmyQ. m` ap r@tQ qQs~wYQk~k sAK&`@vn~ hrQ adkt @s~vy kL a@yk~ vX@yn~ ap@g~ h#kQy`v g#n q#n sQtQmQ. aptm a`@v|NQk vR kpR a#wOU ap@g~ sQylE a`h`r vr\g apt phsR@vn~ nQpqv`gw h#kQy.