"swQs~cn~qY pYwQx`ny" srsvQ cQwY`g`r@y~qW
qUgm nRvn @y`vRn~ hvRl sAvQ{`ny krn "swQs~cn~qY pYwQx`ny"
swQs~cn~qY eqQrQsQAh hrsr pQqEm sh ohR@g~ nQr\m`N`w~mk @m@hvr
a#gyW@m| sA@v|qW sn~{&`v 2008 jnv`rQ 14 v#nQq`, enm| bq`q` svs
3.00 t qUgm srsvQ cQwY`g`r prQXY@y~qW p#v#w~@vyQ. @mm s~}`ny
@m| s[h` @w`~r` gn~nt vQ@X~;@yn~m @h~wO vW a#w~@w~ qsk phk nQr\m`N
qQvQykt hQmQkm| kQyn pYvWN kl`kr#vkO vn swQs~cn~qYyn~@g~ pLmR
cQwYpty vR "m`wr a`c|cQ" psR nQ;~p`qn ktyRwO sQqEkr a#w~@w~
@mm srsvQ cQwY`g`r@y~qW nQs`my.
pYvWN kl`kr#vn~ rFsk~ shx`gQ vn @mm u@L@l~ pY{`n @q~Xny
mh`c`r\y sRnQl~ a`rQyrw~nyn~ vQsQn~ pvw~vnR lbn awr, vQk~tr\
rw~n`ykyn~ vQsQn~ @ktQ @qsRmk~ p#v#w~vWmt @y`~jQwy. mh`c`r\y
cn~qYsQrQ pl~lQygOr# mhw` vQsQn~ q sx`v amwnR a#w. sm|m`n
pYq`ny s[h`vR @h~wOp`Ty kQy#vWm rAgn@v|qW rvWn~qY rn~@qNQy mhw`
vQsQn~ sQqE @k@ryQ. vQk~tr\ rw~n`yk, sRnQl~ eqQrQsQAh sh lw`
vl~@p`l g`yn@yn~ rs gn~vn @mm uw~sv@y~ mRlsRn a`c`r\y dW. bW.
nQh`l~sQAhyn~ vQsQn~ @h`bvnR a#w. swQs~cn~qYyn~@g~ kl` qQvQ@yhQ
smWp@yn~m sQtQ sh^qyn~ vn pYvWN s`hQw&@v|qW @s`~mvWr @s~n`n`yk,
pYvWN n`t&@v|qW rn~jQw~ {r\mkWr\wQ sh pYvWN sAgWw@v|qW @r`~hN
vWrsQAh, ohR h` @gvRNR mwky avqQ krmQn~ @ktQ aqhs~ q#k~vWm|
sQqE kQrWmt @y`~jQwy. @m| sAv`q sthn e~ nQmQw~@wnQ.
wmn~ ugw~ sh k#m#w~w qk~vn @k;~wY os~@s~ jnw`v @p`~;Ny
kQrWm o|n$m mQnQskO vQsQn~ kL yRw~wkQ. kl`kr#v`q e@s~my. sQy
qs~km| h` h#kQy`vn~ os~@s~ jnw`vt @s~vy kQrWm nQym kl`kr#v`@g~
lk;NykQ. jnw` kl`kr#@v`~ vn~@n~ ev#n~@n`~ mQs @v|qQk` mwt @g`dvW
bd vd` g#nWm pQNQs @h`~ wnwOr#, vrq`n u@qs` @q~Xp`lkyn~t
vn~qQxtQtkm| krn~nn~ @n`@v|.
pRr` vsr hwLQs~ atk~ wQs~@s~ jnw`vt @mn~m kl`vq @p`~;Ny
krmQn~ jWvQw@y~ v#dQm k`l pr`syk~ @v|qQk`v, sQnm`v sh @tlQ kr\m`n~wy
u@qs` k#p kL @s`[Er# mQnQ@sk~ g#n aq apQ kw` krmR.
vcn@y~ prQsm`p~w ar\}@yn~m gw~ kl jnw` kl`kr#vkO vn @h~
swQs~cn~qYy. kl`sRrW swQs~cn~qY eqQrQsQAhy.
k#lNQy nRAgmR@g`d gY`m@y~ upw lq swQs~cn~qY eqQrQsQAhyn~
mRl~vrt akOr# k@L~ vr`@g`d rj@y~ pQrQmQ p`s@lnQ. aq em vQq&`lyy
XWYmw~ dW. bW. jywQlk vQqEhl @ls nm @vns~kr a#w. ohR @qv#nQ vs@r\
sQt k#lNQy {r\m`@X`~k vQqEh@ln~q avsn a#l~pQtQy X`n~w mrQy`
vQqEh@ln~q a{&`pny l#bWy. e~ awWwyt ohR apv k#[v`@gn gQ@y~ @m@s~y.
"mm kl`vt @y`mRvR@N~ {r\m`@l`~k sh X`n~w mrQy` p`sl~vl i@gn
gnQq~qQyQ. {r\m`@l`~k vQqEh@l~ m@g~ pn~wQ k`mr gOr#vry` vR@N~
rvQl`l~ vQml{r\m mhw`yQ. ohR y@X`~{` vQml{r\m XQl~pQnQy@g~
a`qrNWy pQy`. vQml{r\m gOr#wOm` wmyQ mRlQn~m m`v gOvn~vQqElQ@y~
Lm` pQtQyt k#[v`@gn gQ@y~. mm p`sl~ k`@l~qWm "sR@q`~ sRqE"
kQyn @k~ys~@g~ @ktQ kw`v n`t&yk~ @ls nQ;~p`qny kL`. a#l~pQtQy
X`n~w mrQy` vQq&`l@y~qW "@vs~ mRhRNR", "@r`~hQNW" kQyn n`t&vlt
sm|bn~{ vRN`. a#n~tn~ vr\NkOl wmyQ eq` @m| n`t& k@L~. psRv a#n~tn~
vr\NkOl m@g~ cQwYptvltw~ sm|bn~{ vRN`.
ob pLmR vrt pYsQq~{ @v|qQk`vt a` ayRr# mwkq...?
ov|... e~ 1961 qW. ew@k`t mm p`s@ln~ ayQn~ @vl` uss~ a{&`pny
lbn k`ly. kl`gOr# @j~. dW. e~. @p@r\r` sRrWn~@g~ "@vs~sn~wr"
n`tk@yn~ wmyQ mm pYsQq~{ @v|qQk`vt a`@v|. nWwQZ @j`~n~ q sQl~v`@g~
@p`wkQn~ eq` e~ n`t&y k@L~. edW jym`n~n, r#k~mNQ @q~vQy yn @qpLw~
e~ n`t&@y~ @pnW hQtQy`. mt wQbR@N~ n`t& pRr`m ekm ek v`k&yQ.
vcn atyQ. e~w~ mm m`s atk~ swQyt qvs~ wOn g`@n~ pRhRNRvWm|vlt
gQy`. @vs~sn~wr n`t&y iwQh`s@y~ rn~ akOrQn~ lQy#vRN`. e~ h#v|@l`k~
tvRn~ lEm|bQNQ rMh@l~ ek qQgt qvs~ q`hwrk~ @pn~vmQn~ @q`@L`s~
v#nQ qr\Xn@y~qW. "jRjk bmRN`t rMp$ nUv` a`@v| n#h#. kQsQm
pRhRNRvk~ n#wQv mm XWl` pWrQs~ smg ew#n~ sQt jRjk bmRN` @ls
rMp$v`. ew@k`t mt vys avRr#qE vQs~syQ. "@vs~sn~wrt" ps~@s~ n`t&
a{&k;vr# gNn`vk~ yt@w~ mm n`t& rFsk rMp$v`.
in~psR swQs~cn~qY eqQrQsQAhyn~ @hn~rQ jy@s~n@g~ "mnrAjn v#d
vr\jn" qy`nn~q gONvr\{n@g~ "ibQ ktQt", pW. dW. el~. @p@r\r`@g~
"rwO@r`~s" (@r`~mQ@y`~ jRlQytQ), gON@s~n glp~pw~wQ@g~ "lQy wBr`",
"mh@h~n~ rWrQ yk`", (es~. db|lQv|. a`r\. dW. bN~d`rn`yk mhw`@g~
kw`vk~, rAjQw~ {r\mkWr\wQ@g~ "mh@gqr", "@mrQ uyn", mh`c`r\y
sRnn~q m@h~n~qY@g~ "g#h#NQyk~", "syR@rn~ a` L[" (m`lnW @f`n~@s~k`
smg), {r\msQrQ vQkYmrw~n@g~ "on~n b@b`~", "hbRn~ ktyQ bw~ @qktyQ",
a#wOU n`t& rFsk rMp$@v|y. 1963 qW swQs~cn~qY@g~ sQy pY}m @v|qQk`
n`t&y "bk wps~" nQpq vRh. ohR nQ;~p`qny kL @qv#n~n "aw~wQk~k`
ml~ pQpQl`"y. "@h`t brQ yRq~@q", "whAcQ", "@s`k~k`@n~ rj`@n`~",
"ap`@y~ avRr#q~q" yn n`t&q ohR vQsQn~ nQ;~p`qny krmQn~ a{&k;Ny
k@L~y.
on~n oy aw@r\qW wmyQ @s@ntQ mn~wWY @rjW @p@r\r` mhw` 1966
qW ohR@g~ "s#@d`l~ k[EU" cQwYpt@y~ @b_q~{ xQk;Rvk@g~ crQwyt
m`v @w`~r` gw~@w~. mm pLmR vrt @b_q~{ xQk;Rvk @lsyQ sQnm` k#mr`vt
mRhRN qEn~@n~. It ps~@s~ iwQn~ cQwYpt gNn`vk rMp$v`. e~ awOrQn~
vQ@X~; cQwYpt wmyQ mh`c`r\y sRnQl~ a`rQyrw~n@g~ "@p`dQ ml~lW"
sh "kQYs~wO crQwy", vsn~w o@b|@s~kr@g~ "@q`rkd m`r`v", sRqw~ @q~vpQYy@g~
"wrNy", @k~. e~. db|lQv|. @p@r\r`@g~ "uN~dy", a`c`r\y @ls~tr\
@j~m|s~ pWrQs~@g~ "v$kn~q vLv|v", qy` vQmlvWr@g~ "sRj`w`",
ysp`lQw n`n`yk~k`r@g~ "nqWX`", {r\msQrQ vQkYmrw~n@g~ "hQm kwr",
g`mQNW @f`n~@s~k`@g~ "@k`tQ vLQgy". @k`tQ vLQgy cQwYpt@y~ mm
rMp$@v| ww~pr anRvyQ. e~ xQk;Rvk@g~ crQwy. vQXQ;~t kOslw`
sm|m`nyk~ srsvQ sm|m`n u@L@l~qW l#bRN`. "hQmkwr" rMp$mt 1985
qW @h`[m sh`y nUv` @ls jn`{QpwQ sm|m`ny l#bRN`.
swQs~cn~qY eqQrQsQAh cQwYpt a{&k;vrykO @ls pQvQ@sn~@n~ 1973
vs@r\qWy. e~ "m`wr a`c|cQ" cQwYpt@ynQ.
s[kd phNk k#tym| opl`
p`@vn @q~qENR l#MOm| gnW
k#l#wONR rsyk p#n a` bRbRlk~
akOr# v#Lk~ @qhqk lQy#@v|...
@m| gWwy rcn` krmQn~ @v`lW n`n`yk~k`r pLmR vrt gW pq rck@yk~
vR@y~q, @my gymQn~ swQs~cn~qY@g~ @s`yRr# sRnQl~ eqQrQsQAh g`yk@yk~
vR@y~q "m`wr a`c|cQ" cQwYpt@ynQ. epmNkOqE @n`@v| swQs~cn~qY@g~
pY}m wQr rcny sh a{&k;Nyq, mh`c`r\y sRnQl~ a`rQyrw~n@g~ pY}m
cQwYpt gWw rcn`vq, vQk~tr\ rw~n`ykyn~ pY}m vrt cQwYpt sAgWw
a{&k;Nyt pQvQsWmq "m`wr a`c|cQ" nQs` sQqEvQy.
"m`wr a`c|cQ" mt vQ@X~;Qw nQ;~p`qnyk~. m@g~ pY}m cQwYpty ps~
kOU[El~ cQwYptyk~ vRN`. in~psRv mm g`mQNW @f`n~@s~k` sh nWt`
pYn`n~qE @y`q` "rj@gqr p@rvQ@y`~" kL`. m@g~ cQwYptyk~ vR "XWY
m{`r`" wOLQn~ a#@lk~s#n~dr\ pYn`n~qE sh bn~{R mRNsQAh pLmRvrt
stn~ nUvn~ @ls pQvQsQy`. XQYy`nQ @p@r\r` pY}m vrt pY{`n crQwyk~
kL`. m@g~ "swr qQgn~wy" cQwYpt@y~ wQr rcky` m`{&@v|qW @r`~hN @vw~wsQAh.
rvWn~qY rn~@qNQy, @j`~ a@b|vQkYm, gWw` kOm`rsQAh, vQml~ kOm`r
q @k`s~w`, rMp$v`. in~psR m@g~m nQ;~p`qnyk~ sh a{&k;Nyk~ vR "a{Q;~T`ny"
j`w&n~wr cQwYpt u@Ll wOnk~ nQ@y`~jny kL`. jr\mnQ@y~ m#n~hyQm|
u@L@l~qW dQp~@l`~m` shwQkyk~ l#bRN`. sQUmQN kr\w^vr@yk~ vR pQy@s~n
nQX~XAk@g~ "vqEl" a#sR@rn~ mm cQwYptyk~ kL`. @j`~ a@b|vQkYm sh
m`lQnQ @f`n~@s~k` rMp$v`. in~psRv mm cQwYpt k@L~ n#h#.
swQs~cn~qY eqQrQsQAhyn~ XWY lAk`@v|qW nQr\m`Ny kL vQ@q~XWy
cQwYpt wOnktq rAgn@yn~ q`yk vQy. os~@tQYlQy`nR cQwYptyk~ vn @h`s~@tQjs~
(xQk;R crQwyk~), iw`lQ cQwYptyk~ vn q sn~ of~ s#n~d` w`n~" (hQn~qE
pRjkykO@g~ crQwyk~) sh "mqr\ @w@r\s` of~ kl~kt`" hQ in~qWy sQk~
j`wQk nQl{`rQykO @ls ohR rMp$@v|y.
mm @tlQ n`t& @k;~wYyt en~@n~ 1980 qW. pLmRv lR;n~
bRlw~sQAhl@g~ "ek mvk@g~ qr#@v`~", psRv {m|m j`@g`d@g~ "pLQMO
m#NQ@k~, mQhQkw@g~ qr#@v`~", lR;n~ bRlw~sQAhl@g~ "w`r`@q~vQ",
sRqw~ @s~n`rw~n@g~ "sQv| mAsl", sRqw~ @r`~hN@g~ "avQqE a[Er,
srqQ@yl~" sh "aBR s#mQ@y`~" vQ@X~;QwyQ. in~ps~@s~ mm pY`s`AgQk
@tlQ n`t& e@k`Lhk~ sh e~k`AgQk @tlQ n`t& @qkk~ nQ;~p`qny kL`.
@m| awO@rn~ "tQkQrQ nQL@m|, @k`~kQl gQn~n, @b`~pw~ s`k~kQy, sw~
mhL, sv|sQrQ uyn, sRv[ pq~m, qQyvdn mUv, @m`NrvQl" nQ;~p`qny
v@g~m a{&k;Nyw~ mmm kL`.
o@b| @tlQ n`t&vlQn~ @q~XWy bvk~, v@g~m a@p~ sq`c`ry pQLQb[
a`kl~pw~ v#dQ vX@yn~ kw` kL`..."
ov|... mm h#m wQs~@sm kl~pn` k@L~ sm`j@y~ k`lWn pYX~n g#n
kw` krn~nyQ. a`gm qhm, sQrQw~ vQrQw~, sAs~k^wQy, s`r{r\m,
a`qQyt m@g~ @tlQ n`t& n#BRr# vRN`. m` kL @tlQ n`t&vlQn~ atk~m
rcn` k@L~ @k~. bW. @h~rw~. "nQsl vQl~@wr" h#r an~ sQylEm @tlQ
n`t&vl sAgWw a{&k;Ny k@L~ @r`~hN vWrsQAh.
aq apt qkQn~n l#@bn @tlQ nQr\m`N g#n o@b| aqhs?
a#w~wtm kng`tRq`yk ww~w~vyk~. asRv qXk@y~ wQbR uss~ ww~w~v@y~
nQr\m`N aq n#h#. eq` apQ k@L~ @h`[ kl` nQr\m`N. e~v`@yn~ rtt
v#dq`yk ymk~ sQqEvRN`. @mg` @tlQ n`t&vlt mm wqbl @ls vQr#q~{yQ.
k`ly k` qmn, sm`jy vQn`X krn @tlQ v&snyk~.
ob aq sQnm`v qkQn~@n~ e~ vQqQhtq?
aq apt iw` qk; sQnm`kr#vn~ in~nv`. e~w~ e~ awr v#dQ @ls
qkQn~@n~ hrsRn~ nQr\m`N. @h`[ e~v` qkQn~@n~ kl`wOrkQn~. nmRw~
sQnm` kr\m`n~w@y~ @p`dQ qQyRNRvk~ @vnq`t vd` aq apt qkQn~n
pRUvn~. sQnm`v kd` v#tR@N~ r$pv`hQnQ@y~ @pn~vR @h`[ @tlQ n`t&
nQs`. enQs` @p~Yk;ky` phw~ cQwYpt b#lWm aw h#rQy`. e~w~ aq phw~
@tlQ nQr\m`N nQs` jnw`v cQwYptvlt n#BRr# @vnv`.
o@b| kl` jWvQwyt avRr#qE hwLQs~ atyQ. gwvR k`ly g#n s$hWmkt
pw~@vnv`q?
n$... a#w~wtm s$hWmkt pw~vn~@n~ n#h#. mt wv kL h#kQ @q~
hRMk~ wQ@ynv`. mm psRgQy avRr#qE hwLQs~ at gw k@L~ pRr\Nk`lWn
kl`kr#vkO @ls @n`@v|. v^w~wWy kl`kr#vkO vWmt avX& psRbQm wvm
lAk`@v| n#h#. mm avRr#qE vQs~sk~ lAk` gmn`gmn mN~dl@y~ v#d kL`.
avRr#qE @q`Lhk~ XWY lAk` mhv#lQ a{Qk`rQ@y~ @s~vy kL`.
ob kL @s~vy nQsQ a#gyWmkt lk~v wQ@bnv`q?
a#w~wtm ov|. 1990 qW mt kl`sRrW sm|m`ny l#bRN`. yR. db|lQv|.
sRmwQp`l anRs~mrN sm|m`ny mt l#bRN`. 2006 qW mt vQq&`lAk`r
pQrQ@v@n~ 131 v#nQ sAvw~sr u@L@l~qW v#lmQtQy`@v| kOsL{m|m
n`hQmQyn~ awQn~ "@s_n~qr\y kl` rw~n XQ@r`~mnW" kQyn @g_rv
up`{Qy l#bRN`. mm 1944 qW mRlQn~m "a" yn "a`" ynR kQyR@v| evk
vQq&`lAk`r prQ@v|N`{QpwQ awQ pRj& kQrQvw~wOdR@v| pz~z`s`r
n`hQmQyn~@gn~. akOr# kQy#vR w#nQn~m @g_rv up`{Qyk~ l#bWm mt vQ@X~;Qw
sQq~{Qyk~.
@mm 14 v#nQq` ob uph`ryt lk~@vnv` @m| pQLQb[v...
k#lNQy qUgm nRvN @y`vRn~ hvRl wmyQ @m| u@Ll sAvQ{`ny krn~@n~.
e~ ay @h`[ rsQk@y`~. k#lNQ@y~ sRvQ@X~;W kl`kr#vnt uph`r
q$k~vWm wmyQ ovRn~ krn~@n~. m@g~ Xk~wQ pYm`N@yn~ mm jnw`vt @s~vy
kL`. iwQn~ jnw`v@g~ pYwQkQYy`v wmyQ k^w@v|qWw~vy sh agy kQrWm.
agy kQrWm wmyQ @k@nkOt l#@bn ihLm swOt.
swQs~cn~qY eqQrQsQAh kl`kr#v` 1966 qW vQv`h vQy. XQYy`
eqQrQsQAh ohR@g~ a`qrNWy bQrQyyQ. uqy, X;QnQ sh uq`r nmQn~ qr#
wQ@qnkO@g~ pQ@yk~ vn swQs~cn~qY qr# mRNRbRrn~ ps~ @qnkO@g~ sWy`
@k@nkQ.
o@b| bl`@p`@r`w~wO
@h`[ cQwYptyk~ krn~n a`s`v wQ@ynv`. e~ s[h` uw~s`hyk @y@qnv`.
e~w~ @h`[ @tlQ n`t&vlt sRqEsR v`w`vrNyk~ n#wQvWm g#n mm kNs~sl~@ln~
in~nv`.
