2008 vs@r\ @h`[m @y`vRn~ nUv` @ls @jh`n~ XYW k`n~w
ap~pRh`mQ (ahQAskyn~@g~ a`r`my) sh @h`[m @y`vRn~ nQLQy @ls
sm`{Q lk~sQrQ (s[ gQnQ arA) @y_vn sm|m`n@yn~ pRq l#bRh.
@ktQ n`t& aAX@y~ @h`[m @y`vRn~ nUv` @ls vsn~w mRhn~qQrm|
(a@p @gqr yA) sm|m`nyt p`wY vR awr @ktQ n`t& aAX@y~ @h`[m
nQLQy sm|m`ny s[h` sRqEs~skO nQr\@q~XvW @n`wQbQNQ.
j`wQk wr#N @s~v` sx`v vQsQn~ wQs~v#nQ vrt sAvQ{`ny kr wQbR
@y_vn sm|m`n pYq`n u@Ll wr#N ktyRwO a#m#wQnW pvQwY`
vn~nQa`rc|cQ mhw~mQy@g~ pY{`nw~v@yn~ bN~d`rn`yk anRs~mrN j`w&n~wr
sm|mn~wYNX`l`@v|qW psRgQy 01 v#nQq` p#v#w~vQNQ.
wr#N ktyRwO a#m#wQnW pvQwY` vn~nQa`rc|cQ, kYWd` h` @p`qE vQ@n`~q
ktyRwO a#m#wQ g`mQNW @l`kO@g~, KNQj h` KNQj sm|pw~ sAvr\{n
a#m#wQ. e~. ec|. em|. fvRsQ, jl sm|p`qn a#m#wQ mhQn~q amrvWr,
sAs~k^wQk h` j`wQk ur#myn~ pQLQb[ a#m#wQ mhQn~q y`p` a@b|vr\{n
yn mhw~vr#n~, j`wQk wr#N @s~v` sx`@v| sx`pwQ a{&k; jnr`l~
x`;~vr @s~n`Ak gONrw~n sh sbrgmRv pL`w~ sx` mn~wYW kAcn jyrw~n
yn mhw~vr#n~ awQn~ sm|m`n lq XQl~pWhR @m@s~y.
jy l#bR@v`~
n`t& s[h`
@h`[m sAgWwy : pYmQw~ qhn`yk (s[gQnQ arn~)
@h`[m rAg vQn&`sy wOmQ[E @q`dn~w#n~n (s[gQnQ arn~), @h`[m
rAg`@l`~ky sAjWv u@p~n~qY (ahQAskyn~@g~ a`r`my), @h`[m @v|qQk`
prQp`lny @h~v@g~ bn~qEl· X`n~w k`rQyvsm| (v#hQ lQhQNQ), @h`[m
psRwl nQr\m`Ny qQs~n qQln~w· a@s~l r#vn~ (v#hQ lQhQNQ), @h`[m
a#[Em| nQr\m`Ny lAk` bN~d`rn`yk (ahQAskyn~@g~ a`r`my), @h`[m
aAg rcny sAjWv u@p~n~qY (ahQAskyn~@g~ a`r`my), @h`[m sh`y
nQLQy @k_Xl&` @mn~dQs~ (s[ gQnQarA), @h`[m sh`y nUv` wQlAk
gm@g~ (v#hQ lQhQNQ), @h`[m nQ;~p`qny 2 s~}`ny sAjWv u@p~n~qY (ahQAskyn~@g~
a`r`my) , 3 s~}`ny wOmQ[E @q`dn~w#n~n (s[gQNQ arn~) (1 sm|m`ny
n#w),
@k`tQ n`t& aAXy
rAgn vQn&`sy : ag~@b`~ pN~dQwrw~n (rwO a#pl~), @h`[m sAgWwy
pYbRq~{ cwOrAg, nQlRp` rw~n`yk, (mrNy smg rmNy), @h`[m rAg`@l`~k
nQr\m`ny rAg smr@k`~n~ (a@p @gqr yA), @h`[m @v|qQk` prQp`lny
nQml~ sRrQy bN~d`r (m@g sQhQny mt qkQn~n id wQyn~n), @h`[m a#[Em|
nQr\m`Ny tW. @k~. @mn~dQs~ (sbn~ @pn), @h`[m aAg rcny r#k~mn~
wQlkrw~n (a@p @gqr yA), @h`[m rcny qQn`l~ asAg (a@p @gqr yA),
@h`[m sh`y nUv` qQlEk~ wQrQm`n~n (sbn~ @pn), @h`[m @ktQ n`t&
nQ;~p`qny qQn`l~ asAk (a@p @gqr yA), jRrQ@y~ vQ@X~; sm|m`ny (rAgny)
sm|pw~ jyvWr (a`psR), n`t& @k;~wYyt amwrv @ssR s`hQw& h` kl` @k;~wYyn~
s[h`q @y_vn sm|m`n pRq @krQNQ. udrt n#tRm| e~kl (k`n~w`) qsRn~
nQm|slE @p@r\r`, n#tRm| e~kl (pQrQmQ) bRq~{Qk pYQyX`n~w, udrt
n#tRm| mQXY qsRn~ nQm|slE a#wOU kN~d`ym, phw rt n#tRm| e~kl (k`n~w`)
sm`{Q k`Acnm`l`, phw rt n#tRm| e~kl (pQrQmQ) nynjQw~ pYQyX`n~w,
phw rt mQXY ml~;` @k_mqW a#wOU kN~d`ym, sbrgmR n#tRm| e~kl (k`n~w`)
db|lQv|. m{R;Q mAjRl`, sbrgmR n#tRm| e~kl (pQrQmQ) ksRn~
cn~qQm, sbrgmR n#tRm| mQXY erAg hsQw kOm`r a#wOU pQrQs, jn n#tRm|
mQXY kOm`r sQrQm`n~n a#wOU kN~d`ym, x`rw n#tRm| e~kl (k`n~w`)
wO;~l`nQ prNm`n, x`rw n#tRm| e~kl (pQrQmQ) XYW rAjn~ mhQn~w~ @p~;n~,
k}k~ n#tRm| e~kl (k`n~w`) @v@r`~nQk` qsn`yk, k}k~ n#tRm| e~kl
(pQrQmQ) bRq~{Qk pYQyX`n~w, udrt @br v`qn e~kl dQl`n~ X@;~n~qY,
phw rt @br v`qn e~kl in~qQk m{R;~k @p~Ymrw~n, qvRl~ v`qny e~kl
(sbrgmR), rm|w~ @pY~;`l~ cn~qY@s~kr, qvRl~ h` wm|m#tQtm| v`qny
e~. pW. jgw~ a`nn~q, X`s~wYWy v`qn wb|l` w`rk kOlvAX, X`s~wWYy
v`qn btnl` pR;~pQk arvQn~q, X`s~wYWy v`qn vylQn~ bRq~{Qk
qQs`n`yk, X`s~wYWy v`qn m^qAg dW. @l`~kQqn~, axQr$pn rAgn ec|.
jW. lsQw @qnRk, @y`vRn~ g`yky` sQAhl qQ@n~n~qY jyvWr bN~d`r,
jn g`yn` X;Qkl` lk~m`lQ vr#svQw`n, bthQr v`qn o|gn~ s`gr
vQjysQAh, bthQr v`qn s#k~s@f`~n~ c`lQn~q XYQy`n~, bthQr v`qn
dYm|s~ l`lQn~q nQ@r`~;N, bthQr v`qny gQt`r\ @j`h`n~ nQ@l`~cn,
nQ@v|qk sQAhl I. e~. X`lQk eqQrQsQAh, nv nQr\m`N n#tRm|
anRrpYqWp~ bN~d`r a#wOU kN~d`ym, s`m|pYq`yQk cQwY I. dW. wQ@l`~k`
j`nkW, pYk`Xn cQwY i;`n~ upm`lQ gONwQlk, k#tym| em|. ec|.
rs`Ag, gq& rcn` hAsQk` qEl`;QnW nQlRk`, pq& rcn`, a`r\. e~.
ysn~wQ XQXQpYYx`, gWw rcn` em|. e~. asAk sm|pw~, C`y`r$p vr\N
sjWv vQ@j~sRn~qr, C`y`r$p klE sRqE pW. r#;`n~wn~, nvkw` mhQn~q
rw~n`yk, @ktQ kw` e~. @k~. jW. hsn~w` qQl~r#k~;Q, @ktQ kw` (qmQL)
pW. @m|nk`, pq& rcn` (qmQL) g@n~;n~ kQrQj`) gWw rcn` (qmQL)
@j~. sQl~vs~t`r\, gq& rcn` (qmQL) tW, nr\mq`, nQ@v|qk (qmQL)
wQl~lQ am|blm| pr\nQ{rn~.
1976 vs@r\ sQt 1992 vsr qk~v` p#v#wQ @y_vn sm|m`n u@LlvlqW
sm|m`n l#b aq j`wQk wl@y~ q`ykw~vyk~ kl` @kwt l#b @qn XQl~pWhR
ph@L`s~ @qnkO @mhQqW vQ@X~; sm|m`n@yn~ pRq l#bRh.
xq`` nn~qnW, g`mQNW @htQtQa`rc|cQ, vQmlrw~n aqQk`rQ, @r`~hN
qn~@qnQy, qWp`nQ sQl~v`, @rjQ@n`~l~d| jym`n~n, awOl pWrQs~, @r`jr\
@s@nvQrw~n, pYsn~njQw~ a@b|sRrQy, gy`n~ gNK{`r, gQh`n~
pYn`n~qE, pYsn~n jy@k`dQ, nlQn~ pYqWp~ ud@vl, pYQyn~w
sQrQkOm`r, sh pYs`q~ sRrQya`rc|cQ yn kl`XQl~pWhR @m@s~ vQ@X~;
sm|m`nyt p`wY vRh.
